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Trueness of Stereolithographic Model Compared to Conventional Model Using CAD/CAM Prosthesis with Digital Photographs
Full text linkObjective: Accuracy of the stereolithographic (SLA) model significantly influences their laboratory uses. The aim of this study wasto compare the accuracy of SLA models created from digital impressions to conventional die stone models obtained from elastomericimpressions using full anatomic CAD/CAM fabricated fixed prosthesis.Methods: A partially edentulous typodont model was prepared for this study with two-implant abutments as a reference model. Twoimpression techniques were used to fabricate study models. Group one (n=5), SLA models were created from digital impressionsacquired by an intra-oral scanner. While in group two (n=5), die stone models obtained from vinyl polysiloxane impression materials(VPS). A full anatomic zirconia bridge was fabricated using CAD/CAM system and high-resolution digital photographs from thebuccal surface were captured using a macro lens . The vertical distance between selected points was measured by three evaluators usinga calibrated digital software program. The t-test with 95% confidence interval was used to evaluate the accuracy of the models.Results: There was a strong agreement among observers with a statistically significant difference in the seating of prosthesis on theSLA model versus the conventional model, with a mean and standard deviation of -0.17±0.24 mm and 1.04±0.22 mm subsequently.Their results of the t-test were showed fewer errors in the SLA group.Conclusions: CAD/CAM fabricated bridge was better seated on SLA models from digital impressions compared with die stone modelsfrom elastomeric impressions. Therefore, the trueness of 3D printed models was greater than conventional models compared to thereference model
Immunohistochemical Expression of PTCH1 and Laminin in Oral Hyperplastic, Premalignant, Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Recurrence Lesions Samples
Full text linkObjective: Laminin is a basal membrane glycoprotein that showed progressive loss of continuity from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma.The membranous receptor Patched (PTCH1) promotes the nuclear translocation and activation of the Gli family proteins. Thedysregulation of hedgehog signaling reported in various cancers. This study aims to assess the immunohistochemical expression ofPTCH1 and laminin in different groups of lesions of oral hyperplastic, premalignant, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) andrecurrence cases.Methods: This study involved 35 paraffin blocks of 4 oral hyperplastic, 11 premalignant, 15 OSCC and five recurrences OSCC casescollected from Sulaimani Histopathological Centers. Prepared tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically for both PTCH1and laminin antibodies and scored. Chi-square correlations used and the p 0.05 considered as statistically significant.Results: PTCH1 showed expression in all oral hyperplastic lesions. While 81.8% of oral premalignant lesions demonstrated basal andparabasal distribution with high mixed localization (72.7%), lastly 93.3% of OSCC showed positive expression and mainly foundwithin score 2(46.6%). No significant relations detected between oral hyperplastic and premalignant lesions regarding the expressionpattern, localization and intensity as p-values were 0.77, 0.09 and 0.38 respectively. Lastly, the relations between OSCC and recurrentcases to both the expression and localization parameters were non-significant, as p-values were 0.15 and 0.09, respectively. Lamininshowed continuous expression at the basement membrane of the normal oral mucosa, while only (50%) of the cases revealed suchexpression in oral hyperplastic lesions. The oral premalignant lesions expressed 54.5% of a discontinuous pattern. The relation betweenthe oral hyperplastic and premalignant lesions in response to laminin expression was non-significant (P=.21). A significant relationfound in laminin expression between OSCC and recurrence samples (p= 0.02). Finally, a significant correlation found between PTCH1localization and laminin expression in oral premalignant lesions (p = 0.03).Conclusions: The PTCH1 overexpression in all of the studied groups of lesions might give an impression of the active role of thisbiomarker in the progression toward malignancy. Laminin defragmentation, which started from dysplastic lesions extending to OSCC,could emphasize the role of this marker from the early precancerous stage. Furthermore, the combined PTCH1 mixed localization withdiscontinuous laminin expression might have a significant role in the progression of dysplastic lesions toward cancers
Evaluation of Light Curing Units and Dentists’ Knowledge About Photo Polymerization Techniques in Sulaimani Governmental Dental Clinics
