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The Impact of Cerebral Palsy on the Health, Functions, and Habits of the Oral Cavity Among Children in Sulaimani City
Full text linkObjective: Identify the impact of Cerebral Palsy (CP) on oral health, function, and habits.Methods: A thorough examination of the oral mucosa in one hundred CP children was carried out after obtaining detailed medical anddental histories. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data, and p-value ≤ 0.05 considered significant.Results: CP children predominated by males (58%) and spastic type (64%). 27% of them visited a dentist (44.5% pain), 45% performedtooth brushing (57.8% need help), 31.8% mixed CP type only eat liquid diet. CP children had a burning tongue (11%) and halitosis(32%). Dry mouth and cracked lips were the minor symptoms. Functional limitations in chewing (34%), speech (59%), swallowing(37%) were also recorded. The majority of CP children had several oral disorders and habits including: saliva drooling (59%), mouthbreathing (45%), thumb sucking (32%) and teeth bruxism (31%). Lip and tongue sucking was significantly more in ataxic type (p =0.04). Changes in the tongue mucosa were the predominant findings (24%).Conclusions: The majority of CP children did not perform brushing, and few of them visited the dentist. The tongue mucosa was themost affected site. CP patients had multiple oral habits and orofacial functional difficulties predominated by drooling and mouthbreathing
Analysis of Apical Transportation and Canal Centering Ability During Root Canal Preparation by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (in Vitro Study)
Full text linkObjective: One of the goals of root canal preparation is to clean and shape the root canal system while maintaining the originalconfiguration. So, it is essential to keep the instruments centered on providing a correct enlargement, Canal transportation is a commonsequel caused by instrumentation, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the canal shaping efficacy of WaveOne Gold, NiTiflex,and a stainless-steel K-files by CBCT.Methods: Sixty extracted curved single root premolars were selected, from Shorsh dental center and private clinic and divided intothree equal groups. Before preparation, all samples numbered and scanned by CBCT. Then, the first group (n=20) were prepared withWaveOne Gold rotary file, the second group (n=20) were prepared by NiTiFlex hand file, and the third group (n= 20) were preparedby stainless steel files. Canal transportation and centering ability before and after root canal shaping assessed using CBCT and AdobePhotoshop CS3 Extended. The amount and direction of canal transportation in the apical third of each instrument determined in threeaxial sections of 2mm, 3mm, and 4mm from the apex, while the centering ability of each instrument determined in 5 axial sections of2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, and 10mm from the apex. The three groups were statistically compared using one way ANOVA test.Results: It was reviled that there were no statistically significant differences in the magnitude of canal transportation between threegroups (p 0.05) at 2 mm, 3 mm as well as 4 mm from the apex, while in group one (WaveOne Gold) showed significantly lowermean canal transportation as compared to other two groups. The centering ability was statistically significant in 2 mm axial section,WaveOne Gold had better-centering ability than NiTiFlex and Stainless steel hand file. While in other sections the difference was nonsignificant.Conclusions: The difference between the three groups was non-significant regarding transportation, while in apical part WaveOneGold has better-centering ability than the other two groups
Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Salivary Total Protein, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Full text linkObjective: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, it causes by microbial plaqueaccumulation and its severity depend on interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host immune response. This study aimed to evaluatethe effect of scaling and root planing on the mean values of salivary total protein (TP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) andinterleukin 1 beta (IL-1β).Methods: Comparative study conducted on 40 volunteers: 20 of them with chronic periodontitis and 20 with healthy periodontium.Scaling and root planing was conducted for chronic periodontitis patients and unstimulated saliva was collected from all studied subjectsat baseline before and after 4 weeks of periodontal treatment to estimate the mean levels of TP, TNF-α and IL-1β.Results: High mean values of clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachmentloss), TP, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls (p 0.000), and significant reduction intheir mean values were seen after 4 weeks of periodontal therapy as compared to base line before treatment (p 0.000).Conclusions: Biochemical (TP) and immunological parameters (TNF-α and IL-1β) detected at increased levels in chronic periodontitispatients and reduced after periodontal therapy, so further studies are necessary to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of thesemarkers
A Comparative Evaluation of Internal Adaptation and Marginal Fitness of Two Zirconium Design Fabricated by CAD/CAM
