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Unraveling Dichotomies in The Indian Ocean World
Get PDFToday’s world is predominantly governed by a binary order that has estranged human beings from their natural environment. However, a fundamental paradigm change and ecological vision are increasingly being put forward by intellectuals and artists in order to sustain a viable planet. On the geographical and geostrategic levels, too, the changing force fields are inducing a reassessment of prevailing worldviews. The Indian Ocean is one such case in point. The literature, visual art, and concepts from Mauritius considered in this article problematize the culturally produced attitudes of human beings vis-à-vis their environmental counterparts, and question simplistic binaries such as land/sea, human/nonhuman, etc. They place emphasis on fluidity rather than rootedness, on connection rather than disjunction, and suggest new perspectives and modes of being. Informed mostly by an animistic cosmovision based on yogic notions that date back to pre-Vedic times and have condensed into what may be described as contemporary “Indian thought,” these novels and artworks explore alternative relationalities and reframe ontologies whereby environmental empathy, bonding, and interchangeability are expressed. This paper discusses the reconfiguration of the geopolitical framework as well as that of the imaginary and argues that a shift in perception is the key to redefining the relationship between the human and the more-than-human world
Dividual Processes of Worlding from Philosophical, Sociological, and Aesthetic Perspectives
Get PDFThis philosophical essay starts with an explanation of the concepts of “world” and “worldliness” in the philosophy of Heidegger in order to trace their transformation into processes of worlding in the philosophies of Deleuze & Guattari and Edouard Glissant. Their reinterpretations insist on the temporal, relational, and composite-cultural character of processes of worlding and on the necessity of the respective actors and agents becoming minor, other, multiple, and heterogeneous. Secondly, the essay traces the explanation of sociopolitical and digitalized processes in sociological and philosophical texts: the concept of “world society” as defined by the German sociologist Ulrich Beck, characterized as a positive form of transnational collaboration between different nongovernmental organizations. As in Deleuze’s negative assessment of digital control together with the constraint of personal flexibilization and dividuation in his final text (from the mid-1990s), the late Beck also provides rather negative descriptions of more recent processes of worlding. According to his analysis, these are provoked by global economic, technological, and political players and national interests exporting risks and catastrophes to neighboring countries, and subjecting certain people and populations to precarious dividual border existences. Finally, the text tries to uncover dividual processes as defined by Deleuze, including dividual processes in aesthetic articulations—in film, art, and exhibitions—due to their temporal, composite-cultural, and digital character and the inevitable mutual appropriations and resonances between these different aesthetic manifestations. Once again, using the concept of dividuation, this essay also diagnoses trends of aesthetic repetition and differentiation as well as of progressive homogenization due to international exchange and competition in the art sphere
