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Translanguaging Practice in the Teaching and Learning of English and Kiswahili in Kakuma Refugee Camp School
Get PDFThis study discusses translanguaging practices in the teaching and learning of English and Kiswahili in Kakuma refugee camp school in North Western part of Kenya. The aim of the study was to explore how teachers draw on their students’ entire linguistic repertoires in the teaching and learning of English. This study was guided by translanguaging theory. Through a case study approach, semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and unstructured interviews, data were collected and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that although teachers use translanguaging in the teaching and learning of English and Kiswahili in Kakuma refugee camp school, they do not utilise it effectively as a teaching pedagogy. The findings of this study are consistent with other studies carried in refugee camps that have indicated that translanguaging facilitates the teaching and learning of new languages used as language of teaching and learning in the host countries. The findings of this study may inform the need to recognise translanguaging as a legitimate teaching pedagogy in the language-in-education policy in Kenya and in refugee camp schools in Kenya
The Impact of Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (K.I.C.D.) in the Growth of Literary Genres: The Case of the Kiswahili Formal Essay and Short Story
No full textKenya Institute of Curriculum Development (K.I.C.D.) is a government organization that is charged with the responsibility of deciding what is taught in Kenyan institutions of learning. They have a broad mandate to oversight curriculum at the level of Pre School, Primary Schools, Secondary Schools and Technical Institutions. In regard to curriculum issues universities both public and private have their own mechanisms which are over sighted by the Commission for Higher Education. The Decisions made by K.I.C.D. in regards to selection of texts that will be used in institutions has a serious ramification in terms of encouraging writing in the said genres or even competence since learners cannot in the first place understand what they have not been exposed to. This paper focuses on the Formal Essay in Kiswahili Language that has not had the advantage of being an examinable literary type in the Kenyan system and also makes a brief reference to the Kiswahili Short Story. The reference to the Kiswahili short story has been made because it was preceded by others in the secondary school curriculum. The effect of excluding a genre in the schools\u27 curriculum has the effect of enhancing its growth while the effect of excluding a genre results in its stagnation. These decisions have far reaching effects as we shall see in the discussion on this paper
Exercise of Innocuous Power by Female Characters in Selected African Prose Fiction Works
Get PDFThis study looks at how female characters in Nawaal El Saadawi’s God Dies by the Nile (2007), Mariama Ba’s Scarlet Song (1986), Assia Djebar’s Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade (1993), Chinua Achebe’s Anthills of the Savannah (1987)and Bake Robert Tumuhaise’s Tears of my Mother (2013) use non-aggressive types of power to negotiate for social relevance. The study is justified by the fact that African theorists on feminism have increasingly been replacing belligerent ideas found in first and second wave of Western feminism with accommodative versions of African feminisms. The paper therefore seeks to understand how female characters acquire and exercise power without resorting to militancy. Nego-feminism, a coinage of Obioma Nnaemeka, is one