Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Viña del Mar
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Anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and pulmonary function in an elite Chilean triathlete: A case study
No full textThe objective of this study was to describe the anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and lung function in a high-performance Chilean triathlete ranked first in the national ranking. For this, the body composition profile proposed by Kerr, the somatotype according to Carter and Heath, lung volumes with spirometry according to the criteria of the ATS/ERS, the maximum dynamic inspiratory strength (S-index), the maximum inspiratory flow (FMI) and the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) with a treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated. The results showed 50.30% (30.28 kg) of muscle tissue, 21.46% (12.92 kg) of adipose tissue, a musculoskeletal index of 4.4, and a balanced mesomorphic somatotype (ENDO 2.0 – MESO 5.1 – ECTO 2.3). The VO2max was 77 ml/kg/min, the S-Index was 189 cmH2O, the FIM was 10.1 l/sec, the FEV1 was 4.08 l, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) was 153 l and a maximum expiratory flow (FEM) of 584 l. In conclusion, the triathlete has a high level of muscle tissue and optimal percentage of subcutaneous body fat with a balanced physical form towards the muscle component. An outstanding cardiorespiratory capacity, inspiratory strength and lung function represents a great adaptation to the endurance tests that make up triathlon, especially swimming on inspiratory strength. Morphofunctional changes associated with the high-performance sports discipline are observed
Nivel de actividad física y estado de ánimo en universitarios durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19
No full textIntroducción: La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha generado problemas de salud física y mental en los universitarios.
Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre nivel de actividad física y estado de ánimo en estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19.
Métodos: Participaron 215 estudiantes universitarios, edad 22,09 ± 2,61 (108 mujeres y 107 hombres) durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19. Fueron aplicados instrumentos en formato digital durante el mes de junio del año 2020. El nivel de actividad física se evaluó utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), forma corta, y el estado de ánimo se evaluó con la Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo (EVEA).
Resultados: Estado de ánimo alegría presentó una correlación positiva significativa con todas las variables de actividad física, excepto con tiempo sentado. Estado de ánimo tristeza-depresión presentó una correlación negativa con equivalente metabólico de actividad física vigorosa (r -0,201; p= 0,003) y equivalente metabólico total (r -0,172; p= 0,011). Estado de ánimo ansiedad se correlacionó negativamente con equivalente metabólico de actividad física vigorosa (r -0,163; p= 0,017) y equivalente metabólico total (r -0,162; p= 0,018).
Conclusiones: El nivel de actividad física se relaciona positivamente con el estado de ánimo, principalmente con el nivel de alegría, sin embargo, estas correlaciones presentan un tamaño del efecto pequeño
Propuesta de un modelo de aseguramiento de la calidad y mejora en base a las normas ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 e ISO 45001:2018 para el proceso de materiales y equipos de la compañía Cnpc Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited CCDC sucursal Ecuador
No full textEl presente proyecto final de grado se realiza en el área de materiales y equipos de la empresa Cnpc Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited con la finalidad evaluar y mejorar el sistema de gestión de la calidad ya existente y complementarlo con la gestión ambiental y de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. El objetivo es proponer un modelo de aseguramiento de la calidad y mejora con base en las normas ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 e ISO 45001:2018, mediante la determinación y diagnóstico de los criterios de aceptación y un plan de cierre de brechas. El estudio se sustenta en autores como Cantú (2011), Senge (2018), Summers (2006), Gutiérrez (2010), así como; en los lineamientos de las normas ISO. Como instrumentos de recopilación de datos se elabora listas de verificación y como técnicas de procesamiento de la información están el análisis GAP, Diagrama de Ishikawa y Diagrama de Pareto. En el desarrollo del trabajo se describe el proceso por medio de un diagrama de flujo, se determinan los criterios de aceptación y se elabora la caracterización del proceso. De los resultados de las listas de verificación se descubren los fallos del sistema, se detecta un nivel de madurez básico y se realiza el análisis GAP donde se propone las soluciones para corregir las falencias. Se elabora el diagrama Ishikawa para encontrar las causas principales y con el diagrama de Pareto la frecuencia de donde se desprende que los pocos vitales son problemas con documentos como procedimientos incompletos o inexistentes, y complicaciones en provisión de material ya sea por trabas en jerarquía o programación inadecuada. El trabajo concluye con un plan de acción con operaciones y plazos de ejecución de acuerdo a la prioridad acertada. Y se recomienda analizar costos, involucrar a todo el personal y continuar con el ciclo PDCA
Comparación del consumo alimentario y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre basquetbolistas de distinto nivel competitivo
No full textIntroducción: Los hábitos alimentarios y la salud mental son aspectos fundamentales para optimizar la preparación y el rendimiento deportivo de los basquetbolistas.
