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Effect of Some Disinfectant Solutions on the Adherence of Candida albicans to Three Types of Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials
Full text linkObjective: Microbial adhesion to denture surface is problematic for denture wearers, especially those with impaired dexterities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two plant extracts (clove and Basil) in addition to Chlorhexidine on candida Albicans adherence to (heat, cold, light) activated acrylic denture base materials. Methods: Two herbal extracted clove (Eugenia caryohyllata) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum) were prepared by drying, ground to powder, and extracted with ethanol chlorhexidine gluconate of 0.12% were used as three disinfectant solutions. One hundred and five square acrylic samples were prepared from (heat, cold, and light) activated acrylic resin denture base materials in dimensions of 10×10×2 mm for the study. The disk diffusion test was used to determine the susceptibility of C. Albicans to disinfectant solutions. The adhesion of yeast to the acrylic resin samples was measured with a light microscope by measuring the number of fungal cells in the corners of the square and expressed as no. of cells/mm2. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA to compare the mean of readings between disinfectant solutions and post-hoc t-test in which the p-value is less than 0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences (p 0.05) of adhesion of C.albicans were found on the surfaces of three types of activated acrylic resin materials with means of 19.18, 46.25, and 26.50 cell/mm2on heat, light, and cold cure respectively and after immersing the specimens on the disinfectant solutions regarding the highest effect of the disinfectant solutions was seen in chlorhexidine gluconate of 0.12% which demonstrate 3.11, 5.89 and 5.43 cell/mm2 followed by Basil with means of 6.75, 13.57 and 10.11 cell/mm2 on heat, light and cold cure acrylic resin specimens correspondingly, then the clove and finally distilled water. Conclusions: Both clove buds and basil leaves extracted solutions exhibited high antifungal activity besides Chlorhexidine on the surface of denture base materials. The highest inhibition zone was seen in Chlorhexidine, followed by Basil, clove, and distilled water, respectively. The number of fungal cell adhesion to the three types of denture base was decreased in the three disinfectant solutions when compared to distilled water (control group)
Expression of β-catenin in Minor Salivary Glands Adjacent to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to evaluate the expression pattern, localization, and stain intensity of β-catenin in minor salivary glands adjacent to surgically excised oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A retrospective study was held with 16 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks with minor salivary glands adjacent to OSCC. Sections were stained and evaluated immunohistochemically with β-catenin. The staining expression was assessed according to cellular localization, stain intensity, and, lastly, the pattern of stain distribution throughout acini. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0 software for Windows, and data analyzed by Fisher's exact test. P-value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: All minor salivary glands in the studied sample showed β-catenin staining with different expression in their functional units, as all had ductal and myoepithelial cells staining with a predominant cytoplasmic localization. While the mucous acini showed β- catenin expression in 10 cases (62.5%), this marker was significantly less frequently detected in serous acini of two cases of poorly differentiated OSCC (p= .008). A highly significant relation was found between the β-catenin cellular localization and stain distribution pattern in mucous and serous acini. Conclusions: β-catenin had altered cytoplasmic expression in all of the minor salivary glands adjacent to OSCC. Furthermore, the diffuse pattern of distribution throughout the acini could identify the multi-patches pathological alteration of this area. The current study clarifies that the adjacent clinically normal-appearing salivary glands could harbor genetic aberrations of their subsequent malignant transformation
Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis by Cone Beam Computed Tomography A Cross Sectional Study
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontics (AP) from a sample of Iraqi adult population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one CBCT images (116 male and 135 female) were obtained, 6738 teeth were examined of these patients who attended for dental treatment from January 2017 to June 2018 in the B R private dental clinic in Sulaimani, Kurdistan region/Iraq. Apical periodontitis was divided according to tooth types (anatomical) in both upper and lower jaw, root canal treatment (RCT) and non-root canal treatment (Non-RCT), affected root by AP, and quality of RCT. Pearson s chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance (p 0.05). Results: Apical periodontitis was found in 294 teeth from 6738 examined teeth, of these, 59.9% of AP incidence was linked to RCT. The percentage of periapical lesions was not significantly different between male and female patients. Among RCT teeth, maxillary teeth were found to be most susceptible to AP (61.92%) compared to mandibular teeth (38.07%). Mesiobuccal root of upper first molar and mesial root of lower first molar were most commonly affected with AP (12.4%). The most reported defects where under filling, followed by missed canal, and pulpotomy which were 32%, 20% and 18 % respectively. Missed upper second mesiobuccal canal presented with a higher percentage of AP (40.6%) and palatal roots of maxillary molars showed the least AP (2.7%). Conclusions: The prevalence of AP was low on population level; however, the prevalence of AP was high in inadequate endodontically treated teeth and increased in teeth with complex anatomy
