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Narrating Feminine Rebellion, Dynamism and Resilience in Meja Mwangi’s "The Last Plague"
Get PDFThe postcolonial literature that underscores feminist realization has used varied ways to engage and interrogate the many aspects of the fight against the enduring grip of patriarchy. However, as this paper shows, to defeat the plague, believable human effort laced with such enduring virtues as dynamism and resilience should be cultivated. This paper argues that Meja Mwangi’s The Last Plagueis an inspiring metaphor that, with a slant, narrates female rebellion, dynamism and resilience in taming HIV/AIDS in the context of cultural and patriarchal resistance. What Janet and right-minded people like Frank do to have people accept the plague is real and can be deduced through acceptance and change of people’s sexual behaviour. Thus, using Psychoanalytic and Feminism theories, this paper examines the apparent resistance to combating HIV/AIDS and the reasons why Janet rebels and, with evident dynamism and resilience, at first and second, take a bold step to fight the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Using The Last Plague as the unit of analysis, the paper utilizes a close reading textual analysis methodology for data collection, analysis, discussion and presentation. This paper argues that ‘The Last Plague’ is a metaphor for HIV/AIDS, and in Mwangi’s thinking, this disease is wiping humanity to the bubonic plague level
Kapitalosenia kama Pantoni ya Anthroposenia katika Riwaya ya Kiswahili: Mfano wa \u27Vipuli vya Figo\u27, \u27Mafuta\u27 na \u27Walenisi\u27
No full textMakala haya yanashughulikia kapitalosenia kama pantoni ya anthroposenia katika nchi za Afrika katika riwaya ya Emmanuel Mbogo: Vipuli vya Figo; na za Katama Mkangi: Mafuta na Walenisi. Riwaya hizi tatu zilisomwa na mtafiti na hatimaye data iliyodhihirisha kapitalosenia kama pantoni ya anthroposenia ilitongolewa mintarafu ya lengo la makala haya. Kusudi kuu la makala haya lilikuwa kujadili namna kapitalosenia huvusha anthroposenia kutoka mataifa ya ughaibuni hadi barani Afrika katika riwaya nne teule za Kiswahili katika misingi ya kiuhakikimazingira. Baadhi ya nguzo kuu za nadharia ya uhakikimazingira, kama vile; uongozi mbaya, kifo na uwezo, utamaduni na mazingira, na utandawazi, ziliongoza uhakiki wa makala haya, mintarafu ya lengo la makala. Sababu kuu ya kuhakiki riwaya hizi ilikuwa kukidhia data ya tahakiki zinazohusu mchango wa kapitalosenia katika anthroposenia barani Afrika katika riwaya ya Kiswahili. Ilidhihirika kwamba, kando na mataifa yenye uwezo kuyanyonya yale fukara ya Afrika rasilimali asilia, taaluma, wataalamu, na watumwa kama wafanyakazi madhubuti, yanapujua mazingira ya Afrika bure na kwa hiari yao wenyewe. Ingawa unajisi huu wa kimazingira unaathiri utamaduni na jamii kwa jumla, chumi za Afrika zilidhihirisha udhoofu wa hali ya juu kutokana na kiwango cha ufukara unaokita mizizi katika nchi za Afrika
Ujitokezaji wa Viambishi vya Nafsi katika Kiarabu, Kitumbatu na Kiswahili
Get PDFMakala haya yanalenga kuchunguza ujitokezaji wa viambishi vya nafsi katika Kiarabu Kitumbatu na kuvilinganisha na Kiswahili. Lengo la uchunguzi huo ni kutaka kubaini jinsi vipengele hivyo vinavyoingiliana na kusigana. Hii inatokana na ukweli kwamba mapisi ya lugha ya Kiswahili na lahaja zake pamoja na lugha ya Kiarabu mpaka sasa hayajatindimaa kwa kuwa lugha hizi zilikuwa na mtagusano na muasala wa muda mrefu tangu 800 BK. Kutokana na hali hiyo, kumeibuka mitazamo kinzani juu ya uhusiano wa Kiswahili na Kiarabu. Kuwapo kwa baadhi ya maneno ya Kiarabu katika Kiswahili kumechochea hoja kwamba Kiswahili kinatokana na Kiarabu. Mjadala huo ni wa muda mrefu ambao unaendelea hadi sasa. Baadhi ya tafiti tangulizi zimebainisha idadi kubwa ya maneno ya Kiswahili yenye asili ya Kiarabu. Hata hivyo, mfanano huo wa kimsamiati baina ya Kiswahili na Kiarabu haujitoshelezi kutoa hitimisho juu ya chimbuko la Kiswahili. Baadhi ya watafiti waliochunguza maneno ya Kiarabu katika Kiswahili wamebaini kuwapo kwa asilimia kubwa ya mfanano wa kategoria ya nomino baina ya lugha hizi mbili kuliko katika kategoria zingine. Hivyo, pamoja na kuwapo kwa kategoria mbalimbali za maneno, utafiti huu umejibana kushughulikia jinsi viambishi vya nafsi vinavyojitokeza katika kategoria ya vitenzi vya Kiarabu, Kitumbatu na kuvilinganisha na Kiswahili. Hii ni kwa sababu kwa kuwa imeshatibitika kwamba, Kitumbatu ni miongoni mwa lahaja ya Kiswahili, ujitokezaji huo wa viambishi utatupa mwanga kati ya uhusiano wa Kiarabu na Kiswahili. Chanzo cha data za utafiti huu zimekusanywa kupitia usomaji wa nyaraka, vitabu na kamusi mbalimbali zilizoandikwa kuhusu kategoria hiyo. Vilevile, tulipitia nyaraka hizo ili kupata maarifa ya jumla kuhusu ujitokezaji wa viambishi vya nafsi kwa mujibu wa waandishi mbalimbali. Data zingine zilikusanywa uwandani kupitia mbinu ya usaili na hojaji kwa wazungumzaji wa Kiarabu na Kitumbatu. Aidha, utafiti huu umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Fonolojia Umbo Upeo kuanzia sasa (UU). Kwa ujumla matokeo ya utafiti huu yameonesha kwamba Kitumbatu kina uhusiano zaidi na Kiswahili kuliko Kiarabu. Hii ni kudhihirisha kwamba Kiswahili na Kiarabu ni lugha mbili ambazo hazina uhusiano wa kimnasaba kwa kuwa hazikuchipukia kutoka kwenye lugha yenye asili moja
