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Anthropometric Dimensions of Nasopalatine Canal measured by Cone Beam Computed Tomography among Kurdish population
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to find anatomical variation of nasopalatine foramen (NPF) and nasopalatine canal (NPC) in different age and gender groups among Kurdish people on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. This research included one hundred CBCT images obtained from patients visiting privet clinics with a specialty in dental and maxillofacial radiology in Sulaimani, Hawler, and Dhok governorates within a period between 2014 to 2016. Subjects were divided into three age groups (18-34, 35-49, 50-75) years old. The first group were included 15 males and 15 females, the second group 20 males and 20 females, and the third group included 15 males with 15 females. PaX i vatech digital CBCT machine was used to obtain the images by radiographers. The following measurements were estimated; number of openings of NPC at nasal fossa, mesio-lateral diameter of NPF at nasal fossa (axial section), mesio-lateral diameter of NPF at palatine fossa, anteroposterior dimension of NPC at: its upper border; middle level, and lower border, and lastly the height of NPC in sagittal section. 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) with age range 31 years were included in this study. 69% had single NPF at the nasal fossa. 23% had two openings, and 8% had three openings. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the mesio-lateral diameter of NPF at nasal fossa, and palatine fossa were 2.60±0.69mm, and 4.11±2.09mm respectively. NPF diameter at the palatine fossa showed significant differences between genders (P 0.05). But age group differences did not reach the significant level (P 0.05). The means and SD of the anteroposterior dimension of NPC were 3.46±1.53mm. There were no significant differences between genders and among age groups concerning this dimension (P 0.05). Mean and SD of the height of NPC was 13.14±3.11mm. Males demonstrated the significantly greater length of NPC than females (P 0.05). It is concluded that there is variation in the anatomy and morphology regarding various parameters of NPC among Kurdish population. This should be considered in mind in preoperative planning to reduce the number of complications in implant and other maxillofacial surgeries in the anterior palatine area. Also, it s obvious that CBCT has an important role in obtaining accurate measurements of NPC different dimensions which have importance to differentiate between normal and abnormal NPC and NPF
Evaluation of different modalities of intraorally harvested bone graft in oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery
Full text linkObjectives: Although the iliac crest is most often used in major jaw reconstruction for dental implants and other maxillofacial reconstructive surgeries it has the disadvantages of higher costs, alteration of ambulation, and the need for hospitalization and general anesthesia. , bone grafts harvested from the maxilla and mandible offer several benefits. This study was conducted to the quality and the quantity of intraorally harvested bone graft from different sites, and assessing the suitability of each donor site for the selected recipient site. Material and Method: Twenty-two patients (27 bone graft donor sites) (5 of them with bilateral alveolar reconstruction), of both sexes (9 males and 17 females), were operated on by harvesting intraoral bone grafts from different sites used in different reconstructive surgeries. Specific intraoral donor sites were used for specific type of surgery according to the feasibility and need. Preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of the recipient defect size and selecting proper intraoral donor sites was the paramount parameter in our study. Results: The success rate was 96.2% in a follow-up period of 6-18 months, the patients were evaluated for bone graft stability, ability to insert the dental implant, stability of the implant, stability in orthognathic surgery, and the satisfactory aesthetic and functional results, all the patient had satisfactory results and only one case of particulates cortical bone had developed fibrous union , Conclusion: Intraoral bone graft can successfully be used for treating small and selected facial and alveolar defect with minimal complications in the donor sites, patients report minimal discomfort and morbidity and all complications were temporary. Types of fixation, prompt graft adaptation were the most important factors for success. Symphysis of the mandible has the advantage of easy access and visibility and can easily be done under local anesthesia. However, for reconstruction of a bigger bony defect, an extraoral bone
β-catenin expression in perilesional area of different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Full text linkObjectives: Background: Multistep carcinogenesis discusses a stepwise accumulation of alterations, both genotypic and phenotypic. Arresting one or several of the steps may disturb or delay the development of cancer. Current guidelines describe histopathologic margin of 5 mm as clear margin and 1-5 mm as close margin . β-catenin plays a critical structural role in mediating cadherin junctions and is also an essential transcriptional co-activator in the canonical Wnt pathway. A predictor marker is needed to confirm the clearance of margins surrounding a resected tumor. The current study aim is to assess β-catenin expression at the perilesional area of OSCC and relate such expression to OSCC histopathological grading. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical evaluation of β-catenin expression at the perilesional area of 25 OSCC and ten normal oral mucosae from archival paraffin blocks was done. The sections were assessed according to the ability of surface epithelium at the perilesional area of OSCC in showing normal expression pattern of β-catenin in the oral mucosa. Results: Normal oral epithelium showed strong β-catenin expression at the cell membrane, but no cytoplasmic or nuclear expression. There was no significant difference between the immunoreactivity for β-catenin in the perilesional area of the different histological grade of OSCCs. Conclusion: β-catenin expression does not represent a valuable tool to predict the free margin
Clinical Evaluation of Post Insertion Problems among Newly Wearers of Complete Denture Patients in Sulaimani City
