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Usayansi wa Miiko ya Waafrika na Uhalisia wake kwa Jamii ya Kileo: Mifano Kutoka Jamii ya Wapare
Get PDFMakala haya yanahusu usayansi wa miiko ya Waafrika na uhalisia wake kwa jamii ya kileo. Mifano iliyorejelewa ni ya jamii ya Wapare wa Mwanga mkoani Kilimanjaro. Kutokana na dhima muhimu ya miiko katika ustawi wa jamii kimaadili, makala haya yanakusudia kuweka bayana usayansi wa miiko ya Wapare. Jambo hilo ni muhimu kwa kuwa, linashadidia hoja ya kuwa jamii haiwezi kutenganishwa na miiko kutokana na mwingiliano wa moja kwa moja kati ya jamii na miiko hiyo. Toka jadi, miiko imekuwa na dhima adhimu ya kusimamia maisha ya wanadamu kwa kuendeleza maadili yanayoiwezesha jamii kuishi kwa namna bora. Uzoefu unaonesha kuwa, miiko na jamii ni vitu visivyoweza kutenganishwa. Kwa hali hiyo, jamii isiyo na miiko haipo. Data kwa ajili ya makala haya zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya usaili huru na uchambuzi wa matini. Mbinu hizo ziliwawezesha watafiti kupata taarifa nyingi kuhusu usayansi unaodhihirika kwenye miiko na uhalisia wake. Nadharia ya Taalimu ina Kwao na Fasihi ina Kwao, ndio iliyotumiwa kwenye mwendelezo wa uchunguzi na uchambuzi wa makala haya. Matokeo ya utafiti wa makala haya yalionesha kuwa, miiko ya jamii ina uhalisia kwenye maisha ya jamii ya kileo kutokana na dhima zake. Pia ilibainika kuwa, miiko ina misingi madhubuti ya kisayansi na hivyo kudhihirisha mantiki kuwa, iliwekwa baada ya kufanyiwa tathmini na kuonekana kuwa ni ya muhimu. Kwa hali hiyo, jamii za Kiafrika zinahimizwa kuendeleza miiko yenye manufaa kwa jamii zao ili kuimarisha maisha ya kila siku
Orality and Informality in Video-Film Distribution in Kenya: The Case of Eldoret
Get PDFThe history of Cinema in Africa is clearly one of marginalization at all levels, including film making, distribution and access. As various film scholars have noted these processes of exclusion were closely tied to the colonial and imperialist interests of domination and exploitation and later the ideological concerns of the African postcolonial state which not only inherited colonial structures and policies but employed these instruments to privilege the political class and serve the interests of the powerful and wealthy citizenship. This paper examines the strategies employed by the traders marginalized from access to formal structures of distribution of films who have established informal modes of transaction with their equally economically disenfranchised clients in Eldoret town. We employ Erving Goffman’s (1959) dramaturgical framework to analyze data obtained through ethnographic field study involving interaction with traders and their clients in the streets of the town through observation, interviews and personal testimonies. Our findings are that (i) Informal trade in video is a consequence of marginalization in access to films (ii) There is a close link between informal trade in video films and the broader Jua Kali informal systems which can be traced back to strategies of coping in urban economies established by marginalized African populations during the colonial era (iii) Despite the digital transformation in the way cinema is produced and watched, the in-formalization of film distribution continues in Kenya and traders find innovative ways of linking with their clients (iv) Orality which has been part of the African cultural heritage of communication and social interaction remains an important mode of transaction in informal video trade in Kenya
Getting \u27Entangled\u27: A Chaos Theory Perspective on Crisis Management Practices in the Hotel Industry in Kenya
No full textEffective crisis management is paramount in the rapidly evolving global hotel industry. This study delves into a novel approach, applying chaos theory principles—the interconnectedness of factors, sensitivity to initial conditions, and the emergence of self-organising behaviours to unravel crisis management practices that can disentangle Kenyan hotels from chaotic situations that arise from crises. The research addresses a critical gap in existing literature, as prior studies have often overlooked the specific application of chaos theory principles within Kenya\u27s unique socioeconomic and cultural context. By adopting a chaos theory perspective, this research dissects the intricate and often unpredictable dynamics of getting entangled in crises in Kenyan hotels. The study\u27s methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of 510 management personnel from diverse star-rated hotels in Mombasa County, employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to