Full text linkObjective: To measure the output intensity of light curing units (LCU) in governmental dental clinics of the Sulaimani governorate.To evaluate practitioners knowledge on light cure application.Methods: Ninety-four dental units and eighty-eight dentists in the Sulaimani governorate were included in this research. Outputintensity and diameter of tips of the dental LCU devices were measured. Two survey questionnaires were filled, one for the LCU andits maintenance, the other for evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the dentists.Results: Output power intensity results ranged from 50-2000W, with an average of 993W. The output intensity of 78% of the testeddevices was found to be acceptable regarding the manufacturer instruction of the radiometers used (every intensity below the givenrange that given in the Result section is regarded as unusable or non-acceptable). The range of age in service of the devices was 1-12years with a mean of 4.7 years. The average restorations performed in a week by a device was 17.8. Dentists had poor knowledge,attitude, and practice towards the maintenance of the LCU devices. 51% of the dentists were quite satisfied with the devices. 48.9%of the dentists reported that they don t have an idea of LCU intensity.Conclusions: Devices should be checked regularly for output intensity, light bulb efficiency, and composite build up. Dentistsexpress poor knowledge, maintenance, and attitude toward LCUs. Educational programs are advisable and recommended
Significance of Width of Keratinized Mucosa on Peri-Implant Tissue Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkObjective: Impact of the width of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant health is controversial. Thus, the aim of this study is to determinethe impact of the width of keratinized mucosa on the health status of the peri-implant tissue.Methods: Thirty-nine patients with one hundred fifty-seven dental implants with loading time ranged between 1 to 9 years wererecruited. Clinical examinations included plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), the width ofkeratinized mucosa (WKM), buccal mucosal recession (MR) and radiographic bone loss (RBL). Statistical analysis was accomplishedwith bivariate Pearson correlation test and chi-square test. The result was considered statistically significant when the p-value was ≤0.05.Results: The mean PI, BOP, MR and RBL were significantly higher for those dental implants with 2 mm keratinized mucosacompared to those with more than 2 mm WKM. While there was no significant relation between PPD and WKM, statistically significantassociation between WKM and PI, BOP and MR were found, whereas, no significant relations were detected between WKM and PPDand RBL.Conclusions: A significant association between WKM and peri-implant tissue health was found. Dental implants with a sufficientWKM 2mm facilitate better oral hygiene measures and better peri-implant health. The augmentation of mucosal tissue for those dentalimplants with insufficient WKM can provide better prognosis and may extend the life expectancy of the implant
Comparative Study of Marginal Gap Among Zirconium Dioxide, Poly Ethyl Ethyl Ketone and Porcelain Fused to Metal Implant Supported Crowns
Full text linkObjective: Lifetime and clinical success of implant-supported crown are critically affected by the marginal gap. Marginal misfit maylead to microleakage, cement dissolution accumulation of bacteria, food, and oral debris, potentially causing gingival inflammationand peri-implantitis. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal gap of crowns made from three different materials.Methods: A shouldered implant abutment was screwed to implant analog and scanned. Computer Aided Design-Computer AidedManufacturing ( CAD/CAM ) was used to design crown. Zirconium dioxide, Poly ethyl ethyl ketone and porcelain fused to metal wereused as materials to fabricate six crowns from each one respectively. Marginal gaps were measured by stereomicroscope at five pointsfor all samples, measurements were recorded using Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 software, and the data were statistically analyzed andsubjected to one-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc tests (p = 0.05).Results: Mean marginal gaps of Zirconia crown were (786 +794 μm) and for porcelain fused to metal were (883+ 371μm), both groupswere significantly different from Poly Ethyl ethyl ketone (2000 +1026 μm) group, but there was no significant difference betweenZirconium dioxide and porcelain fused to metal.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that although the marginal gaps of the studied implant-supportedrestorations were in the clinically acceptable range, crowns made from Zirconia provide less marginal gap followed by porcelain fusedto the metal crown while PEEK material had the largest gap
pH of Commercially Available Brands of Toothpaste and Mouthwashes in Sulaimani/ Iraq Markets: An In-vitro Study
Full text linkObjective: The pH of the daily used toothpaste and mouthwashes dramatically affects the balance of the demineralization andremineralization processes on the tooth structure. Yet, its value is not labeled on the container for public.The aim of this study is tomeasure the pH values of various toothpaste and mouthwashes those are commercially available in Sulaimani market.Methods: The pH value of twenty-one toothpastes and fifteen types of mouthwash commercially available in Sulaimani were measuredtwice by using JENWAY pH meter. The electrode immersed inside the tested sample (10 mL mouthwash and 2mg/10 mL toothpaste)for 3 minutes. The pH mean value for each sample was calculated.Results: The pH mean value for toothpaste and mouthwashes were 7.67 and 6.33, respectively. Low pH values were reported in Vitisortho (4.94), and Desensin repair toothpaste (6.99) and high values reported in A.ME menton calcium toothpaste (8.85) and Nanowhitening mouthwash (7.855).Conclusions: The pH of toothpaste was neutral to slightly basic. Thus their repeated use is considered as none erosive. While the pHof mouthwashes was acidic or somewhat optimal, that indicates the possibility of enamel erosion with frequent use. Thus a carefulmouthwash s type selection is required