Full text linkGrowth of the aging population will presumably increase the edentulous population in need of care with complete denture prostheses. The objective was to examine complete dentures in patients experiencing difficulties with their new prostheses, determine the most frequent complaints and their possible relation to age and gender. A total number of 200 complete denture wearer patients 126 females and 74 males participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to record the information which was taken directly from the patient when they attend the dental hospital. The information includes; age, gender, and types of the complaint. The study result revealed that; female number 126 ( 63%) was more than male 74 (37%), the number of the patients within the age group of above 60 years was 158( 79%), more than patients within the age group of 60 years, 42 (21%). The significant difference was found between gender and age groups (P 0.05). Pain 54 (27%) was the most common complaint of most of the patients in both genders, 23 (6.5%) for male and 31 (15.5%) for females. Loose Denture complaint had the lowest number among male 10 (5%), while complaint relating to mastication and eating had the lowest number of Females 18 (9%). No significant difference was found between gender and type of complaints (P 0. 05). Speech problem had the highest incidence among patients within the age group of up to 60 years 11 (5.5%), while the highest incidence among patients within the age group of above 60 years, were pain complaint 45 (22.5%). Complaint relating to eating and mastication had the lowest incidence among both age groups in total 34 (17%). No significant difference was found between age group and type of complain. Pain during insertion, removing, and wearing a complete denture had the highest prevalence, alongside speech problem in one age group only. A significant difference was found between gender and age group. No statistically significant difference was found between gender and type of complaints
Impact of chronic oral mucosal diseases on quality of life in Kurdish patients, Preliminary observations in Sulaimani city
Full text linkChronic oral mucosa disorders are often recurrent or painful with a long standing course that affects the quality of patients life. Scoring such effect with a predominance of oral health– specific quality-of-life measures currently used to a limited extent in oral medicine practice. Objectives: to measure the impact of chronic oral mucosal diseases on quality of life in Kurdish patients. Evaluate the efficacy of the discipline-specific quality-of-life measure developed in the field of oral medicine. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients with different chronic oral mucosal diseases participated in this study and filled the questionnaire. Results: The quality-of-life mean score significantly differed among various chronic oral mucosal diseases. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in medication nor patient support. Behçet s disease had the highest value (3.36). They had a significantly high score for pain, functional limitation, social and emotional domains. Positive, simple–count score was only significantly differentiating between recurrent aphthous ulceration and recurrent herpes labialis (24 versus 9.62). Chronic oral mucosal diseased patients have moderate difficulty in carrying out daily oral hygiene (mean score 2.34). They felt discomfort with certain food features (mean score 2.02). Also, they were not satisfied with their treatment (mean score 2.5) and were worry from no curing (mean score 2.09). They had bothering from the unpredictability of their oral condition (mean score 2.04). They were moderately satisfied with the level of support and understanding shown to them by family (mean score 2.2). Fortunately, chronic oral mucosal diseases did not disrupt their social activities and did not hold them to the feeling of isolation (mean score 0.98 and 0.74 respectively). Conclusion: Dentists should pay particular attention to mucosal-diseased patients because they are likely to experience oral impacts on daily performances. They should also consider the 26 questions included in the chronic OMD-QOL system for better understanding those patients need
The Effect of Lase Peroxide Sense and Whitening Lase II radiation on Gingival Microleakage of Different Types of Composite Resin Filling Materials. (An in Vitro Study)
Full text linkAim: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lase peroxide sense, and whitening lase II radiation on gingival microleakage of three types of composite filling materials (tartaric N Ceram, SDR, GC). Materials and Methods: This study was performed on thirty caries free upper first premolar teeth. The Standardized class V cavity preparation on buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth was done, then the teeth were randomly divided into two major groups: group 1 unbleached and group 2 bleached composites, then each main group divided into three subgroups; ten cavities (5teeth) for each group. The cavities were cleaned, and acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid, then bonding agent (G-permio bond) was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Group I and II the cavities were filled with tetric N ceram composite(Vivadent), group III and IVthe cavities were filled with SDR composite (SDI), and group V and VI the cavities filled with GC Essentia composite(GC). After filling the teeth in groups II, IV, VI were subjected to whitening lase II (DMC, USA) laser bleaching, according to manufacturer's instructions, then the teeth were thermo cycled for 500 cycles. After thermocycling all teeth were immersed in a freshly prepared solution of 2% methylene blue for 24 hours at 37Co then sectioned longitudinally. For gingival margins, dye penetration at the tooth/composite interfaces was analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Results: Statistical analysis of data by using Mann-Whitney Test Revealed that there was a significant difference among the different groups in both bleached and unbleached composite, Kruskal-Wallis Test revealed that there is a significant difference between bleached and unbleached composite for every type of material. Conclusions: All samples in this study showed microleakage with different levels. Hydrogen peroxide increased Microleakage in all tested materials