such variant of African feminism that forms the theoretical framework of the study. The study located the acquiescent subalternity associated with female characters within the authors’ intention of demonstrating that African feminism is not equivalent to a battle of the sexes but is instead a way of creating complementarity between male and female characters. The paper argues that the form of power exercised by female characters is non-confrontational but nevertheless effective in the creation of a complementary interaction between male and female characters in the texts
Vyanzo vya Mitengo ya Wahusika Mashujaa katika Tungo za Kitendi za Kiswahili: Uchunguzi wa Riwaya-Tendi ya \u27Siri Sirini\u27
Get PDFKifasihi, mitengo (umoja ‘mtengo’) inajumuisha kutengwa na kujitenga kwa wahusika mashujaa katika muktadha wa kisaikolojia, kiutendaji na kimazingira (Hegel, 1949; Seeman, 1959; Durkheim, 1964; Chiduo na wenzake, 2016). Utokeaji wake katika namna mbalimbali umefanya hata vyanzo vyake kuwa ni mahuluti, mintarafu ya tafiti zilizopo ambazo zimejikita zaidi katika mitengo ya kimazingira (Propp, 1968; Kunene, 1985; Senkoro, 1997; Michaux, 2003). Suala hili ndilo limechochea makala hii ambayo inachunguza vyanzo vya ujitokezaji wa mitengo mbalimbali ya wahusika mashujaa kupitia utungo wa Siri Sirini. Nadharia ya Mtengo na Mkabala wa Kitaamuli umetumika kuchanganua data za utafiti huu. Vyanzo vilivyobainika kusababisha mitengo ya wahusika mashujaa ni pamoja na suala la hofu ya kiongozi mkuu kwa shujaa, shujaa kutoridhishwa na utendaji wa kisiasa, mwito binafsi wa shujaa kitaifa, utanguzi wa miiko ya kimila na shujaa kukwepa uhasama wa kiakraba. Makala imepanua maarifa kuhusu mambo yanayoibua mitengo ya wahusika mashujaa wa tungo za kitendi, kwani imefanikiwa kujumuisha vyanzo mbalimbali vinavyosababisha mitengo ya namna zote (ya kijiografia, kiutendaji na kisaikolojia) kwa ujumla wake. Matokeo yamepanua pia ufafanuzi wa dhana hii ya mitengo katika fasihi na imetambulisha ufaafu wa nadharia ya ‘Mtengo’ katika uchambuzi wa kazi za kifasihi
Reinvention of Lyre Music and Dance for Knowledge Preservation and Political Mitigation: The Case of The Bukusu of Kenya
Get PDFThe role of music and dance in both modern and indigenous African societies cannot be overemphasized. Music and dance accompany almost every African human activity right from birth to death. Among the variety of songs that accompany musical instruments in indigenous African societies is the lyre music and dance, which is found amongst ethnic groups such as Abagusii, Kuria, Luo, Baganda and the Luhya in East Africa. Despite its significant role in the society, lyre music and dance is seen as a tool for entertainment by some scholars (Karyu, 1991 & Odenyo, 2005). This study therefore sought to investigate the role of lyre music and dance in knowledge preservation and political mitigation among the Bukusu of Kenya in the face of societal change; an area of study that has received little attention from scholars. The study employed exploratory and descriptive design, whereby data were collected through in-depth face to face interviews, focus group discussions, non- participant observation, pictorial, audio and video recording. The multimodal theory of discourse analysis (Kress, 2012) was applied in data analysis, which comprised of texts, contexts and artefacts. Findings reveal that despite the changes in society, lyre music and dance among the Bukusu still remains an important social space for knowledge preservation and political mitigation. The study recommends that the Bukusu lyre music and dance should be preserved and managed for future generations and that future research should consider other types of musical arts that are used by the Bukusu and other speech communities for knowledge preservation and mitigation of societal issues