Changamoto za Kuingiza Antonimu katika Kamusi Wahidiya za Kiswahili: Mifano kutoka Kamusi Kuu ya Kiswahili Toleo la Tatu (KKK3)
Get PDFMakala haya yamechunguza changamoto za kuingiza antonimu katika fasili za vidahizo vya kamusi wahidiya za Kiswahili. Data zilikusanywa maktabani kwa njia ya usomaji matini. Matini iliyosomwa kwa ajili ya mifano ni Kamusi Kuu ya Kiswahili Toleo la Tatu (KKK3). Vidahizo 379 kati ya 22675 vya KKK3 vilibainika kuwa vimetumia antonimu kufafanua maana zake. Vidahizo vilivyokusanywa vilitumika kama data kushadidia hoja. Data hizo zimechanganuliwa kwa kutumia mikabala ya kitaamuli na kitakwimu. Aidha, Nadharia Jumuishi ya Leksikografia aliyoiasisi Herbert Wiegand imeongoza uchanganuzi wa data. Nadharia hii imeegemea kwenye misingi inayohusu kujali mahitaji ya walengwa wa kamusi, matumizi ya maarifa ya nadharia nyingine nje ya leksikografia na kuangalia kamusi kwa kuzingatia kanuni asilia za wanaleksikografia tangulizi. Makala yamebainisha changamoto za antonimu kileksikografia. Mosi, ni kubadilika kwa kategoria ya kidahizo na antonimu. Pili, ni ukosefu wa urari wa idadi ya antonimu ndani ya kitomeo. Tatu, ni ukosefu wa urari wa mpangilio wa antonimu ndani ya vitomeo. Nne, ni kutozingatia alama za uakifishi. Tano, ni kuwapo kwa upendeleo wa kileksikografia. Sita, ni mpishano wa kidhana kati ya kidahizo na ufafanuzi wake unaohusu antonimu. Makala yanapendekeza watungaji wa kamusi wazingatie kanuni za kufafanua vidahizo vya kiantonimu kwa namna isiyomsumbua mlengwa wa KKK3 kuzing’amua maana zilizokusudiwa kumfikia
Nafasi ya Wahusika Jumui katika Ujenzi wa Maudhui: Mifano kutoka Riwaya za Kimajaribio za Kiswahili
No full textUtunzi wa kazi za sanaa huhitaji ustadi mkubwa katika uteuzi na usawiri wa wahusika. Kutokana na umuhimu wao katika kazi yoyote ile ya fasihi, wahusika husawiriwa kisanaa na mwandishi ili waweze kufanikisha ujenzi wa maudhui na vilevile kuwakilisha dhana mbalimbali zinazoakisi maisha katika jamii (Msokile, 1992). Tafiti nyingi zimefanywa kuhusu usawiri wa wahusika jumui katika riwaya za Kiswahili za kimajaribio lakini kwa uelewa wetu, nafasi ya wahusika jumui katika ujenzi wa maudhui haijashughulikiwa kikamilifu. Kwa mujibu wa hoja hii, makala haya yanajadili jinsi usawiri wa wahusika jumui katika riwaya teule za kimajaribio za Babu Alipofufuka (2001) na Dunia Yao (2006) unavyowasilisha maudhui ya kihalisia. Riwaya hizi ziliteuliwa kimaksudi kutokana na uwezo wake wa kutoa data yakini zilizotosheleza mahitaji ya utafiti huu. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya usomaji makini wa riwaya teule, kisha zikachanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo ya kinathari. Utafiti ulionesha kuwa wahusika jumui wametumiwa kujenga maudhui ya utandawazi, utamaduni mpya, utabaka, uongozi mbaya na sanaa mpya katika riwaya teule. Matokeo haya yataongeza maarifa ya uhakiki wa kitaaluma wa kazi za fasihi na utunzi wa kiubunifu
Itikadi za Ujinsia katika Maumbo ya Majina ya Kikuria
Get PDFMajina ni vipengele vya lugha ambavyo hutaja mtu, kitu, hali, mahali, dhana na tendo na huweza kufunua itikadi na matukio katika maisha ya wanajamii. Itikadi ni mawazo ambayo humwongoza kila mtu ulimwenguni katika kutenda anayotenda na hivyo kuhalalisha au kuharamisha matendo anayoyafanya. Makala haya yanajikita katika kuchanganua jinsi maumbo ya majina ya Kikuria katika jamii ya Wakuria iliyoko nchini Kenya hushamirisha itikadi za ujinsia. Itikadi za ujinsia ni imani, mielekeo na mitazamo inayoongoza jamii kuhusu mgawanyo wa majukumu kwa kuangalia jinsia. Lengo kuu la makala haya ni kuainisha jinsi maumbo ya majina ya Kikuria hudumisha na kuendeleza itikadi za ujinsia. Data iliyotumika katika makala haya ilikusanywa kwa njia ya mahojiano ya ana kwa ana na majadiliano ya makundi. Ukusanyaji na uchanganuzi wa data uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Onomastiki. Nadharia hii imekuwa dira katika kubainisha maumbo ya majina ya Wakuria na jinsi maumbo haya huakisi itikadi za ujinsia katika jamii ya Wakuria. Utafiti wetu uliweza kubainisha kuwa vipo vipashio ambavyo hudokeza jinsia na shughuli inayohusishwa nazo au nafasi yake katika jamii. Kwa misingi hii, utafiti wetu ulibainisha kuwa jinsia ya kiume kwa mujibu wa majina yao yaliyoteuliwa kiitikadi, ilitengewa shughuli na nafasi zilizoikweza ikilinganishwa na jinsia ya kike