validate the proposed theoretical framework. The findings confirm the significance of sensitivity to initial conditions and the emergence of self-organising behaviours in enhancing crisis management practices. The interconnectedness of factors did not significantly impact crisis management in this context. The results provide actionable insights for hotel industry professionals, policymakers, and scholars, offering a fresh lens to view and enhance crisis management practices tailored to the specific needs of Kenyan hotels. Specifically, hotels that are more sensitive to initial conditions and foster self-organising behaviours among their staff demonstrate more effective crisis responses and resilience. These results highlight the importance of proactive strategies that enhance sensitivity to initial conditions and promote self-organising behaviours, enabling hotels to navigate chaotic situations and disentangle from crises effectively. By embracing chaos theory principles, hotels can cultivate a culture encouraging autonomy, collaboration, and adaptability, strengthening their crisis management practices and ensuring resilience in the face of unpredictable challenges. Moreover, bridging this research gap contributes valuable knowledge that enriches the academic discourse and empowers the hotel industry stakeholders with practical strategies to handle crises
The Relationship Between Internal Marketing and Quality Service Delivery in the Hospitality Industry
Get PDFQuality service delivery forms the basis of customer satisfaction and loyalty, key aspects for the long-term sustainability of the businesses within the hospitality industry. This has made internal marketing one of the most important strategic methods to treat employees as internal customers. This study sought to establish the relationship between internal marketing strategies and quality service delivery; internal marketing tools and quality service delivery; managerial commitment and quality service delivery. The study was conducted through survey and explanatory research designs. The target population for the study included employees and managers from five selected star-rated hotels. Purposive sampling was used to sample five hotels for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to primarily ensure that the target population was adequately represented in the sample while simple random sampling was used to select the respondents in the study. A sample of 116 employees was used. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Correlations and multiple linear regression tests were adapted to appreciate the analysis of data through the statistical package for social sciences. Data from the interview schedules was analysed using content analysis. The data revealed that internal marketing is affected by factors related to: internal marketing strategies, internal marketing tools and managerial commitment in service organizations. The results showed that managerial commitment towards internal marketing had the highest significance on quality service delivery at β =0.729, (p<0.001) followed by internal marketing tools at β=0. 639, (p<0.001) and the least significant factor being internal marketing strategies at β=0. 601, (p<0.001). It was concluded that internal marketing would significantly be achieved when; managerial commitment, internal marketing tools and internal marketing strategies were enhanced. It is therefore very essential for service organizations to make keen considerations on ensuring loyalty at work, a sense of belongingness, employee recognition, regular employee appraisals, and giving managerial support to employees at work for quality service delivery to be effective. The researcher recommends that organizations should conduct an annual job satisfaction survey, incorporate work force in decision making, ensure a conducive working environment for employees, have an appraisal policy and procedure which should be continuous in the organization, reward systems be put in place for staff who perform satisfactorily in the organizations, and empower employees to ensure quality service delivery
Land-Use Change Analysis in Mt. Kenya Forest Landscape its Potential in Biodiversity Management Policing
