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Unmasking the Avian Symbols of Power, Wisdom and Discord in African Leadership: A Case Study of \u27Parliament of Owls\u27
No full textThe paper analyses avian symbols of power, wisdom and dissension in African leadership delving into Adipo Sidang’s play; Parliament of Owls. The aim of this investigation is to discuss how African leadership has been adulterated symbolically anchored on a postcolonial approach. Adipo Sidang’ in his play he reveals African leadership discourse using avian symbolism to examine the complex roles of leadership, wisdom and discord within African governance. This study focuses on how different bird species such as; the owls, hornbills, parrots and grain-eaters, embody varied aspects of leadership and citizenship. Each of these birds offer insight into the tensions and responsibilities inherent in societal roles. The investigation was anchored on Postcolonial Theory. Two main tenets that guided the analysis are neocolonialism and poor leadership. The research was descriptive, explorative and qualitative in nature. Findings reveal a nuanced portrayal of leadership in conflict with ethical governance as well as a call for societal rebalance. This work will contribute to African literature especially to the canon of postcolonial studies
Kiswahili na Siasa: Uchanganuzi wa Ishara na Tamathali katika Tamthilia ya \u27Visiki\u27 Kisemiotiki
No full textMakala haya yanachunguza fasihi na siasa kupitia tamthilia ya Kiswahili. Lengo kuu la makala haya ni kuchanganua ishara na maana za kisiasa na jinsi zinavyojitokeza katika tamthilia ya Visiki kwa kutumia nadharia ya semiotiki, misimbo ya Barthes ya kiseme,kiishara na matukio. Kisemiotiki, ishara huathiri namna msomaji wa matini za kifasihi huishia kufasiri maana nasibishi ya kina ya matini. Tulifasiri ishara na uashiriaji katika tamthilia ya Visiki kwa sababu kisemiotiki, lugha ya kiishara huwa na uwezo wa kuwasilisha maana mbalimbali kwa njia ya uashiriaji. Kutokana na ufasiri huo wa ishara, makala haya yanajadili kuwa, wakati umefika ambapo siasa za bara hili zinastahili kubadilika na kuzingatia demokrasia za Kiafrika, haki za wapiga kura, za kibinadamu pamoja na kukumbatia maarifa mapya ya kisasa. Makala inahitimisha kwamba, Mataifa ya Kiafrika ni sharti yazinduke kisiasa na kukomesha lawama dhidi ya mataifa ya Kimagharibi kila yanaposhindwa kudhibiti hali nchini mwao
Matumizi ya Usambamba kama Nduni ya Kimtindo katika Kuibua Maudhui ya Dini katika Riwaya ya \u27Paradiso\u27
No full textMakala haya yanachunguza matumizi ya usambamba kama nduni ya kimtindo katika kuibua maudhui ya dini katika riwaya ya Paradiso. Tunachunguza miundo mbalimbali ya kiusambamba iliyotumika katika riwaya hiyo kuibua maudhui ya dini. Suala la dini ni la msingi katika jamii mbalimbali kwa vile dini imeshikamana na maisha ya kawaida ya wanajamii. Ndani ya mada ya jumla ya dini, riwaya hii inaangazia dhamira zinazoathiri jamii kama vile ufisadi na ujilimbikiziaji mali, ufungamano wa siasa na dini, pamoja na masuala ya kijinsia. Tulidondoa vifungu kutoka katika riwaya hiyo kwa mkono kwa sababu haipatikani kielektroniki. Data iliteuliwa kimaksudi kwa kulenga maudhui yanayohusu suala la dini. Katika ukusanyaji na uchambuzi wa data tumetumia Nadharia ya Uchimuzi. Orodha ya kategoria za kiisimu na kimtindo ya Leech na Short (2007) ilitumiwa kubainisha ngazi kuu za uchunguzi wa kimtindo. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonyesha kwamba usambamba ni njia kuu aliyoitumia mwandishi kuibulia na kusisitizia maudhui kuhusu dini. Usambamba huu unajitokeza katika ngazi za virai na vishazi na unahusisha aina mbalimbali kama vile anafora, epifora, tanakuzi na mjalizo. Usambamba wa aina ya anafora ndio umedhihirika zaidi katika riwaya ya Paradiso. Makala haya yanapendekeza kwamba usambamba wa kisintaksia unafaa kuhusianishwa na usambamba wa kileksika katika kuzichambua kazi za kifasihi za Kiswahili kimtindo
The Lonely Void: Protagonists Trapped by Apartheid in Self-Exile and Isolation in Athol Fugard’s ‘Port Elizabeth’ Plays