Dispersion of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer by Ultrasonication: A Morphological Study
Full text linkObjective: Aggregation and agglomeration of nanoparticles in silicone elastomer is a common problem that adversely affects themechanical properties of the silicone because the aggregations act as a weak and stress concentrating point within the silicone elastomermatrix. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sonication on the dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in M-511 heatvulcanized maxillofacial silicone.Methods: Nano-ZnO was added in concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% by weight to Cosmesil M-511 heat vulcanized maxillofacialsilicone elastomer, after sonication of ZnO nanoparticles in ethanol for 30 minutes at room temperature, and 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% wereadded by weight without sonication of ZnO nanoparticles. Then field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-raydiffraction (XRD) tests were used to assess the efficiency of the dispersion method and to monitor the particle size of nano-ZnO.Results: FESEM test showed a reduction in cluster size of nano-ZnO as a result of sonication. XRD and FESEM showed a homogenousdispersion of ZnO nanoparticles within the silicone matrix.Conclusions: Based on the results of this morphological study, sonication of nano-ZnO in ethanol represented an effective and easyway to disperse nano-ZnO in a silicone elastomer matrix. This led to a superior quality nanocomposite without affecting the basematerial and without the need for a coupling agent or addition of any third material
Validity of CPITN Index Applied by Undergraduate Dental Students
Full text linkObjective: The goal of the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) is to determine the periodontalconditions and treatment needs in populations. It can also be used for preliminary diagnostic tool in the dental clinic.Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of patients narration of oral hygiene measures on the plaque,bleeding and CPITN indices and validity of records performed by undergraduate students.Methods: Data of 405 patients were retrieved in this study. It was composed of patient s narrations records of oral hygienemeasures (type and frequency) plus plaque, bleeding and CPITN indices, and the number of cigarettes per day. Ramfjord steeth were used for plaque and bleeding indices, while all teeth in the sextants examined in the CPITN index system. Chisquare test used to determine the relationship between oral hygiene maneuver and dental plaque, bleeding and CPITNsextant scores.Results: Toothbrushing, type, and frequency showed significant relations with dental plaque scores. However, neithersmoking nor other oral hygiene measures were shown to be related to bleeding scores. Smoking, toothbrushing techniquesand mouthwashes had shown significant relations with mean CPITN index, whereas the other variables had shown nonsignificant relations with CPITN. Score 2 form the highest percentages, followed by score 3 and score 1, respectively.Conclusions: The study did not show a positive association with the level of oral hygiene measures as narrated by thepatients and their oral health status. Furthermore, the records of CPITN were consistent with many previous studies
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infant: Two Case Reports from Sulaimani
Full text linkMelanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare osteolytic-pigmented neoplasm that primarily affects the maxilla of newborninfants. Two cases of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy were presented to the department of oral and maxillofacialpathology in Sulaimani Dental College, 2015. Clinical assessment and histologic diagnosis of the classic findings supported the finaldiagnosis, and no recurrence was detected after one year follow up
Effect of Scaling and Root Surface Debridement on Lipid Profile in Type-2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Full text linkObjective: Periodontitis is the most common inflammatory conditions affecting the periodontal tissues and considered as one of thecomplications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of scaling and root surface debridement on clinicalperiodontal parameters and serum lipid profile levels in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes patients.Methods: The study enrolled on 45 patients, 15 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis, 15 well controlled (glycatedhemoglobin 8%) and 15 poorly controlled (HbA1c ≥8%) type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Intra-oral clinicalparameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss) and blood samples were collected to testhigh density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) for all patients at baselineand after 30 days of periodontal therapy. One-way ANOVA used to compare between groups.Results: The study groups showed significant reduction in clinical periodontal parameters after 30 days of periodontal therapy (P 0.000), while no significant differences were seen in serum lipid profile (P 0.05). Non-significant differences were also seen betweenthe 3 groups in relation to clinical periodontal parameters and serum lipid profiles after periodontal therapy P 0.05.Conclusions: Scaling and root surface debridement reduce clinical parameters of periodontitis in all study groups, however, nosignificant reduction of lipid profile were exhibited