Get PDFOn the matter of climate change and sustainability, natural vegetation, particularly forests, plays the single most important function. They are critical environmental regulators through their role as carbon sinks; notwithstanding their significance as drivers of ecosystem functions by acting as habitats for many species of flora and fauna. Understanding their spatial distribution and structure is, therefore, critical in making environmental decisions by governments and conservation actors. It is precisely important given the exponential population rise in areas adjacent to protected areas causing a corresponding rise in the demand for settlement and farming land, and its associated resources. Conducted in July 2021, this study sought to assess and provide spatial data on land use in the Mt. Kenya Forest complex, a major water catchment and bio-geographical region in Kenya. It broadly sought to investigate, through high-resolution satellite imagery, forest cover change in the landscape over the period 2008 - 2018. The major vegetation forms were also analyzed and documented. Supplemental data was derived from a systematic literature survey from scientific databases and reports along with grey literature sources. From the analysis, the first 5-year period, 2008 – 2013, reported a decrease of forest cover by -1.18%. However, the second phase, 2013 – 2018, recorded an increase in forested area by +1.5%. From a general point of view, the analysis reported a notable increase in forest cover and a decrease in non-forest land. This study concludes that biodiversity management policing and land use practices have an effect on sustainability of protected landscapes. With the understanding that rural communities are “custodians” of natural resources, the study recommends a balanced trade-off between forest resources exploitation and protection through continued implementation of the existing national and county natural resources and sustainability management policies. This study recommends further analysis of other main forest ecosystems in Kenya and using other habitat health indicators
Fasihi Simulizi kama Nyenzo Muhimu katika Taaluma ya Kitabibu (Afya)
No full textMakala haya yanakusudia kueleza jinsi fasihi simulizi ilivyo nyenzo muhimu katika taaluma ya kitabibu kwenye uelimishaji wa jamii na kutahadharisha kuhusu magonjwa Kama vile UKIMWI, UVIKO-19, Kaswende, Kisonono, Hepatitis B (Homa ya Ini B), Saratani, Kifua kikuu na Malaria. Aidha, yatajenga msingi wa ushirikiano baina ya wanataaluma wa Fasihi simulizi na wataalamu wa sekta ya afya katika utekelezwaji wa mpango wa Sera ya maendeleo na ustawi wa jamii. Si hivyo tu, bali yatasaidia kutanua wigo wa taaluma ya fasihi kuanza kutoa mwanga kwa wanataaluma na wadau wote wa fasihi simulizi kuzimulikia taaluma mbalimbali zilizopo kwenye jamii na jinsi zinavyoweza kuhusiana na fasihi katika ustawishaji wa maendeleo ya jamii husika. Pia kuitazama fasihi simulizi kwa jicho jipya linaloendana na kipindi tulichonacho cha maendeleo ya sayansi na teknolojia. Vilevile katika kuutazama mustakabali wa lugha yetu adhimu ya Kiswahili na fasihi yake kwa jumla, tunataraji kuona ushirikiano thabiti kati ya sekta ya afya na fasihi simulizi katika utoaji wa elimu zihusuzo kinga na afya kwa jamii ya nchi zote za Afrika Mashariki
Kufifia kwa Lahaja za Kiswahili katika Karne ya 21: Mfano wa Lahaja ya Kimakunduchi
No full textMakala haya yanachunguza mambo yanayochangia kufifia kwa lahaja za Kiswahili katika karne ya 21 kwa kutumia lahaja ya Kimakunduchi ya Kusini Unguja, kama mfano mahsusi. Lahaja hii, mojawapo ya lahaja kongwe za Kiswahili, imekuwa sehemu muhimu ya utambulisho, urithi na historia ya jamii ya Wamakunduchi. Lakini kwa sasa inakabiliwa na tishio kubwa la kupotea kutokana na sababu mbalimbali za kijamii, kiuchumi, kiteknolojia na kisera. Hoja kuu za makala zinajikita katika athari za upendeleo wa Kiswahili Sanifu katika mifumo rasmi kama vile elimu, utawala na vyombo vya habari, hali inayosababisha jamii kuitazama lahaja yao kama lugha duni au isiyo rasmi. Aidha, makala imeeleza namna mabadiliko ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikiwemo uhamiaji, ndoa mseto na maendeleo ya kiteknolojia, vinavyochangia vijana kuachana na matumizi ya Kimakunduchi katika mazingira ya nyumbani na kijamii. Aidha, makala imejikita katika uchambuzi wa kina kwa kutumia Nadharia ya Ikolojia ya Lugha ya Haugen (1972), ambayo inafafanua mahusiano baina ya mazingira ya kijamii na ustawi au kufifia kwa lahaja. Pia, taarifa kutoka tafiti ndogo zilizofanyika Zanzibar zinathibitisha mwenendo wa kupungua kwa idadi ya wazungumzaji vijana wa Kimakunduchi, jambo linalodhihirisha hali mbaya ya lahaja hiyo. Makala inapendekeza hatua za kuchukuliwa ili kuhifadhi na kuhuisha lahaja ya Kimakunduchi, ikiwemo kuweka sera madhubuti za elimu na utamaduni, kutumia teknolojia katika kuandaa maandiko na rekodi za lahaja, pamoja na kushirikisha jamii na wazee wenye ufasaha katika ufundishaji na uhamasishaji wa matumizi ya lahaja hiyo kama sehemu muhimu ya urithi na utambulisho wa Zanzibar