Characterization of Mandibular First Molar Extraction Space for Dental Implant Placement Using CBCT Imaging – A Retrospective Analysis
Full text linkObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of untreated mandibular first molar extraction space on alveolarbone and adjacent teeth to suggest appropriate implant size selection and direction of its placement to achieve a favorable relationshipbetween the prosthetic part, the implant fixture, and the adjacent teeth.Methods: This observational study evaluated 183 CBCT of mandibular first molar extraction spaces to measure adjacent teethangulations, height, width, and length of interdental crestal bone. Besides interdental distance, unopposed teeth overeruption, andinferior alveolar nerve canal position were measured, and the continuous data have been subjected to the normality test to calculate theMean and median of the variables.Results: Mean molar-premolar, molar-bone crest, and premolar bone crest angles were 48.5±12.14◦, 46.4±11.9◦ , and 84.8±9.0◦ ,respectively. Mean molar-premolar crestal bone lengths 11.66 ± 2.32 mm. The median bone width was 6.46 mm, and the medianinterdental distance was 7.54 mm. The mean alveolar crest to the roof of the inferior alveolar nerve canal was 16.42 ± 2.82 mm.Conclusions: Untreated mandibular first molar extraction spaces significantly compromised interdental spaces and bone properties forproposing proper implant size, positions, and angulations
Immunohistochemical Expression of BubR1 and Telomerase in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Full text linkObjective: Aberrant BubR1 and Telomerase expressions are considered as important markers in tumor progression and clinicaloutcome. This study purposed to describe, compare, and correlate the immunohistochemical expression of BubR1 and Telomerase inoral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for 28 OSCC samples. The samples graded according to Bryne s gradingsystem. The reaction positivity, intracellular localization, and intensity were recorded. The expression distribution and mean-ranks ofthese markers were related to OSCC grades by Fisher s exact and Kruskal Wallis tests. Finally, the correlation between them wasachieved by Spearman s rho test.Results: BubR1 was detected in 89.3% of OSCCs, equally within scores 2 and 3 (35.7%), presented with 50% faint intensity, and64.3% cytoplasmic localization. Grade III had a significantly higher mean-rank of BubR1 scoring. Whereas Telomerase observed in75% of OSCCs, mainly found at scores 2 and 3 (60.7%), and 42.9% was within the cytoplasm. Half of OSCCs had faint intensity. Nosignificant differences reported in the mean-rank and stain intensity among the grades. There was no significant correlation betweenBubR1 and Telomerase expression.Conclusions: OSCCs had high cytoplasmic BubR1 and telomerase expression that cannot ensure proper function. Mean-rank of BubR1expression related to OSCC grading and being more in high grade. It determines the loss of differentiation and aggressiveness of OSCC.While the mean-rank of Telomerase did not relate to histopathological grading and considered an early event in carcinogenesis, it canuse for the diagnostic approach of oral carcinogenesis. These markers have an independent role in cancer progression
Enamel Integrity Base Morphology and Clarity of Debonded Modern Ceramic Brackets
Full text linkObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of base morphology and clarity of modern ceramic orthodontic brackets on adhesion of brackets with enamel surface and enamel surface integrity after debonding. Methods: The Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used at high magnification 1000x, and the images were taken for a retentive base of three types of ceramic brackets (Pure, Encore, and Reflections). The degree of light transmission was evaluated, and shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index were evaluated. Results: SEM exhibited differences in surface morphology of retentive base between tested ceramic brackets. Optical Characteristic showed Pure brackets were significant differences with all tested brackets but not significant between them. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at (p 0.05) in shear bond strength. The reflections and Encore gave the highest bond strength, while the Pure gave the lowest value. Conclusions: The morphology of the base and clarity of ceramic brackets directly affect the adhesion brackets with enamel surface under the same condition. In addition, the mode of retention plays an important role in the damage of the enamel surface after debonding
Clinicoradiographical Features of Jaw Bone Lesions in a Group of Patients Attended Two Maxillofacial Centers in Sulaimani City
