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Dental Arch Dimension of Mixed Dentition of Kurdish Orthodontic Patients with Class I and Class II Division 1 Malocclusion (In-Vitro Comparative Study)
Full text linkObjective: To assess dental arch dimensions (width, depth) in mixed dentition in a sample of Kurdish orthodontic patients.Methods: A sample of 58 dental casts (28 class I, 30 class II division 1 malocclusions) from 8 years and two months to 10 years andnine months were collected. Measurement of arch dimensions was taken, including width and depth. Differences between males andfemales and between class I and class II division 2 malocclusion were tested using independent t-test.Results: With gender pooled, class I group has larger UC, UE, U6, LE, L6 width than class II group, whereas class II group has largerLC width than class I group with no significant difference. The class II group has larger arch depth for maxillary measurements thanthe class I group, with no significant difference. While the class I group has larger arch depth for mandibular measurements than theclass II group, with no significant difference except for LC. In gender dimorphism, class I group, all arch width measurements, femaleshave a larger width than males except L6; all differences were no significant. While in all arch depth measurements, males have largerdepth than females. In the class II group, all measurements of width and depth were larger in males than females, the difference in UEand U6 were significant.Conclusions: Class I malocclusion has larger width and depth than class II division 1 malocclusion, except in the maxillary depth ofclass II division 1 malocclusion. Males had larger arch dimensions than females
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes of Veneers Made at Kurdistan Board of Restorative Dentistry/ Sulaymaniyah Center; A Retrospective Study
No full textObjective: To evaluate veneers made at Kurdistan board of restorative dentistry/ Sulaymaniyah center, regarding their mechanical(debonding, marginal adaptation, and fracture of restorations), biological (gingival index, gingival recession, postoperative sensitivity,and secondary caries), and esthetical (color matching, with marginal discoloration) qualities.Methods: One hundred and ten units of veneers applied to 15 patients were selected and evaluated according to clinical evaluationparameters from modified United States public health service criteria (USPHS) and FDI criteria. After signing informed consent, eachpatient was recalled and had the mechanical, biological, and esthetic aspects of their veneers clinically examined by the dental mirror,sharp explorer, periodontal probe, and visual inspection.Results: Overall, the veneers made at the Kurdistan board of restorative dentistry/ Sulaymaniyah center were considered to besuccessful restorations with a high survival rate (97.2%) as only three veneers were found to have failed. And most of the patients, n=94 (85.4%), were very satisfied with the color of their restorations. A total of 45 units of veneers (40.9%) were found to have mildgingivitis, while 14 units of veneers (12.7%) were found to have postoperative sensitivity. Only seven units of veneers (6.3%) werefound to have secondary caries.Conclusions: Veneers made and fitted in the Kurdistan board of restorative dentistry/ Sulaymaniyah center were found to have anacceptable prognosis and longevity regarding their success rate and patient satisfaction
Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Heat Cure PMMA Denture Base Material Reinforced with Various Concentrations of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticle: An In-vitro Study
Full text linkObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticle dispersion on the flexural propertyof heat-cure polymethylmethacrylate denture base material.Methods: Eighty specimens were divided into 10 groups of eight specimens; Group 1 unreinforced acrylic, group 2: treated withethanol alcohol, Groups 3,4,5 and 6 reinforced acrylic specimens with 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% of untreated zirconium oxide nanoparticle (uZrO2) and Groups 7,8,9 and 10 reinforced acrylic specimens with treated and sonicated zirconium oxide nanoparticle in ethanol alcohol(t-ZrO2). X-ray diffraction test (XRD) was used to study the dispersion quality of the tested specimens, and universal testing machinewas used to evaluate flexural strength and flexural modulus. SPSS software program used to compare groups results statistically.Results: The results revealed significant decrease in flexural strength with u-ZrO2 nanoparticle addition in different concentrationgroups (p 0.05), while with t-ZrO2 nanoparticle addition, above 3 wt% statistically significant decrease was noted as compared to theconventional group. However, the flexural modulus increased with increasing the both of u-ZrO2 and t-ZrO2 nanoparticles addition.XRD results showed better dispersion quality of the t-ZrO2 than u-ZrO2 throughout the acrylic resin denture base material.Conclusions: Flexural strength decreased inversely with increasing u-ZrO2 concentration, while it decreases significantly above 3 wt%of t-ZrO2 nanoparticle concentration. The flexural modulus increased with increasing both of u-ZrO2 and t-ZrO2 nanoparticles. Reducednanoparticle s cluster size of t-ZrO2 allows more nanofiller to be incorporated to denture base materials with less adverse effect on themechanical properties