Ukiushi wa Taswira Dumifu za Uana katika Ugavi wa Kazi na Majukumu: Tathmini ya Hadithi Teule za Kiswahili za Watoto
Get PDFMakala hii inachunguza ukiushi wa taswira dumifu za uana katika ugavi wa kazi na majukumu kwenye hadithi za Kiswahili za watoto. Lengo kuu hasa ni kupambanua namna ambavyo ugavi wa kazi na majukumu kwenye hadithi teule za Kiswahili za watoto umekiuka taswira dumifu za uana. Nadharia ya Udenguzi ilitumika kuwa kiunzi cha nadharia na vilevile katika uchanganuzi wa data. Utafiti huu ulizingatia muundo wa kimaelezo na mbinu ya uhakiki makinifu wa matini. Data iliyotumika katika makala hii ilitokana na uhakiki wa hadithi 11 za Kiswahili za watoto. Hadithi zilizochanganuliwa zilisampulishwa kimakusudi kwa kuzingatia malengo ya utafiti. Uwasilishaji wa matokeo ya utafiti ulifanywa kwa kutumia maelezo. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanadhihirisha kuwa kazi kama vile ualimu, udaktari, uaskari, uanajeshi, urubani, ukulima, uhadhiri, ufanyi biashara, na uhakimu ulifanywa na wahusika wa kike. Aidha, majukumu kama vile kulima, kufyeka, kusukuma toroli, kulisha ng’ombe, na kuchunga mifugo yalifanywa na wahusika wa kike huku wahusika wa kiume wakitekeleza majukumu kama vile kuosha vyombo na kuandika meza. Kwa kuhitimisha, matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonyesha kuwa taswira dumifu za uana zimekiukwa katika ugavi wa kazi na majukumu, kwenye hadithi za Kiswahili za watoto. Makala hii hivyo basi inapendekeza matibaa, mashirika ya kuchapisha vitabu vya watoto na asasi za kiserikali zibuni sera na miongozo itakayohakikisha kuwa taswira dumifu za uana zinadhibitiwa hususan katika ugavi wa kazi na majukumu. Mwisho, makala hii pia imedhihirisha kuwa fasihi ya Kiswahili ya watoto ni nyenzo muhimu katika Jitihada za utatuzi wa migogoro ya kiuana ambayo huathiri mahusiano ya kijinsia katika jamii
Nafasi ya Nyimbo za Kizazi Kipya katika Kufundishia Masuala Mtambuko katika Mtaala wa Umilisi
No full textHitaji mojawapo katika Mtaala wa Umilisi nchini Kenya ni kuwa wanafunzi wanapaswa kufundishwa masuala mtambuko. Lengo la kuwafundisha masuala mtambuko ni kuwasaidia wawe wabunifu na wapate ujuzi wa kukabiliana na masuala haya katika mazingira yao ya kila siku. Mtaala huu unasisitiza kuwa mwalimu anapaswa kuwa mbunifu katika ufundishaji wake ili kukuza umilisi wa wanafunzi. Njia mojawapo ya kufundisha masuala kiubunifu ni kupitia matumizi ya nyimbo za kizazi kipya ambazo zina maudhui ya masuala mtambuko mbalimbali. Nyimbo hizi zinapendwa na vijana ambao hujihusisha nazo na wao huzisikiliza kupitia vyombo mbalimbali vya habari. Makala haya yanachanganua baadhi ya nyimbo za kizazi kipya na jinsi mwalimu anavyoweza kuzitumia kufundishia masuala mtambuko darasani ili kufikia malengo yake na matarajio ya jamii kwa ujumla. Nadharia iliyoongoza makala haya ni Nadharia ya Utekelezaji wa Mtaala iliyoasisiwa na Gross (1971)
Lugha na Muktadha wa Matumizi yake katika Sekta ya Kilimo nchini Tanzania
Get PDFMlolongo wa nyaraka za serikali, matamko na kauli za wanasiasa zinataja baadhi tu ya maeneo mahususi ya matumizi ya lugha Nchini Tanzania. Miongozo hiyo inaonekana kusisitiza zaidi hasa matumizi ya lugha katika mfumo wa elimu na mafunzo. Maeneo mengine ya utoaji wa huduma za jamii ikiwamo kilimo hayajapata kutolewa maelekezo kuhusu matumizi ya lugha. Matokeo yake ni vigumu kufahamu lugha gani inatumika katika muktadha upi wa utoaji wa huduma za kilimo. Hivyo, utafiti huu umechunguza lugha zinazotumika na muktadha wa matumizi yake katika sekta ya kilimo mkoani Morogoro nchini Tanzania. Kwa kutumia mbinu za hojaji, usaili na uchambuzi wa nyaraka, data zilikusanywa kutoka kwa wadau mbalimbali wa sekta ya kilimo na katika matini za utoaji wa huduma za kilimo. Uchambuzi wa data umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Ufanyaji Uamuzi ya Eastman (1983). Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanadhihirisha kwamba sekta ya kilimo inatawaliwa na hali ya wingilugha. Lugha zilizobainika kutumiwa katika utoaji wa huduma za kilimo ni Kiswahili, Kiingereza, Kifaransa, Kihispaniola, Kiluguru, Kipogoro, Kikagulu, Kinguu, na Kisagara. Hata hivyo, uwiano wa matumizi ya lugha hizo unatofautiana. Zipo lugha zinazotumika kwa kiwango cha juu na zingine kwa kiwango cha chini. Katika muktadha wa mashamba darasa lugha ya Kiswahili inatawala ilhali katika muktadha wa maduka ya pembejeo za kilimo na mfumo wa elimu na mafunzo, Kiingereza ndicho kinachotawala. Kwa hiyo, utafiti huu umehitimisha kuwa kuna haja ya kuwa na sera itakayoongoza matumizi ya lugha katika utoaji wa huduma za kilimo nchini Tanzania