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to determine the distribution, clinical and radiographic features of different jaw lesions. Methods: A descriptive study included 110 cases of jaw bone lesions collected along seven years from two major maxillofacial centers in Sulaimani governorate-Iraq. Results: The sample predominated by males (59.1%), male to female ratio of 1.4:1., the most affected age group 21-40 years (40.9%), the most common presenting sign was swelling (74.5%) besides, the swelling was the most common chief complain (with pain 30%; or without pain 59.1%). Systemic symptoms like fever and weight loss were present in only four patients (3.6%). One-third of cases (33.6%) presented for the 2-12months duration. The mandible was affected in 56.4% of cases. Regarding the radiographic features, 80% of lesions were ≤5cm in maximum dimension, 69.1% of the lesions were radiolucent. Ill or well-defined borders were equally presented (47.3%). 39.9% of lesions related to the teeth (root apices, impactions, displacement, and resorption). Concerning the diagnosis, 48.2% of the lesions were diagnosed as a cyst, followed by tumors 29.1%. Conclusions: Jaw lesions of different origins can share the same clinical and radiographic features; dental professionals should have information about the most common lesions to guide them toward proper investigations and management
Reliability of Expected Root Position in Two Different Bracket Bonding and Positioning Techniques (A Comparative Ex-Vitro Study)
Full text linkObjective: To measure the reproducibility of expecting root position (ERP) in various brackets bonding and positioning techniques.Methods: Twenty Angle s Class-I typodont models were divided into four groups of five models each. The first two groups werebonded directly, and the other two groups were bonded indirectly. Intraoral scanning and CBCT were taken before and after simulationorthodontic treatment for each model. The pre-treatment CBCT of models was matched to the digital crown of the post-treatmentintraoral scanner of the models in order to put the root in the expected position. At the same time, the true root position was obtainedfrom the CBCT of post-treated models. Finally, the true and ERPs were superimposed by part comparison analysis function in 3-Maticsoftware to measure mm displacement between two compared parts. The intra-examiner reliability was tested by the Bland-Altmanmethod. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the displacement means of true and ERP.Results: There was no significant difference between the mean of true and ERP among the study groups for maxillary and mandibulararches (P 0.05).Conclusions: Combining data from CBCT and the digital models, simulation of the root positions was statistically validated withdirect and indirect techniques of bracket positioning and bonding
Effects of Short and Long-Term Immersion in Denture Cleansers on the Dimensional Stability of Acrylic Denture Base Material
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to compare the effects of three commercially available denture cleansing solutions on the dimensionalstability of heat cure acrylic denture bases.Methods: Twenty four maxillary acrylic denture base samples were constructed and divided into four groups. Group 1. water ascontrol, group 2. 1% Sodium hypochlorite, group 3. 2% Chlorhexidine, and Group 4. Kin tablet solution. Linear dimensionalmeasurements were conducted along with five-time intervals: 0 times: before immersion, three days, ten days, one month, and twomonths after immersion. After each time interval, the specimens were photographed in a standardized manner, and the images wereevaluated by Image J software. The dimensions between six projection points on the intaglio surface of denture bases were recordedand compared. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (Two-way ANOVA, Tukey test, p 0.05).Results: All specimens in three disinfectant solutions and water exhibited a small amount of linear expansion at all time intervals. Theexpansion was significant compared to the 0-time immersion. On the tenth day of immersion, the dimensional change becomes stableand constant until the end of the two months. Among the three disinfectants, 1% of Sodium hypochlorite registered the least expansionin some measured lines at two-time intervals followed by 2% Chlorhexidine.Conclusions: Cleanser solutions induced dimensional changes on acrylic denture bases similar to the effect of water in all examinedmeasurements. The long time cleanser's immersion had the same effect on the dimension as the short time effect
The Effect of Oral-care Program and Mouthwash Useas a Prophylaxis in Minimizing the Incidence of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis of Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Patients
Full text linkObjective: The aim was to assess the effect of the oral-care program and Kin Care mouthwash on the rate and severity of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) in pediatric and adolescent cancer patients. Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted from May 2018 through May 2019. It was held in the Children Cancer Center of Hiwa Oncology and Hematology Hospital and included 48 participants aged 5-17 years who received chemotherapy. They were randomly allocated into either intervention or control groups; 24 patients each. The control group did not receive oral-care protocol intervention except for symptomatic measures. In contrast, the intervention group was provided with oral-care instructions and Kin Care mouthwash. Clinical evaluations were performed before commencing chemotherapy and then, twice per week, for three consecutive weeks. The World Health Organization Mucositis grading, the visual analog scale, oral hygiene status, and drinking and eating abilities were assessed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning age, gender, and tumor type. The most severe grades of OM (Grade III-IV) among the intervention group were significantly less than the control group (2.1% versus 22.9%). Besides, the use of Kin Care mouthwash decreased the occurrence of OM into half. The risk ratio of developing OM (Grades II-IV) was 0.51. Conclusions: Regular oral-care program and Kin Care solution for children receiving chemotherapy effectively decreases the rate and severity of OM