No full textThis article examines the interconnection between apartheid, exile, and isolation as reflected in the major characters of Athol Fugard’s ‘Port Elizabeth’ plays, also known as ‘The Family Plays’, because of their special focus on the family unit. It argues that Fugard’s dramatic vision consistently prescribes solidarity between white and coloured characters as an antidote to the alienation imposed by apartheid. Building on earlier scholarship (Rayner, 1976; Gray, 1982; Walder, 1984; Vandenbroucke, 1986; Colleran, 1988, 1995), the study treats apartheid as the root cause of the psychological exile and isolation that afflict Fugard’s protagonists in Hello and Goodbye (1965), The Blood Knot (1968), People Are Living There (1969), Boesman and Lena (1970), and A Lesson from Aloes (1981). Through close textual analysis informed by Freudian and Jungian psychoanalysis, the article demonstrates how apartheid engenders conditions of estrangement across racial categories, producing a shared sense of the void
Perceived Role of Local Stakeholders’ Networks on Sustainable Tourism Development in Selected Group Ranches in Amboseli Ecosystem, Kajiado County, Kenya
Get PDFSustainable Tourism Development (STD) has emerged due to the exponential growth of tourism, which has significantly impacted natural and socio-cultural resources. The need for sustainability, as highlighted in literature like the Brundtland Report, is critical. It is a general consensus that scarcity of resources is a problem facing tourism organizations the problem and this has prompted local businessmen to source for external resources in their networks. This corroborates the fact that networks present an important source of support for businesses. This study focused on the role of stakeholders’ networks in promoting sustainable tourism in the Amboseli Ecosystem, Kajiado County. A notable gap exists in information sharing and stakeholder networking, with existing frameworks primarily centered on conservation rather than STD. Stakeholders, including accommodation providers, local destination organizations, local communities, conservation organizations, the government, and travel organizers, play a crucial role in ensuring the longevity of sustainability initiatives. Networking offers solutions to industry challenges by fostering unified decision-making and addressing local resource and expertise deficiencies The study employed descriptive and explanatory research designs, targeting a sample population of 420 participants from different groups in the Amboseli ecosystem, including community members, lodge managers, Kenya Wildlife Service officials, and NGO representatives. Data were collected using questionnaires and structured interviews, analyzed through Pearson and Regression Analysis. Results showed that stakeholder networks significantly and positively influence sustainable tourism development (r=0.246, p=0.000). Collaborations among stakeholders and existence of community mobilization initiatives were proved to be an important component in fostering stakeholders’ networks in AE. The study recommendations include fostering stakeholder networks, capacity building for leaders, enacting legislation to involve local communities, forming societies for local tourism entrepreneurs to network, and collaborating with local universities and research institutions on sustainable tourism issues
Makosa ya Kimatamshi Yanayofanywa na Wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili wa Mkoa wa Mara nchini Tanzania
No full textMakala haya yamechunguza makosa ya kimatamshi yanayofanywa na wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili wanaoishi katika mkoa wa Mara nchini Tanzania. Suala hili linasababishwa na changamoto ambazo wanakumbana nazo wazungumzaji katika harakati za kujifunza Kiswahili ambayo ni lugha yao ya pili (L2). Hata hivyo, katika harakati za kuzungumza Kiswahili wazungumzaji hao wamejikuta wakikabiliwa na makosa ya udondoshaji wa baadhi ya sauti, uchopekaji wa sauti na ubadilishaji wa sauti. Dane (1990) anaeleza kuwa mwingiliano wa lugha unahatarisha lugha kwani husababisha lugha moja kubadilika, kuchanganyika na lugha nyingine hata kufa. Aidha, imebainika kuwa makosa hayo husababishwa na sababu kadhaa ambazo zimewafanya wazungumzaji hao kutumia kimakosa kanuni za lugha ya Kiswahili. Mbinu za mahojiano na dodoso zilitumika kupata data za utafiti huu. Uchunguzi huu umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Fonolojia Zalishi Asilia iliyoasisiwa na Chomsky na Morris (1968). Nadharia hii ilitusaidia kubaini makosa ya udondoshaji wa sauti, uchopekaji wa sauti, ubadilishaji wa sauti na sababu za kuwapo kwa makosa hayo. Khansir (2012) anabainisha kuwa kila lugha ina muundo wake wa sauti na mpangilio wa maneno. Uhamishaji wa muundo wa lugha ya kwanza katika lugha ya pili hudhihirika kama makosa. Kutokana na mwingiliano huo wanajamiilugha waliopo katika mkoa wa Mara wamekuwa wakizungumza lugha ya Kiswahili huku wakiwa wanakabiliwa na baadhi ya makosa