Temporomandibular joint disorders (Review Article)
Full text linkTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a sensitive and highly mobile joint. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have been considered as a common orofacial pain condition. The term (TMDs) characterized by pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area, the periauricular area, or the muscles of mastication, TMJ sounds during mandibular movement and deviations, or restriction in mandibular movement
Effect of different bonded base materials on the fracture resistance and failure mode of complex cavity of endodontically treated premolars. (An in Vitro Study)
Full text linkObjectives: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different bonded base materials on fracture resistance of endodontically with complex cavities, and the assessment of the mode and type of fracture of each experimental group. Materials and Methods: Fifty freshly extracted, intact, non-carious human maxillary second premolar teeth with similar anatomic characteristics were selected, the teeth were classified according to their mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions into five groups. Endodontic treatment performed for all the groups except Group 1 Group 1 intact teeth (control group). Group 2 unrestored teeth with endodontic treatment. Group 3 endodontically treated as in group 2 and restored with (smart dentine replacement) SDR bulk-fill. Group 4 restored with Vertise flow self-adhering flowable composite with optibond technology. Group 5 endodontically treated as in group 2 and restored with GC EQUIA Fill. The cavities in group 3,4 and five were then filled with Filtek Z250XT composite. Fracture resistance testing: All specimens were subjected to axial compressive loading until fracture in Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine (WDW 2006, China). The force required fracturing each tooth was recorded in kilo-Newtons. Assessment of fracture type and mode: After using ink perfusion of each sample for 5 min. Macroscopic fracture patterns were observed. Results: the results showed that the mean fracture load values were (1.94, 1.61, 1.79, 1.91 and 1.89 Kn) for each group from group1 to group 5 respectively. The mean fracture load value recorded by each material (group3, 4 and 5) was near the mean value of the sound intact tooth (group 1) which means that all of the bonded base materials used in this study can improve the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated teeth to a great extent. Although the group 4 (self-bonded Vertise flow base material) showed the highest value of the other materials (group 3 and 5), there were no significant statistical differences. Conclusion: The results predict that the three types of bonded base materials can increase the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated teeth to different extents depending on their bonding mechanisms and physical characteristics
Effect of calcium carbonate nanoparticles on the bonding strength of maxillofacial silicone to acrylic substrate
Full text linkThe clinical life of a maxillofacial prosthesis averages about six months before it needs to be re-fabricated. Most of maxillofacial prosthesis attached to the acrylic resin via adhesive primers detached and have to be re-attached every few months. This in vitro study established to evaluate the effect of adding calcium carbonate nanoparticles at different concentrations on the bonding strength of maxillofacial silicone elastomer to the acrylic resin, before and after accelerated aging. Seventy samples were prepared, ten samples per each group. Each silicone sample sandwiched between two strips of acrylic resin via A-330-G adhesive primer. From each group five samples were undergoing accelerated aging. All samples were tested for shear bond strength by using Instron testing machine. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles have a significant effect on the shear bond strength of maxillofacial silicone to the acrylic resin and the groups that contain the lowest concentrations of calcium carbonate nanoparticles showed the most significant changes. It CaCO3 nanoparticles in trace amount can improve the shear bond strength of maxillofacial silicone elastomer to the acrylic resin after subjecting to accelerated aging
Correlations of the number of emerged primary teeth with physical growth among Kurdish children
Full text linkObjectives: The need for deeper understanding of the influence of growth parameters on the human dentition is of importance for the dental as a well as forensic specialists. The present study tries to provide reference data on normal dental development and to evaluate the influence of age, gender, weight, and height on the number of erupted primary teeth among Kurdish population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out over the course of 10 months involving a clinical oral examination, and weight and height measurements of 867 children from patients of health care center in Sulaimani city. All measurements were carried out following standardized guidelines according to the Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. A tooth is counted as erupted if any part of its crown has emerged through the gingiva of the oral cavity. Results: A total of 867 children aged 4-48 months were examined for this study and the numbers of children were categorized in 3-month interval age groups. The overall mean age (±S.D.) of the children was 17.1 ± 10.9 months (Males, 17.5 ± 10.8; Females, 16.7 ± 10.8). The total number of erupted teeth increased with age with a mean number of erupted teeth of 8.6 teeth/child (For Males: 9.1 teeth/child and for Females: 8.1 teeth/child). Males had more teeth than females by an average of about one tooth per child (P 0.05). Partial correlation coefficients of the total numbers of erupted teeth were positively significant with both height and weight while controlling for age in both males and females (P 0.001). Furthermore, the same results were present, when Z-scores for length/height for age and weight for age were partially correlated with the total number of erupted deciduous teeth while controlling for age (P 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results of the present study and the data presented; it can be concluded that there is a relation between gender, height and weight and the total number of erupted primary teeth