East African Indian Writing and the Worlding of Diasporas
Get PDFThis paper proceeds from the understanding that artworks can constitute worlds that are different from present realities. In this process of world-making, art and literature, in general, constitute fictional spaces that either contest the existing ones or are relational to them. What this means, then, is that the process of “worlding” can equally be understood as that of undoing hegemonic formations and spaces. This article explores how diasporic writings produce political and cultural realities—imagined and utopic—that contest and transform relations based on national rootedness and territorial logic. I will use the term “world-making” to mean the artworks’ ability to contest and transform existing relations of power—whether or not these relations are subsumed under such categories as gender, religion, ethnicity, nation, class, or race—to call alternative temporalities into being. In this sense, I take diaspora-making as a constitutive process that seeks to challenge certain dominant premises,including capitalist globalization, that structure being in the world or being of the world
Mwingiliano wa Kanuni za Kimofosintaksia wa Ngeli Nomino za Luganda katika Matumizi ya Kiswahili Sanifu
Get PDFMakala haya yanalenga kuweka wazi mwingiliano wa kanuni za kimofosintaksia wa ngeli za Luganda katika matumizi ya Kiswahili sanifu. Utafiti huu unatokana na tafiti za awali zilizobainisha kuwa Kiswahili kinachozungumzwa na kuandikwa na Wanauganda ni kile kinachokiuka kanuni na miundo ya kisarufi ya Kiswahili sanifu. Aidha, Luganda na Kiswahili sanifu ni lugha za Kibantu ambazo hutumia mfumo mmoja wa uainishaji wa ngeli, na uwiano na tofauti za kanuni za matumizi ya ngeli kimofosintaksia huweza kusababisha mwingiliano baina ya lugha mbili tofauti. Data ya makala haya ilitokana na uchanganuzi wa mazungumzo na maandishi ya wanafunzi 117 wa shule za upili 15 teule wilayani Kampala, Uganda ambao L1 ni Luganda. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na mihimili ya usarufi bia na upatanifu wa nadharia ya Umilikifu na ufungamanisho (Chomsky, 1981) ambayo hudhihirisha hali ya vipashio fulani vya kisarufi kutawala na kumiliki vipashio vingine katika tungo. Kupitia kwa mijadala, usaili, uandishi na usimulizi wa insha na mijarabu ya kisarufi, matokeo yalidhihirisha wanafunzi kuhamisha, kuchanganya, kubadilisha, kuongeza na kujumlisha kanuni za kimofosintaksia za matumizi ya ngeli katika maandishi na mazungumzo ya Kiswahili sanifu. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanatarajiwa kuwaongoza walimu na wanafunzi wa Kiswahili kutambua mchango wa lugha asili katika matumizi, ujifunzaji na ufundishaji wa L2, kutofautisha kanuni za Luganda na Kiswahili sanifu na athari zake katika Kiswahili sanifu na uimarishaji wa matumzi ya Kiswahili sanifu
Usawiri wa Nduni za Shujaa na Nafasi yake katika kuibua Maudhui: Ukakiki wa Kisakale cha “Mukwavinyika”
