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The Role Played by Machine Translation Platforms in the Development of Kiswahili Literature
No full textMachine translation is the translation of a text by a computer, with no or limited human involvement. Pioneered in the 1950s, machine translation can also be referred to as automated translation, automatic or instant translation. This is the process by which computer software is used to translate a text from one natural language (such as English) to another (such as Kiswahili). It is embedded in the areas of Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Computational Linguistics and Translation. Automatic translation of human languages is one of the earliest applications suggested for digital computers but turning this dream into reality has turned to be much harder, and in many ways a more interesting task than it appeared. Nevertheless, some degree of progress is being made every day and automatic translation is slowly moving towards becoming a daily reality. The aim of this paper is to show the progress that has been made in machine translation. We know that machine translation traditionally aimed at the translation of technical texts. However, in recent years there have been trials to use machine translation in translating texts from other spheres. Literary translation represents perhaps the strongest formulation of the of the machine translation problem. This paper aims to make a contribution in this specific area of machine translation
Uhusiano wa Sera ya Kielimu na Maendeleo ya Kiswahili Nchini Uganda kwa Kuegemea Nadharia ya Uchaguzi na Utekelezaji wa Lugha
No full textUganda ni nchi mojawapo iliyomo katika jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ambako Kiswahili ni lugha ya mawasiliano kutokana na kifungo 137 cha katiba ya jumuiya. Nchini Uganda kumekuwepo maandiko mengi kuhusiana na matumizi ya Kiswahili katika taasisi za kielimu ikiwa ni pamoja na ripoti ya Kajubi ya 1987, Government White Paper on Education ya 1992 pamoja na CURASSE [1] ya 2013 iliyopendekeza Kiswahili kuwa lugha ya lazima katika shule za msingi na za upili nchini kote. Pamoja na mapendekezo hayo yote, vyuo vyote vya taifa pamoja na vya kibnafsi vilichukua jukumu la kufundisha walimu ambao wamehitimu katika kufundisha Kiswahili katika viwango vyote vya kielimu. Pamoja na kuweko kwa walimu ambao wamehitimu kupitia vyuo hivyo, serikali haijatekeleza suala la kufanya Kiswahili kuwa somo la lazima katika shule za msing na upili. Kwa kuongozwa na nadharia ya uchaguzi na utekelezaji wa lugha pamoja na nadharia ya upangaji lugha, makala haya yanabainisha uhusiano wa sera ya kielimu na maendeleo ya Kiswahili ilivyo nchini Uganda na kupendekeza njia za kuinua hali hiyo. Data ilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya uchanganuzi wa matini zilizoandikwa kuhusu Kiswahili.
[1] CURASSE: Ni kifupisho cha Curiculum Reform Assesment and Evaluation
Misingi ya Mfumo Dume katika Jamii: Mfano wa Wahusika wa Kiume katika Tamthilia ya \u27Mke Mwenza\u27
No full textHarakati za kumkomboa mwanamke dhidi ya utawala wa kuumeni ni jambo ambalo limedumu tangu miaka ya 1960 ambapo shughuli za Tapo la Ukombozi wa Wanawake zilianza kupamba moto kote duniani. Katika taaluma ya fasihi, nadharia mahususi ya ufeministi iliundwa kwa lengo la kutumia fasihi kama jukwaa la kumuinua na kumkomboa mwanamke. Mojawapo ya malengo ya nadharia hii ni kuwahimiza wanafasihi kuunda mhusika kielelezo wa kike, anayesifika, na mwenye uwezo katika nyanja mbalimbali za kijamii. Je, harakati za Tapo la Ukombozi wa Wanawake pamoja na utekelezaji wa nadharia ya ufeministi yameathirije mfumo dume? Je, wahusika wa kiume bado wababe? Je, mfumo dume umepungua au unakithiri? Makala haya yanalenga kujibu maswali haya kwa kuchunguza sifa na tabia za wahusika wa kiume katika tamthilia ya ‘Mke Mwenza’ ya Nyaigotti-Chacha (1982). Kwa kutumia mkabala wa ufeministi wa Kiafrika, utafiti wetu umegundua kwamba mila, imani na mienendo ya kijadi, na hata ya kisasa inaendelea kumdhalilisha mhusika wa kike, huku akikwezwa mhusika wa kiume. Kwa jumla, mhusika wa kiume bado anadhihirisha mamlaka katika jamii