Uchanganuzi wa Sitiari za Bahari katika Methali za Waswahili
Get PDFMakala hii inachanganua sitiari za bahari katika methali za Waswahili. Methali ni mojawapo ya vipera vya fasihi simulizi. Kufuatia ujio wa maandishi na teknolojia, vipera vingi vya fasihi simulizi vilianza kutiwa katika maandishi na kuwa fasihi andishi pia. Kwa mujibu wa Simiyu (2011), ni semi fupi zinazosheheni mafumbo juu ya ukweli wa maisha ya binadamu, naye Mieder (2014) anasema sifa kuu za methali ni ufupi wake, uthabiti na uasili. Fasihi simulizi ya kila jamii huakisi mazingira, utamaduni na mwono-ulimwengu wao. Katika fasihi simulizi zao, mila, desturi na maadili yao pia hujitokeza. Mazingira ya Waswahili yana mchango mkubwa katika kuumba fasihi simulizi yao, methali zikiwemo. Mazingira ya minazi, bahari, vyombo vya bahari, samaki, visima na vitu vingine vinavyopatikana katika mazingira ya Waswahili ndivyo huumba methali zao. Vitu hivi hutumiwa kistiari katika methali zao na kupanua maana za vitu hivyo kifasihi. Makala hii inachanganua sitiari za bahari ambayo ni sehemu mojawapo ya mazingira ya Waswahili
Tathmini ya Binadamu na Mazingira katika Riwaya ya \u27Nakuruto\u27
No full textMakala haya yalinuia kudhihirisha jinsi binadamu huingiliana na mazingira yake katika riwaya ya Nakuruto ya mwandishi maarufu – Clara Momanyi – na mwenye mwelekeo chanya dhidi ya mazingira kama inavyodhihirika katika matini yake. Uhakiki huu uliongozwa na baadhi ya nguzo kuu za nadharia ya uhakikimazingira, kama vile, utamaduni na maumbile, binadamu dhidi ya maumbile, maadili ya mazingira, baina ya zingine kadhaa. Momanyi aliandika matini ya Nakuruto wakati ambapo kazi za fasihi ya kimazingira zilikuwa haba. Binadamu katika shughuli zake za kila siku, huweza aidha kuyatunza au kuyachafua mazingira. Mara nyingi ni uchafuzi ambao hutekezwa zaidi kuliko uhifadhi. Hili lilidhihirishwa na tathmini hii, ambapo ilibainika kuwa mwanadamu amekuwa akiyapuuza mazingira, lakini jinsi muda unavyosonga mbele ndivyo ameanza kumakinikia na kuajibikia mazingira. Uajibikaji huu umeimarisha uhifadhi wa mazingira kama inavyodhihirika katika riwaya ya Nakuruto.Uhakikimazingira ni usomi wa fasihi na mazingira kwa kujikita katika mwelekeo unaohusu maeneo ya taaluma zaidi ya moja. Hivyo, kwa msingi huu, makala haya yaliafikia kutathmini matini ya Nakuruto ambayo ina masuala ya kimazingira na kujaribu kumaizi jinsi ambavyo Momanyi amedhihirisha mchango wa binadamu katika mazingira kisanaa
Ubainishaji wa Viashiria vya Kiujumi katika Riwaya ya Kiswahili: Uchunguzi wa Riwaya Teule za Kimajaribio
Get PDFMakala haya yanabainisha viashiria vya kiujumi katika riwaya ya Kiswahili yakijiegemeza katika riwaya teule za kimajaribio. Msukumo wa kushughulikia viashiria vya kiujumi katika riwaya ya Kiswahili ya kimajaribio unatokana na kuwapo kwa madai kuwa riwaya za mkondo huu kama vile Nagona (1990) na Mzingile (1991) za Kezilahabi hazina maana katika jamii ya Afrika Mashariki (Mbatia, 1998). Hii ina maana kuwa riwaya za mkondo huu hazina ujumi wowote katika kuleta maendeleo kwa jamii ya Afrika Mashariki. Riwaya kuwa na maana huanzia katika sababu za kuandikwa kwake Jones (1994). Kutokana na mpishano huo wa mawazo, tuliona ipo haja ya kuchunguza ujumi wa riwaya hizi za kimajaribio ili kubainisha viashiria vya kiujumi katika riwaya za Kiswahili. Ili kufikia matokeo ya utafiti huu riwaya teule mbili yaani Bina-Adamu! (2002) ya Wamitila na Dunia Yao (2006) ya Mohamed zilihakikiwa. Data kutoka uwandani zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu za usomaji, mijadala ya vikundi na usaili. Data zilitoka kwa watoa taarifa wasomaji ambao ni wanafunzi wa Shahada ya Awali