Get PDFMjadala wa kuwapo au kutokuwapo kwa mashujaa wa Kiafrika ulichochewa na Finnegan (1970) aliposema kuwa Afrika, Kusini mwa jangwa la Sahara hakuna tendi zinazozungumzia habari za mashujaa. Kutokana na hilo, watafiti wa Kiafrika kama vile Johnson (1978), Okpewho (1979), na Mulokozi (1999) walifanya tafiti ili kumjibu Finnegan. Matokeo ya tafiti zao yamedhihirisha kuwa, Afrika kuna tendi zinazozungumzia habari za mashujaa na ushujaa. Pia, kumhusu shujaa wa Kiafrika, watafiti hao waliorodhesha sifa kadhaa anazotakiwa kuwa nazo shujaa wa Kiafrika. Sifa hizo ni shujaa kutoka katika tabaka lolote, kusaidiwa na wahenga au mizimu, kuungwa mkono na wanajamii, kuongozwa na sihiri na kuwa na nguvu zinazojumuisha nguvu za kimwili, kiakili, kivita na urijali. Hata hivyo, imezoeleka kwa watafiti wengi kuwa mashujaa wanachambuliwa kwa kutumia utanzu wa utendi (Mtega, 2017; Kazinja, 2017 na Mulokozi, 2017). Hili, zaidi ya mengine, limesababisha hata mashujaa hao kujulikana kuwa ni mashujaa wa kiutendi. Pia, kumekuwa na tafiti chache kuhusu uchambuzi wa mashujaa wa Kiafrika kwa kutumia tanzu nyingine za fasihi kama vile visakale. Kwa kutambua hoja hiyo, makala hii inakusudia kuchunguza nduni za shujaa na nafasi yake katika kuibua maudhui huku ikidondoa mifano kutoka katika kisakale cha “Mukwavinyika.” Makala hii, imeongozwa na Nadharia ya Sifa za Shujaa wa Kiafrika na data zake zimekusanywa maktabani na uwandani. Makala hii, imebainisha kuwa, sifa za shujaa zina mchango mkubwa katika kuibua maudhui yanayosawiriwa katika visakale vya mashujaa wa jamii husika
Ukamilifu na Utimilifu wa Kifasihi katika Maandishi ya Kubuni: Mfano wa Riwaya Teule za Said Ahmed Mohamed
No full textMakala haya yanalenga kuhakiki muwala au mshikamano wa viambajengo vya fani katika riwaya teule za Said Ahmed Mohamed: Dunia Mti Mkavu (1980) na Kiza Katika Nuru (1988). Uhakiki huu unahusisha viambajengo vinne tu vya fani: wahusika, msuko, mandhari na mtindo. Lengo kuu la uhakiki huu ni kuonyesha ni kwa vipi muwala au muumano wa vipengele vya fani unachangia kudhihirisha ukamilifu na utimilifu wa kifasihi katika kazi ya sanaa kupitia riwaya hizi. Kwa kufanya hivyo, mhakiki anachunguza iwapo riwaya hizi zinadhihirisha muwala wa vipengele vya msuko, usawiri wa wahusika, mandhari na mtindo, hivyo kumwezesha kufikia maamuzi iwapo riwaya husika zimefikia ukamilifu na utimilifu wa kifasihi. Matokeo ya utafiti huu ni kuwa ili kazi ya ubunaji idhihirishe ukamilifu na utimilifu wa kifasihi, ni sharti viambajengo vya fani vidhihirishe muwala au muumano. Katika mkabala huu, makala hii inadadavua jinsi riwaya ya Dunia Mti Mkavu (1980) inavyokosa muwala ikilinganishwa na riwaya ya Kiza Katika Nuru (1988), hivyo umaarufu wake kutopata uhai kifani kwa kiasi fulani, tofauti na vile Mazrui (1984) anavyogundua kwa upande wa maudhui. Halikadhalika, matokeo ya uhakiki huu yamedhihirisha kuwa, mpangilio dhoofu wa matukio kiwakati, unaathiri uumbaji wa wahusika na msuko wa matukio katika riwaya ya Dunia Mti Mkavu (1980) hali inayoinyima ukamilifu na utimilifu wa kifasihi kwa kiwango fulani, tofauti na riwaya ya Kiza Katika Nuru (1988)
Tafsiri ya Chata za Huduma: Nafasi ya Kukuza Msamiati na Istilahi za Kiswahili
No full textTangu kuzinduliwa kwa Katiba ya Kenya ya mwaka 2010, mashirika mbalimbali yamejihimu kutafsiri baadhi ya nyaraka zake kuu katika Kiswahili kutoka Kiingereza. Miongoni mwa nyaraka hizi ni chata za huduma. Chata ya huduma ni hati inayotaarifu umma kuhusu huduma zinazotolewa na asasi, idara ama shirika fulani mahususi; viwango vya huduma vinavyotarajiwa na jinsi wateja wanavyoweza kuwasilisha maoni ama malalamishi yao kwa lengo la kuboresha huduma hizo. Tathmini ya tafsiri za chata hizi za huduma inasawiri tafsiri hizi kama nafasi ya kukuza na kupanua msamiati na istilahi za Kiswahili hasa kutokana na umahususi wa kitaaluma. Katika makala haya, tunaangazia ndaro na changamoto katika tafsiri ya baadhi ya istilahi zinazotumiwa katika mashirika mbalimbali. Tunahoji kwamba huu unaweza kuwa mwanzo wa kukita istilahi na msamiati au kupanua matumizi ya baadhi ya maneno kuafikia msamiati na istilahi hizi mpya