Patient Complaints and Satisfaction with Removable Partial Dentures Therapy in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Full text linkObjective: This study examined patients' complain regarding pain, retention and stability, food accumulation, mastication, andspeaking with removable acrylic partial dentures (RPDs). Furthermore, the influence of sex, age and duration of the use of currentRPDs on patient satisfaction.Methods: The study sample included 156 RPD wearers (107 females and 49 males) aged between (27-81) years old. Sex, age,occupation, any experience with previous RPDs, and the duration of the use of current RPDs were recorded. Then, patient satisfactionwith food accumulation, presence of pain, retention and stability, mastication as well as speaking with RPDs were recorded. Data wereanalyzed using the Spearman s correlation, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation test.Results: A statistically significant relation was found between overall satisfaction and age (P =0.013). However, no significant relationof sex and wearing days of RPDs with satisfaction was observed. Eating with RPDs was the most significant complaint about most ofthe patients, followed by food impaction under or around the prosthesis. By contrast, speaking with RPDs was the least problem forparticipated patients. In addition, in the present study patients were more satisfied with RPDs that were fabricated by dentists incomparison with dental technicians (p=0.001).Conclusions: Age has a remarkable impact on patient satisfaction with RPDs. Chewing and eating recorded the highest complain.Patients were more satisfied with RPDs constructed by a dentist. A good communication between dentists and dental technicians isrecommended to improve the quality of RPDs, hence raising the patient s oral health and quality of life
Management of Gummy Smile by Surgical and NonSurgical Techniques: A Clinical Comparative Study
Full text linkObjective: Gummy smile (GS) also referred to an excessive gingival display (EGD). it s an aesthetic disorder that can be managed bya variety of procedures include; modified lip reposition surgery (MLRS) and botulinum toxin type-A injection (BTX-A). This studyaimed to evaluate and compare the effect of treatment of GS by surgical technique (MLRS) and non-surgical technique (BTX-Ainjection) 1 and 4 months after treatment.Methods: The study was conducted from November 2018 to November 2019. Forty adult patients aged 18-35 years with a EGD ≥ 4mm caused by soft tissue disorders were recruited. Patients divided into two groups; Group 1 included 20 patients treated by MLRSand Group 2 (20 patients) treated by BTX-A injection. The amount of gingival display (GD) was evaluated after 1 and 4 months of thetreatments by Autodesk AutoCAD computer program. ANOVA test used to compare changes in GD before and following treatments.Results: The study showed a significant reduction in the amount of GD in both groups after 1 and 4 months of the treatment (p value 0.05). Non-significant differences between both groups in 1 and 4 months of follow up (p value 0.05).Conclusions: Both MLRS and BTX-A injection technique were effective treatment modalities for patients suffering from GS
Effect of Different Disinfecting Solutions on Some Properties of Maxillofacial Elastomers Over Time
Full text linkObjective: The use of disinfectant solutions for a long time can cause distortion in the maxillofacial prosthesis. The purpose of thisstudy is to check the efficiency of three disinfectant solutions on bacteria and Candida and to evaluate the changes in the color and thehardness of the silicon with the increasing of the time of disinfection.Methods: Twenty-eight samples of maxillo-facial silicon with dimensions of 4cm*1cm*3mm for each sample were used and dividedinto four groups. Group I: Normal saline 0.9 %, Group II: Sodium hypochlorite 3%, Group III: Thymol 2%, and Group IV: Neutralsoap. The samples contaminated with isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria and Candida Albicans; each group immersed for10 minutes and then 30 hours in testing solutions evaluating the growth of colonies. Hardness test was done for all testing groups bythe use of Shore-A hardness tester after 30 hours of immersion for each group. Color stability was also done by the use of a digitalSpectrophotometer for the same samples after the same period of immersion.Results: Sodium hypochlorite and thymol solutions showed a highly significant difference on bacterial and Candida growth in bothtime intervals with no effect on hardness and color, Neutral soap showed a poor disinfection effect on microorganisms with a lowsignificant change in the hardness and no effect on color stability.Conclusions: Sodium hypochlorite 3% and Thymol 2% are very effective disinfection solutions on both bacteria and candida withvery little effects on the hardness and color stability
Estimation of the Gingival Microleakage of Two Composite Resins with Three Insertion Techniques for Class V Restorations (In-vitro Comparative Study)
Full text linkObjective: Evaluating the marginal microleakage of two different composite resins with three different restorative techniques in classV cavities with the cervical margins within the cementoenamel junction.Methods: Sixty standardized box-shaped class V cavities of 2×2×3 mm (depth, length, width) prepared on the buccal and lingualsurfaces of 30 freshly extracted healthy human premolars. The teeth randomly divided into two equal groups: group A (Filtek Z250XT) and group B (Beautifil II LS giomer). Then each group is subdivided into 3 equal subgroups: group Ⅰ (bulk technique-10cavities), group Ⅱ ( split horizontal technique-10 cavities) and group Ⅲ (vertical technique-10 cavities) and filled according to themanufacturer s instructions. The samples were subjected to thermocycling (5°C ±2°C 55°C ±2°C with a 30 seconds dwell time) andimmersed in 2% buffered Methylene blue solution at 37°C for 24 hours. The restorations were sectioned longitudinally in buccolingualdirection through the centers of the restoration. Then evaluated for microleakage using a stereomicroscope at 10x magnification andscored as 0, 1, 2, and 3. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used and p value ≤ 0.05 considred statisticallysignificant.Results: Split increment horizontal layering technique showed statistically significant lower microleakage than vertical layering andbulk technique. While giomer showed less microleakage than Z250 but statistically not significant.Conclusions: The use of split horizontal technique and giomer composite offers better and less marginal microleakage in class Vrestorations