Challenges of Translating a Translation: The Role of Language, Culture and Ideology in \u27Shetani Msalabani\u27
No full textShetani Msalabani is the Kiswahili translated version of Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s novel Devil on the Cross, which was originally written in Gikuyu as Caitaani Mutharaba-ini. It was translated from English into Kiswahili by Clement Kabugi. It explores the extent and effects of neo-colonialism in independent Kenya as manifested in the political, economic and socio-cultural domains. The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges of translating the novel from English into Kiswahili and to examine the strategies used by the translator to deal with them. The paper focuses on the challenges arising from the influence of the source language and its culture, the target language and its culture, the author’s ideology and problems of the genre (novel) itself and how these affect the quality of translation. The paper evaluates the success of the translator in conveying the message and is guided by the principles of a Linguistic Theory of Translation as explained by Catford (1965)
Methali za Kiswahili katika Kukabiliana na Ufisadi nchini Kenya
No full textKero za ufisadi (kwa sasa) zimekuwa zikigonga vichwa vya habari katika vyombo vya habari na kuzungumziwa kila uchao nchini Kenya. Visa hivyo vimezagaa na vingali vinarindima katika maisha ya watu. Wananchi wanaonyesha dalili za kusinywa na vitendo hivyo na wamekuwa wakiitaka serikali kutoa adhabu kali zaidi kwa wote wanaoendeleza visa hivyo. Suala hili limekuwa likiwapiga ngeo wananchi; wanaposhuhudia wale wanaonaswa au kuhusishwa katika vitendo hivyo; hufikishwa mahakamani na kutokea milango wa nyuma. Hili si jambo la mzaha; inaashiria kuwa, matumizi ya nguvu hayajafua dafu na hazijawa mwafaka kama njia ya kukabiliana na janga la ufisadi. Athari ya ufisadi nchini Kenya zi tele; mshikamano wa watu unaendelea kumomonyoka, akina yakhe nao hawana cha kutumaini wala kutegemea na wanaendelea kumasikinishwa; nazo fedha za umma zinazotokana na ushuru zinaendelea kupotea pote! Makala haya yanajaribu kuelezea namna methali za Kiswahili zinavyobainisha sura mbalimbali za ufisadi kwa azma ya kuwaongoza wanajamii katika kujenga mikakati ya kukabiliana na janga hilo nchini Kenya kwa wakati wa sasa
Matumizi ya Kiswahili katika Bidhaa za Watoto Nchi Tanzania: Yaliyomo na Yasiyokuwamo
No full textMakala haya ni sehemu ya utafiti uliofanyika katika Jiji la Dodoma. Utafiti uliongozwa na malengo makuu matatu. Mosi, kubainisha bidhaa za watoto na kutoa tathmini ya jumla kuhusu hali ilivyo katika matumizi ya lugha ya Kiswahili. Pili, kuonesha lugha zinazotumika katika bidhaa za watoto. Tatu, kujadili umuhimu wa matumizi ya lugha ya Kiswahili katika bidhaa za watoto. Mbinu zilizotumika katika ukusanyaji data ni udurusu wa kimaktaba na ushuhudiaji. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kuwa Kiswahili hakijatumika kwa kiasi kikubwa katika bidhaa za watoto. Lugha za Kiingereza, Kifaransa, Kiarabu, Kichina na Kituruki zimeonekana kutawala katika bidhaa za watoto nchi Tanzania. Hali hii inakidunisha Kiswahili na kuzipa hadhi kubwa lugha za nje. Aidha, kwa upande wa walaji/watumiaji wa bidhaa, matumizi ya lugha za kigeni yanaweza kuwa hatari kiusalama kwa kuwa, wanatumia bidhaa ambazo hawajui matumizi yake kiusahihi
Politeness among The Swahili of Mombasa: A Family Perspective
No full textThis paper discusses politeness strategies within the Swahili community of Mombasa. It focuses on households and specifically on wife and husband interactions to discover what strategies are used and how effective they are. This paper argues that wives and husbands in Swahili households hold mutual feelings and affections that each must mind in communication. The paper uses the Politeness Principle (1978) that looks at politeness on a minimum maximum politeness scale in the relationship between speaker (self) and hearer (other). The six maxims proposed by Leech are discussed and it is shown how they guide a marriage to make it stable, fruitful and friendly, eventually a polite institution. Often in the Mombasa family units, requests are made indirectly and so are corrections. Affective use is also used to make the interactions fruitful. Politeness between the husband and wife seems to rest on a power balance where more politeness is expected of a wife