Full text linkObjective: Full anatomic zirconia crowns had been launched to overcome the problems associated with veneering porcelain. The aimof this study was to evaluate the internal and marginal adaptation of CAD/CAM milled zirconia core to full anatomic zirconia crown.Methods: The mandibular right first molar of a dentaform model was prepared for the full ceramic crown with deep shoulder finishline. The model was scanned using intra-oral scanner to produce ten full anatomic zirconia crowns and ten zirconia cores. The internaland marginal adaptations (that represents the cement analog) were evaluated using the replica technique with the aid of astereomicroscope.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the internal and marginal adaptation of core and full anatomiczirconia crown, while a significant difference exists between them at the occlusal point that was greater in full anatomic crown. Bothgroups revealed the mean gap width of 146.718 which is significant when compared to the standard value.Conclusions: Both zirconia core and crown revealed comparable results of marginal and internal adaptation after sintering without anyeffect of bulk thickness. The obtained results were greater than the acceptable range
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Changes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Diabetes Mellitus Center in Sulaimani City
Full text linkObjective: Find the prevalence of possible changes seen in the oral mucosa of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: Three hundred type 2 DM patients included in this study after taking their medical history and glycemic control level.Patients were asked for symptoms of dry mouth, burning sensation, pain and paresthesia and they were subjected to full oral mucosalexamination.Results: Most patients had one or more subjective oral complain (83%). The predominant symptom was the feeling of dry mouth(80%) with no sex difference (P= 0.772). The mucosal pain reported in (12.7%) and significantly in males (P= 0.000). Gingivalredness reported in (33.3%) and paresthesia in (8%). Nine (3%) patients had white buccal patches and six of them revealed lichenoiddrug reaction. Dry mouth and oral burning sensation were shown to be unrelated to the glycemic control. Gingival redness was themost common lesion and correlated with poor glycemic control. Tongue was the second most commonly affected site in both sexes;however, the type of changes was sex and age-dependent. Denture stomatitis was seen in 4% and more frequent in females and inold age patients but did not relate to glycemic status. Lichenoid drug reaction was more prevalent among patients with poor glycemiccontrol (6.3%) and who were above 50 years old. Buccal mucosal white patches were related to the glycemic control (P = 0.014).Conclusions: Dry mouth was the most common complaints of a diabetic patient in all levels of glycemic control. Gingival rednesswas frequent in diabetic patients and correlated with poor glycemic control. Buccal white patches were more prevalent in patientswith poor glycemic control and who were above 50 years old
Prospective Study of Oral Health, Pain and Discomfort and Success Rates Following Insertion of Orthodontic Mini-Implants
Full text linkObjectives: To evaluate oral health and compare the experience of pain and discomfort after the insertion of mini-implants TADs(temporary anchorage device) and to analyze potential factors associated with the stability of TADs used for orthodontic treatment ina sample of Erbil city orthodontics patients.Methods: The sample included 47 patients of both genders (24 females, 23 males) between (13-35) years with mean ages 23.73 years.The patients were treated with fixed orthodontic appliance and TADs were inserted to reinforce anchorage as the cases required. Thepatients recall was performed for examination and recording through a questionnaire at baseline, few hours (evening), one day, oneweek and two weeks after TADs insertion. The inserted side of TADs was recorded by the researcher in anterior maxilla or mandibleand posterior maxilla or mandible.Results: The overall success rate was 85.1%. There were no significant relations in failure rates among the TADs related to thefollowing variables: gender, pain (discomfort), implantation site (maxilla, mandible), location (anterior or posterior), and type of softtissue (keratinized or non- keratinized mucosa). In the second week of TADs insertion females that complain from no pain was 43.3%versus 56.6% of males while moderate pain complain in the females was 64.7% versus 35.3% for males The success rates for noninflamed gingiva around TADs were 96.3% in the second week post- insertion with significant differences during 1st and 2nd weekspost-insertion (P=0.020 and P=0.042 subsequently). An increased failure rate was noted for those presented with local inflammationof the surrounding soft tissue, especially those cases which loaded within 2 weeks after TADs insertion.Conclusions: Inflammation of soft tissue surrounding a TADs and immediate loading (within 2 weeks) after insertion were the mostsignificant factors affecting TADs failure. Gender, pain, age, jaws, soft tissue management, and placement sites are not related to thesuccess of TADs
The Effect of Two Adhesive Agents on Shear Bond Strength Between Fresh Dental Amalgam and Resin Composite