Challenges of Translating Conversational Implicatures from English to Kiswahili using Computer Assisted Tools: A Case of \u27Google Translate\u27
Get PDFIn this study, we investigated challenges faced by computer assisted translation software with special focus on Google Translate, in translating conversational implicatures from English to Kiswahili. The data for this study were sourced from William Shakespeare\u27s play, “The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice” which has been translated to Kiswahili as “Othello, Tanzia ya Mtu Mweusi.” The data was informed by Grice’s (1975) conversational implicature theory, and the relevance-theoretic translation approach as postulated by Gutt (1991). To evaluate the quality of Google Translate computer assisted translation system, we made a comparison of the computer translated output with the human translated text to ascertain to what extent the meaning of the conversational implicatures in the source language is preserved in the target text. We further examined challenges encountered by Google Translate in the process of translating conversational implicatures and suggested what could be done to improve Google Translate method to ensure accuracy in translating conversational implicatures. The results indicate that, there is inferior translation quality of the target text with ambiguous words and sentences. Also, it was observed that it is challenging to translate conversational implicatures using Google Translate because it has not been programmed to process aspects of source culture or adapt to the aspects of target culture thus cannot correctly translate conversational implicatures. Besides that, other challenges posed range from lexical, syntactic, and semantic to pragmatic mismatch
The Allegory of Colonisation: (Re) Theorizing Dehumanization in Achebe’s "Things Fall Apart"
Get PDFThis paper examines symbolism in Achebe’s Things Fall Apart to unravel the two faces of colonisation in Africa. In Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, colonisation, on the one hand, is a symbol of conquest, subjugation and marginalisation of Umuofia clan and Igbo society by West and arguably, on the other hand, a symbol of the similar process for Africa. Therefore, this paper uses Historicism as an ideological praxis to examine the Umuofia-Igbo’s colonial encounter with the West while drawing some parallelism to Africa’s colonisation by the West. Artistically, Achebe has delved into the history to present colonial encounter with Africa, especially the Umuofia-Igbo society, the latter’s reactions to this crippling process and the far-reaching consequences on its social, political and economic organisation. In Achebe’s thinking, reflections and presentation “Things Fell Apart” for Umuofia-Igbo in the aftermath of this encounter. This paper contends that Africa’s encounter with the West from the late 18th century to the early 20th century is a similar narrative. Thus, Achebe utilizes proverbs, allegorical forms and anecdotes among other stylistic devices to underline symbolism to advance the colonisation narrative in Umuofia-Igbo and Africa at large. Indeed, the focus of this paper in most part is on the allegory of colonialism: The Double Edged Symbolism of Colonisation in Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Ultimately, the paper reiterates its central argument that colonisation in whatever form is racist, exploitative, impoverishing and dehumanizing to the colonized
Role of Tourism Policies on The Sustainable Development of Tourism and Hospitality Industry: A Review
Get PDFThe tourism and hospitality industry is one of the largest industries in the world generating a range of economic benefits although it is undergoing a number of challenges. This brings in the importance of sustainability in this industry, which has however remained as a complex challenge to the industry players. Despite this, there is less research effort that has looked at the tourism and hospitality policies at the global level and relate this to the Kenya tourism and hospitality policy and how it contributes towards sustainable tourism. For this paper review, the scooping review methodology was used to describe the tourism policies and sustainable tourism. Scoping review is an established method for evidence synthesis. This review sets out to provide a strategic view of the study of policy in tourism. The review has highlighted the importance of tourism policy in fostering sustainable tourism. The review highlights that the tourism and hospitality policy define a decision-making process where every country has its unique