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Denture Base Material Against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli
Full text linkObjective: Heat cure acrylic is the most common used material for fabrication of dental prosthesis. This in vitro study was undertakento discover the effect of nanoparticles on antibacterial properties of the denture base.Methods: Nanosized Silver and Copper oxide were impregnated at 1%, 3% and 5% by weight to the monomer of methyl methacrylatewith the aid of probe sonicator before mixing it with acrylic powder. Seventy samples were prepared to determine the effect of thenanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli.Results: The results for Streptococcus mutans revealed a statistically significant difference (p 0.05) for both nanoparticles at the threeconcentrations except for 1% silver. The most influential concentration on the tested material was 3% copper oxide, which caused a49% decline. Regarding Escherichia coli, only 3% and 5% of silver showed a statistically significant difference.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the addition of Silver nanoparticles into heat-cureacrylic was more effective against Streptococcus mutans than Escherichia coli. Regarding Copper oxide nanoparticles, it caused adrastic reduction in Streptococcus mutans activity but with no significant effect on Escherichia coli for all of its concentrations. Sincedenture stomatitis is caused by both bacterial species, Silver nanoparticles might be considered as a suitable additive for reducingdenture induced infections
The Influence of Repeated Cementation of an Old and New Glass Ceramic Lithium Disilicate Veneers on Shear Bond Strength to the Tooth Structure (In Vitro Study)
Full text linkObjective: Debonding of dental veneers represents the most common problems faced the patient and the dentist. The aim of this studywas to compare the bond strength of repeated bonding Glass ceramic Lithium Disilicate (LD) veneers and new veneers to the toothstructure.Methods: Twenty veneers from (IPS e.max CAD (LD), Ivoclar Vivadent) block (5mm length, 3mm width and 2mm thickness) wereprepared. They bonded to twenty of prepared labial surfaces of bovine teeth by using Variolink resin cement (Ivoclar vivadent) as asample group of twenty samples. They randomly divided into two subgroups of 10 samples named as A1 and B1 and tested under theuniversal testing machine to measure shear bond strength (SBS). The ten deboned veneers of A1 rebonded on the related tooth structureafter conservative cleaning of both veneers and teeth structure and assigned as group A2. While for the subgroup B1, new ten veneersbonded on the same teeth structure and assigned as group B2. The (SBS) tested for groups A2 and B2 and compared with each otherand with the previous sample groups. All debonded samples evaluated under a stereomicroscope to assess the mode of failure.Results: There is no statistical difference between all groups and the mode of failure was mostly adhesive failure between the resinand tooth structure.Conclusions: There are no statistically differences in bond strength between re-bonding of debonded veneer compared with of bondingof the new veneer
Accuracy of some Elastic Impression Materials Used in Prosthetic Dentistry
Full text linkObjective: Elastic impression materials considered favourable decision in fixed and removable prosthesis due to ease of use andaccuracy. High price tag is the main drawback. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface detail reproduction and dimensionalstability of newly introduced 3M Preliminary Penta VPS in comparison to other elastic impression.Methods: Alginate, alginate replacement and 3M light body were tested for surface detail reproduction and dimensional stability. Tensamples were prepared for each using a stainless-steel die that was created according to ADA specification No. 18 and 19. Surfacedetail was assessed directly after setting while dimensional stability was evaluated immediately and 24hr after. The data were analysedusing a paired sample t-test.Results: All the samples were able to record 75μm line for surface detail. Surface record of 3M imprint 4 Preliminary Penta VPSshowed a similar result to light body. While alginate failed to reproduce 50μm and 20μm lines. Regards to dimensional stability, lightbody resisted change with respect to time. In contrast, alginate revealed a significant effect (p˂0.05) on dimensional stability for thesame storage period while not a major effect was observed for alginate replacement.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that light body underwent less dimensional change than alginateand alginate replacement. It also revealed a better replication of details. Alginate replacement was more stable during the storage periodwith better surface detail record than alginate