Full text linkObjective: To assess and compare the results on the bond strength of two adhesive agents that bond fresh amalgam to two types ofcomposite restorations, and to check the mode of bond failure.Methods: Sixty standardized circular cavities were prepared in a block of polymethyl methacrylate with standardized dimensions.Fresh amalgam was condensed to fill the cavity, then a gelatin mold with standardized dimensions was placed over the fresh amalgam,and the composite resin was bonded to the amalgam. Samples were assigned into three main groups, each containing (20) samples. G1:Amalgam bonded to composite without adhesive agent, G2: Amalgam bonded to composite by single bond universal adhesive, G3:Amalgam bonded to composite by scotch bond MPP, and each group was divided into two subgroups of (n=10) (Nanofill andNanohybrid composite) to measure shear bond strength, which was followed by evaluation of debonding in all samples under astereomicroscope to assess the mode of failure.Results: The results showed that G3 has higher shear bond strength than G1 and G2, and this is statistically significant at (p=0.001,p=0.005) respectively, while G1 has the lowest shear bond strength and a statistically non-significant difference from G2 at (p=0.539).It was also found that the type of composite resin has no effect on bond strength and statistically non-significant difference was foundfor any of the sub-groups. Following debonding of all the samples, they were examined under a stereomicroscope, and the adhesivefailure present was about (%65), and mixed failure present about (%35), while cohesive failure was (%0).Conclusions: Highest bond strength was found with Scotch bond multi-purpose plus (SBMPP) agent compared to other groups. Thestrength of the fresh amalgam bonding to the composite resin without an adhesive agent was low. The bond strength with single bonduniversal adhesive was lower than with the SBMPP system
Co-expression of BubR1 and UCHL1 in salivary gland tumors
Full text linkObjective: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are one of the most heterogeneous and challenging neoplasms affects human. Severalbiomarkers have been used to study proliferation, angiogenesis, prognosis, metastasis and recurrence of SGTs. The aim of this studywas to evaluate, compare and correlate the co-expression of Budding Uninhibited by Benz imidazole Related 1 (BubR1) andUbiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) immunomarkers in SGTs.Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of BubR1 and UCHL1 were performed with formalin fixed paraffin embeddedtissue sections of 35 retrieved blokes of SGTs. The expression, pattern of reactivity, intensity and subcellular localization of thesemarkers are studied. T-test was used to find statistical difference in expression immunomarkers.Results: All of the cases were positive for both BubR1 and UCHL1. The intensity of reaction differed between the tumor types. Asignificant difference was seen in the expression of BubR1 in benign versus malignant tumors (P=.002) and pleomorphic adenomaversus mucoepidermoid carcinoma (P=.001). While statistically significant difference was not seen in the expression of UCHL1between the tumors mentioned above (P=.81 and P=.83, respectively). Finally, there was a significant difference between theexpressions of BubR1 and UCHL1 in SGTs (P=.001), indicating a higher expression of UCHL1 in SGTs.Conclusions: UCHL1 has a higher percentage and intensity of reactivity in SGTs as compared to BubR1, While BubR1 is a betterimmunomarker for distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors
Prevalence of Orofacial Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis in Patients Admitted Hospital in Sulaimani – Iraq
Full text linkObjective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a confirmed autoimmune disease that begins most commonly in young adult years withpathological involvement of many areas of the central nervous system (CNS). This pathology reflects an abnormality in the orofacialarea; this study intends to elaborate manifestations at the orofacial area.Methods: This cross-sectional study that was done in Shar hospital in Sulaimanyah-Iraq, which included one hundred patientspreviously diagnosed with multiple sclerosis who were interviewed regarding manifestations of multiple sclerosis. A specially designedquestionnaire developed for data, data entered and analysis by (SPSS software 24thedition). Chi-square test was used for analyzingvariables.Results: Females were predominant 68%. At the time of diagnosis 86% of patients were below the age of 40 years. The predominantsymptom was eye involvement (50%) with no sex difference(P=0.73), but age-dependent(p=0.04). Other manifestations werenumbness of tongue (46%), numbness of face (40%), facial palsy(25%), dysphagia (12%), they were no statistically significant. Nopatients reported trigeminal neuralgia at the beginning of the disease.Conclusions: Based on this study dentists and physicians could participate in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis by doing a properreferral
Double Lip: A Review of Literature and a Case Report
Full text linkAscher s syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly causes recurrent edema of the upper eyelid resulting in blepharochalasis in one handand similar edema of the lip resulting in a double lip on the other hand. Double lip is characterized by two soft, flabby masses of tissueon either side of the midline of the lip. This anomaly primarily causes an aesthetic problem, and it becomes more apparent during speakand smile. Thus, unaesthetic appearance remains the main patients complain for surgical correction. A 33-years-old male patientcomplained gradual enlargement of his upper lip resulting in unpleasant appearance causing him embarrassment during smile andspeech. The patient was systemically healthy no history of systemic diseases, no family history for the reported condition. Clinicalexamination revealed bilateral blepharochalasis clinically presented as atrophy of redundant upper eyelid skin with an obvious doubleupper lip at rest with the inflated appearance on smiling. Based on patient s demand for enhancing appearance and smile, surgicaltreatment of the double lip by transverse elliptical incisions from both commissures to the midline was performed in order to reducethe excessive bulk of redundant tissues. Ten days later, sutures removed, healing was more than satisfactory, and treatment resulted inimproved esthetic with high patient satisfaction