Translated Kiswahili Texts: A Case Study of Kithaka wa Mberia’s Texts
No full textTranslation is a complex exercise that involves not only transfer of meaning of linguistic aspects of translated texts but more importantly their literary aspects. This means that for a translator come up with the translated text that meets the knowledge, expectations and values of the target audience they must consider their historical and geographical contexts. This paper examined the plays written by Kithaka wa Mberia in Kiswahili and translated in English with a view by the writer to reach a wider audience. We have assessed the themes presented, linguistic and stylistic devices employed and the characters presented to see whether the knowledge, expectations and values of the target audience are met. Given that these texts are originally written in Kiswahili, it was important to see how the translator conveys the message to the wider audience targeted by the choice of use of English language. In our analysis we employed the Skopos theory of translation which focuses on translation as a purposive activity intended for a particular audience. The conclusion is that the translated texts have not to a great extent conveyed the intended message to the audience targeted as the translators focused mainly on the linguistic equivalents and to a large extent failed to meet the knowledge, expectations and values of the wider audience targeted
Ushairi wa Mnyampala kama Hifadhi ya Historia ya Jamii ya Tanzania
No full textUshairi wa Kiswahili una historia ndefu kuliko tanzu zote za fasihi andishi ya Kiswahili. Kutokana na historia hiyo, utanzu huu umeweza kutumiwa na waandishi mbalimbali katika kuhifadhi historia ya jamii na taifa kwa ujumla. Wataalamu wengi hasa wa tendi na ushairi mara nyingi hutumia tungo hizo, kueleza visa vya kihistoria. Waandishi walioandika kuhusu tenzi wameweza kuonesha historia nzima ya Tanzania na kutupa picha nzima ya vipindi mbalimbali vilivyopitiwa na Tanzania tangu ukoloni mkongwe na Kiarabu, Kijerumani, uhuru hadi Azimio la Arusha. Hata hivyo, wapo waandishi wengi wa Kiafrika walioandika kazi za ushairi wa Kiswahili, kabla na baada ya uhuru wakionyesha picha halisi iliyokuwepo katika jamii ya Watanzania kipindi hicho na kuonesha historia za watu mashujaa waliopinga udhalimu uliokuwa ukifanywa na wakoloni. Kadhalika, kutokana na uchunguzi wetu wa awali, kupitia ushairi wa Mathias Mnyampala, historia ya taifa la Tanzania imejibainisha zaidi. Mazingira hayo yametuchochea kutafiti zaidi ushairi wa Mnyampala na kuona namna historia ya Tanzania inavyojibainisha kwa uwazi. Hivyo basi, makala haya yanakusudia kuchunguza dhima ya ushairi wa Mnyampala katika kuhifadhi historia ya jamii kwa kuchambua kazi za ushairi za Mnyampala
Kiswahili na Ushairi: Dhima ya Upya wa Kiutunzi
No full textKiswahili, kama malighafi ya fasihi, kimekuwa na uwezo wa kuibua upya utunzi wa ushairi wa Kiswahili. Upya huu unaenda sambamba na mabadiliko na hatua zinazopigwa na jamii kadri ya mpito wa wakati. Ni upya unaozidi kunawirisha sanaa ya ushairi wa Kiswahili kiujumi na kiumbuji. Na tunapoangazia upya wa kiutunzi tunazungumzia lugha kama kiungo hai kinachoakisi miktadha halisi ya kihistoria. Licha ya miktadha hii kuathiri mawasiliano ya kawaida ya kila siku ya kisiasa, kiuchumi na kijamii, inaathiri pia usanii wa kifasihi. Usanii huu wa kifasihi unahusu viambajengo vya kimatini hasa mitindo ya uwasilishaji jumbe. Mitindo hii hudhibitiwa na vipashio vya kimofofonolojia, uradidi wa vipashio vya kiisimu na maumbo badalia ya kileksia yenye uamilifu wa kisintaksia na wa kisemantiki. Uamilifu huu ndio unaoupa ushairi wa Kiswahili upekee wa kiujumi na kiumbuji. Kwa jinsi hiyo, makala haya yanachunguza suala la upya wa kiutunzi kidaikronia katika ushairi wa Kiswahili. Lengo ni kudhihirisha nafasi na uamilifu wa Kiswahili katika kuibua maumbo na mitindo mipya katika utunzi wa mashairi ya Kiswahili