The Role of Circular Economy in Tourism Industry Sustainability: Critical Review of the Kenyan Tourism Industry
No full textDespite many countries considering tourism industry as their major foreign exchange earner, the industry contributes 9% of global greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are the leading contributor to climate change crisis. A large percentage of these GHGs, which pose serious environmental challenges that cannot be overlooked, emanate from anthropogenic factors (human activities) (Ruddiman, Vavrus & Kutzbach, 2020). Most developed countries have embraced circular economy (CE) in their operations to minimise the effects of climate change and to promote sustainable tourism to a great extent as compared to developing countries, Kenya included, yet a proper implementation of CE has been established to aid in scaling down operation costs, reduces the environment impact, helps in climate change mitigation, makes destinations more attractive, enhances customer experience consequently promoting sustainable tourism. The paper employed a content analysis research methodology to review and analyse existing academic literature and government policy documents on circular economy in Kenya and its impacts on tourism sustainability guided by four objectives; to explore the role of hotels in CE uptake; to establish the CE implementation gaps in hotels and to assess existing policy frameworks on CE in the tourism sector in Kenya. Content analysis was adopted because the study’s intent was to draw insights and conclusions from existing articles and journals on circular economy and tourism sustainability. Existing literatures were obtained from journals, government publications and articles on CE and tourism. From the literature reviewed, it was established that the concept of tourism waste management, a cornerstone of the CE is vital in minimising tourism environmental impact through waste reduction, recycling, and re-purposing activities. Secondly, the regenerative tourism, concept borrowed from CE encourages innovative waste management practices that contribute to the protection of the environment and local communities. In addition, the regenerative tourism underscores other responsible tourism concepts including sustainable tourism and ecotourism that advocates for environmental conservation and sustainable utilization of natural resources that support local ecosystems and contribute to their recovery. Lastly from the reviewed literature, CE is a tool for climate change mitigation through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by lessening demand for raw materials and new products, encouraging use of solar panels, wind and electric vehicles. This paper enriches the scholarly comprehension of the relationship between CE, tourism and climate change and proposes an integration of CE as an important tool for climate change mitigation, cost management and customer experience in hotels. Furthermore, the paper provides insights into CE practices, offer a guide to researchers on possible key areas of interest for further research
Uamili wa Ngazi ya Utambuzi katika Riwaya za Kiswahili
Get PDFMakala haya yanaangazia na kuchunguza dhana ya ngazi ya utambuzi na uamili wake katika riwaya za Kiswahili zilizoteuliwa makusudi kuukita na kuuendeleza mjadala unaodhamiriwa katika makala haya. Ngazi ya utambuzi ni mojawapo ya ngazi mbalimbali za ufokasi zilizopendekezwa na wananaratolojia kama vile Uspensky (1973) na Rimmon-Kenan (1983). Kimsingi, ufokasi ni mtazamo ambao huchukuliwa katika kuwasilisha simulizi na kuikuza hadithi tawala kwa ujumla. Ufokasi unajishughulisha kubaini ni nani anayeona kinachosimuliwa katika simulizi. Ufokasi ni istilahi iliyobuniwa na wananadharia ya naratolojia kurejelea kile ambacho katika uhakiki wa kijadi kilijulikana kama kitazamio. Abrams (1993) anaifafanua dhana hii