Mikakati ya Kudumisha Hejemonia katika Siasa na Uchumi: Mfano wa Riwaya za \u27Dharau ya Ini\u27, \u27Msimu wa Vipepeo\u27, \u27Msururu wa Usaliti\u27 na \u27Majilio ya Mkombozi\u27
No full textMakala haya yanaangazia suala mikakati ya udumishaji wa hejemonia katika siasa na uchumi kama inavyodhihirika katika riwaya teule za Kiswahili. Makala haya yanachunguza ufanifu wa mikakati inayotumiwa na mabwanyenye kuendeleza na kudumisha hejemonia mintarafu ya riwaya za Msimu wa Vipepeo, Dharau ya Ini, Msururu wa Usalitina Majilio ya Mkombozi. Mihimili ya nadharia ya hejemonia inayofafanua jinsi watawala hudumisha utawala wao kwa kutumia mikakati mbalimbali ilitumika katika kuhakiki data. Aidha makala haya yanatoa hamasisho kwa wanajamii kuhusu mikakati inayotumiwa na viongozi kuwashawishi raia waendelee kuunga mkono utawala uliopo hususan katika hali ambapo kihalisia wanafaa kuukosoa na kuupinga
Uhusika wa Kitoto katika Vibonzo Jongevu: Mbinu ya Kisanaa ya Kuivuta Hadhira ya Watoto
No full textMakala haya yanajadili matumizi ya uhusika wa kitoto katika kazi za Vibonzo Jongevu na uumuhimu wake katika kuivuta hadhira ya watoto. Uchunguzi uliozaa makala haya uliongozwa na malengo makuu matatu. Mosi, kuchunguza mbinu za kitoto zinazotumika katika kazi za Vibonzo Jongevu. Pili, sababu za kutumika kwa mbinu hizo. Na tatu umuhimu wa mbinu hizo kwa hadhira ya watoto. Kazi teule zilizotumika ni za Ubongo Kids, The Adventures of Abney and Teal na Dora the Explorer. Uteuzi wa kazi hizi ulisukumwa na ukweli kuwa watunzi wake hutumia mbinu nyingi zenye mwegamo wa kitoto na hivyo kuivuta sana hadhira ya watoto. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya Mwitikio wa Msikilizaji ambapo mtafiti alitumia baadhi ya misingi ya nadharia katika kuchambua na kujadili data zake. Kwa jumla, imebainika kuwa watunzi wa Vibonzo Jongevu hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za kitoto katika utengenezaji wa kazi zao. Mbinu hizi ni pamoja na matumizi ya wahusika watoto, rangi za kuvutia, matendo ya kitoto, motifu za kitoto na uchanganyaji wa wahusika. Ni wazi kuwa, matumizi ya mbinu hizi yamelenga kuongeza idadi ya hadhira na mvuto wa sanaa kwa hadhira ya watoto
Ufundishaji wa Fasihi-Tafsiriwa kwa Kiswahili katika Vyuo Vikuu nchini Kenya
No full textFasihi-tafsiriwa zinafunzwa katika idara za Kiswahili za vyuo vikuu nchini Kenya. Aidha, zimekuwa zikifuzwa kama mojawapo ya kozi za lazima au ya hiari. Baadhi ya wanafunzi huliendeleza somo hili kwa kufanyia utafiti katika shahada ya uzamili na uzamifu. Kozi hii hufundishwa kama kozi inayojisimamia au baadhi ya vitabu teule hujumuishwa katika kozi za fasihi ya Kiswahili. Swali ni, malengo ya kufundisha kozi hizi ni yepi katika idara za Kiswahili za vyuo vikuu? Aghalabu mafunzo hayo hugusia zaidi maudhui yanayowasilishwa na kunga zalizotumiwa katika uwasilishaji. Azma ya makala hii ni kutathmini namna fasihi-tafsiriwa ya kigeni inavyofuzwa katika Idara za Kiswahili katika vyuo vikuu nchini Kenya. Kadhalika, imependekezwa namna ufunzaji huo unavyoweza kuelekezwa zaidi katika kukabiliana na upungufu uliopo