na Umahiri katika Kiswahili kutoka Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili ya Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam. Vilevile wandishi wa riwaya husika kutoka Nairobi Kenya na Wete Pemba walihusika kutupatia data. Makala yaliongozwa na Nadharia ya Mwitiko wa Kiujumi. Kwa kutumia mkabala wa kitaamuli tulichambua, tulichakata na kuwasilisha data. Matokeo yanaonesha kwamba riwaya za Kiswahili za kimajaribio zina viashiria vya kiujumi ambavyo vinadhihirisha ujumi wa riwaya hizi. Ujumi huo una mchango mkubwa sana katika firka za wasomaji kwa maendeleo ya Afrika Mashariki. Aidha, makala haya yanatia chachu kwa tafiti nyingine kuchunguza mbinu zinazowasaidia waandishi na wahariri kuukamilisha ujumi wa riwaya hizi
Tathmini ya Matumizi ya Istilahi za Kitehama kwa Wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili: Mifano Kutoka kwa Watumiaji wa Simu nchini Tanzania
Get PDFMakala haya yanaangazia hali ya matumizi na kukubalika kwa istilahi za kitehama za Kiswahili za simu za mkononi miongoni mwa wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili nchini Tanzania. Data za uwandani zilikusanywa kutoka kwa watoa taarifa 68 katika kata za Kimara na Ubungo, Manispaa ya Ubungo, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data zilikusanywa kwa mbinu ya usomaji wa matini, hojaji na usaili. Nadharia ya Ulinganifu wa Kiathari ilitumika kuongoza utafiti huu. Matokeo ya utafiti yamechambuliwa kwa mkabala wa kitaamuli na kitakwimu. Matokeo ya tathmini yanaonesha kuwa, upokelewaji wa istilahi za Kiswahili za programu za simu za mkononi, una mambo mchanganyiko miongoni mwa wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili. Baadhi ya istilahi zinakubaliwa na nyingine ama hawazielewi au hawazikubali. Wanaikubali istilahi hizo, wanatoa sababu mbalimbili zikiwemo urahisi na uelewekaji wa istilahi za Kiswahili. Sababu nyingine ni ugumu wa istilahi za Kiingereza zilizopo katika programu za simu. Kwa upande mwingine, sababu zinazowafanya baadhi ya watumiaji wa simu kutozikubali istilahi za Kiswahili wanaona kuwa, ni ushamba kutumia Kiswahili kwenye simu iliyowekewa Kiingereza tayari. Pia, wanaiona lugha ya Kiingereza kuwa ni lugha ya Kimataifa. Hivyo, makala haya yanapendekeza kwamba, kuna haja ya kutathmini michakato ya uundaji wa istilahi za programu za simu, kuwashirikisha watumiaji wa simu wanaozungumza Kiswahili ili kuunda istilahi kubalifu
Mahusiano ya Vijana wa Jinsia Tofauti katika Nathari za Kiswahili
Get PDFVijana ni wanajamii walio na umri kati ya watoto na watu wazima. Tabaka hili la wanajamii hukabiliwa na changamoto nyingi. Changamoto hizi hutokana na jaribio lao la kujitambulisha na kujiandaa kwa majukumu ya utuuzima. Changamoto hizi ni pamoja na namna ambavyo vijana wa kike hupaswa kuhusiana na wenzao wa kiume. Vijana wengi hukuza mahusiano haya, mengi yakiwa ya kimapenzi bila ya kujua namna ya kuyaendesha. Matokeo ya mahusiano haya aghalabu huwa ni kuvuruga maisha yao. Suala hili limesawiriwa na waandishi wa nathari za Kiswahili; riwaya sawa na hadithi fupi. Nathari hizi zimeitikiana na kulingana kwa kiwango kikubwa katika usawiri wa jambo hili. Ulingano huu ndio umechunguzwa katika makala haya kwa kuongozwa na nadharia ya usemezano. Makala yamebainisha kuwa kuna usemezako kati ya riwaya na hadithi fupi katika kuonyesha mahusiano ya vijana wa jinsia tofauti. Riwaya moja na hadithi mbili zimetumiwa katika makala. Riwaya ni ile ya Taswira za Mawingu(2011). Hadithi nazo ni ‘Kanda la Usufi’ kwenye diwani ya Damu Nyeusi na Hadithi Nyingine (2007) na ‘Mapenzi ya Kifaurongo’ katika diwani ya Tumbo Lisiloshiba na Hadithi Nyingine (2016). Makala yamechunguza ni kwa kiwango gani nathari hizi zimeshughulikia mahusiano ya vijana kwa namna inayolingana