ya ufokasi kuwa inarejelea jinsi hadithi inavyowasilishwa yaani, njia ambazo mwandishi anazitumia kusawiri na kuwasilisha kwa msomaji wahusika, dayalojia, matendo, mandhari na matukio yanayounda simulizi katika kazi ya bunilizi. Kwa upande wake, Hawthorn (2010:122) anasema kwamba, istilahi ya “kitazamio” haipambanui ni nani msemaji na nani anayeona na nini anachoona katika simulizi. Hii ndiyo sababu Genette (1972) alibuni istilahi hii ya ufokasi kama mkakati wa kuwezesha kutambua na kutofautisha kati ya msemaji na mfokasi katika simulizi za kifasihi. Kwa kujikita katika dhana hii ya ufokasi, msomaji au mchanganuzi anaweza kutambua pale ambapo mwandishi ndiye aliyeyashuhudia au anayeyashuhudia matukio au pale ambapo mwandishi anamtumia mmojawapo wa wahusika kuwasilisha ujumbe wake. Ili kutuwezesha kubainisha uamili wa ngazi ya utambuzi katika riwaya ya Kiswahili, data ya kuudhibiti na kuthibitisha madai ya mjadala tawala itatolewa katika riwaya za Kiswahili zilizoteuliwa makusudi zikijumuisha (C.S.L. Chachage, 2005), Nyuso za Mwanamke (S.A. Mohamed, 2010), Harufu ya Mapera (K. W. Wamitila, 2012), Hujafa Hujaumbika (F.M. Kagwa, 2018), Haini (Adam Shafi, 2002), na Ndoto ya Almasi (Ken Walibora, 2006). Uteuzi wa riwaya hizi unahalalishwa kwa misingi kwamba, hizi ni riwaya zilizo na matini pana zinazowezesha udondoaji wa mifano faafu inayodhihirisha ngazi za ufokasi na wakati huo huo kudhihirisha uamili wa ngazi hizo katika simulizi. Mjadala wa kimsingi katika makala haya umekitwa na kuongozwa na madai ya teneti za kimsingi za Nadharia ya Naratolojia ambayo inatambua ufokasi na uhusika kama vipengele muhimu katika uwasilishaji wa simulizi
‘Cooking’ Masculinity in The Digital World: A Look at @Amerix’s #MasculitySaturday
Get PDFThrough technology, the digital world has birthed a new space where people can connect with each other. This space has resulted in a shift where concepts are no longer static but constantly shifting. One of these concepts is masculinity. A social construct, the concept of what constitutes masculinity continues to shift as the digital world moves towards both diversity and inclusivity. This paper seeks to explore how a medical consultant, Eric Amunga, has appropriated the digital space to make commentary on various social aspects. Using his Twitter handle @amerix, Amunga runs #MasculinitySaturday, whose ‘teachings’ range from health, relationships, sex to parenting, all in a bid to ‘equip’ men with means with which to navigate manhood. With a following of over 1.2 million followers, this article argues that Amunga has not only created a platform for his ‘teachings’ but also an avenue for the world to engage. Through the ‘replies’ section, members are allowed to comment on the topical issues thus engaging in debate. I thus examine the aesthetics of this discourses and demonstrate how Amunga draws in, engage and sustains his following through New Media and how this relates to the postcolonial experience of the contemporary period in East Africa
Literary Writers and the Subaltern: (Mis)-representation of Some Marginal Groups in Selected Contemporary African Novels
Get PDFDominant literary conversations like post-structuralism have crowned the literary writer as an impartial and reliable voice for the voiceless in oppressive cultural settings. Since the marginal group is weak and cannot speak for themselves, the intellectual is given express authority to articulate their issues. Emerging voices have nonetheless questioned the author’s eligibility to speak for the marginal groups. Given the diversity typical of the marginal group, these voices doubt the author’s ability to perfectly represent it. This article extends the conversation that the literary writer lacks the capacity to speak for the marginal group because of their heterogeneity. Using the postcolonial concept of representation, the article overturns the literary writer’s articulation of issues affecting marginal groups in Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood, Nuruddin Farah’s Close Sesame, Brian Chikwava’s Harare North and Zukiswa Wanner’s London, Cape Town, Joburg. The ideas of Gayatri Spivak will form the theoretical basis of interpretation. One major finding of the study is that the author cannot perfectly represent the marginal groups without silencing some of them