set of policies with different sets of objectives from where governance can be realised. The study also established several tourism policies adopted for development and sustainability in the industry which included purchasing policies, natural capital policy and Environmental conservation policies. Each of these policies have inherent weaknesses which occur due to climate change, costs of energy, risk factors that affect business performance, visitor arrivals, and the management of tourism resources. Kenyan tourism policy on sustainable tourism and hospitality guides the tourism and hospitality sector in Kenya. Other policy and legal instruments that have a bearing on tourism are The National Wildlife Conservation and Management Policy, Wildlife Conservation and Management Act 2013, Environmental Management and Conservation Act (EMCA) 1999, Climate Change Act 2016 and Public Private Partnership Act 2013. There are a number of provisions that allow the policy to enhance sustainable tourism in Kenya. Even though the existing policies play as significant role trying to ensure sustainability in the industry, policy integration and constant revision remains a priority
Sowing the Seeds of Tourism Growth among Peripheral Rural Communities: Evaluating the Contribution of Missionaries’ Guesthouses to Tourism Development in West Pokot County, Kenya
Get PDFDespite their many years of existence in rural areas offering services to rural recreationists, little is known about the contribution of missionaries’ guesthouses (MGHs) in West Pokot County to tourism development in the area. That is, despite their potential to support tourism growth in these rural areas which lack most basic tourism support infrastructures, these MGHs have not featured in discussions on spreading tourism to rural areas. This paper examined the potential Contribution of MGHs to tourism development and management in West Pokot County, Kenya. The study was guided by Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) Model developed by Butler in 1980. Sequential explanatory research design was employed integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population included 7,103 households, 550 on Missionary Guesthouses (MGHs) guests, 11 MGH managers, 11 MGH management committee members, 4 Church Income-Generating Unit (IGU) managers, and 2 county tourism officers in West Pokot County. A sample size of 369 households and 236 MGH guests was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table, while all key informants were included through a census approach. Simple random sampling was applied to select households and guests, whereas purposive sampling was used for key informants. Data collection utilized structured and semi-structured questionnaires for households and guests, and in-depth interviews for key informants. A pilot study was conducted to ensure instrument reliability and validity, with Cronbach’s Alpha used to test reliability. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, employing descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically to derive key insights into MGHs’ contributions to tourism. Findings indicate that MGHs play a significant role in supporting rural tourism. Stakeholders agreed that MGHs contribute to tourism viability (Mean = 4.266, SD = 0.490) and promote the county as a tourist destination (Mean = 4.255, SD = 0.563). They also provide essential resources, improve governance and management skills (Mean = 3.937, SD = 0.704), and serve as flagship tourism development projects (Mean = 4.048, SD = 0.532). However, infrastructure challenges persist, as indicated by the relatively lower mean score for accessibility improvements (Mean = 3.667, SD = 0.573). Guest perspectives further affirm the positive impact of MGHs on tourism. Over 80% of guests acknowledged their contribution to tourism viability and marketing of the region. Qualitative findings from key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) revealed that MGHs act as tourism incubators, setting quality standards, providing human resource training, and promoting a community-led tourism model. The study concludes that MGHs have played a transformative role in promoting community-based rural tourism in West Pokot County. Their contributions range from infrastructure development and skills training to tourism governance and marketing. The study recommends that in order to enhance rural tourism in West Pokot County, the county government should collaborate with missionaries to develop a locally relevant tourism policy aligned with community needs. Missionaries should take the lead in defining tourism service standards, developing tourism products, and providing hospitality training to local communities to improve service quality