Objetivo: Comparar la frecuencia en el consumo de alimentos y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) entre basquetbolistas de distinto nivel competitivo (profesional, universitario y amateur).
Material y métodos: Estudio transversal que evaluó 122 basquetbolistas masculinos (edad media de 30,60 + 10,79 años), distribuidos en jugadores de básquetbol profesional (JBP; n=25), universitario (JBU; n=26) y amateur (JBA; n=71). Las variables de estudio se evaluaron a través de encuestas en línea referentes a la frecuencia en el consumo de alimentos y CVRS (SF-36).
Resultados: Los JBP ostentan un consumo significativamente mayor de cena (F= 5,007; p= 0,020) comparados con los JBU, y de frutas (F= 5,857; p= 0,012), verduras (F= 3,756; p= 0,020) y cena (F= 5,007; p= 0,011) respecto a los JBA. Mientras que los JBU presentan un consumo significativamente mayor de frutas (F= 5,857; p= 0,035) que los JBA. Además, los JBU presentaron un consumo significativamente mayor de bebidas azucaradas (F= 9,293; p= 0,004) respecto a los JBP y JBA. La CVRS no presentó diferencias significativas entre los grupos.
Conclusión: Los JBP presentan mayor frecuencia en el consumo de alimentos saludables al compararlos con JBU y JBA. Además, los JBU reportan mayor frecuencia en el consumo de bebidas azucaradas respecto a JBP y JBA. Mientras que, la CVRS es positiva independiente al nivel competitivo de los basquetbolistas
Age-dependent Knee Joint Isokinetic Profile in Professional Male Soccer Players
No full textBackground: The knee-joint isokinetic profile (KJIP) injury risk factor may be modulated by chronological age, however, comparative data for elite male soccer players aged 25 years and older is lacking. Objective: To describe and compare the knee-joint isokinetic profile (KJIP) according to the chronological age of professional male soccer players. Method: In a cross-sectional study design, sixty-three soccer athletes from the first Chilean soccer division (A-series) were divided into younger and older groups (age ≤ 25 years; n = 35 and age > 25 years; n = 28, respectively). In both groups the IPKJ was assessed at 60°.s-1 in concentric mode. Results: The older group had lower extensor peak torque (p 10 % for both groups. The extensors SI showed values > 10 % for mean power, although only in the older group. Conclusion: Several differences in the KJIP were noted between professional male soccer players aged ≤ 25 years and > 25 years. Current results offer injury prevention insights, discussed in the current manuscript
Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity of Mobile Applications to Assess Change of Direction Speed
No full textThis study aimed to assess the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of mobile applications for assessing change-of-direction speed (CODS) performance. Thirty college athletes performed two Illinois CODS tests during one session. Assessments were carried out simultaneously using six devices (the CODTimer app, Seconds Count app, StopwatchCamera app, two analog stopwatches, and timing gates). Validity analyses included Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis, a linear regression model, and Bland-Altman plots. Reliability analyses included the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the coefficient of variation (CV%), and the paired-sample t test. Sensitivity analyses included the typical error and smallest worthwhile change (SWC). The results showed that validity, reliability, and sensitivity values were higher for the CODTimer app (r = 0.99, R2 = 0.99, mean bias = −0.03 ± 0.10, CV% = 3.21, ICC = 0.89, SWC rating: good, p = 0.84) and the Seconds Count app (r = 0.99, R2 = 0.99, mean bias = −0.03 ± 0.08, CV% = 3.28, ICC = 0.88, SWC rating: good, p = 0.84) relative to the StopwatchCamera app (r = 0.98, R2 = 0.97, mean bias = −0.11 ± 0.22, CV% = 3.43, ICC = 0.86, SWC rating: marginal, p = 0.10), Analog Stopwatch 1 (r = 0.98, R2 = 0.96, mean bias = −0.09 ± 0.42, CV% = 2.95, ICC = 0.90, SWC rating: good, p = 0.91), and Analog Stopwatch 2 (r = 0.99, R2 = 0.97, mean bias = −0.12 ± 0.88, CV% = 3.51, ICC = 0.87, SWC rating: marginal, p = 0.96). In conclusion, compared to timing gates, the CODTimer app and Seconds Count app provided lower measurement bias and higher sensitivity for assessing CODS performance
Impact of social and physical factors on psychological well-being under covid-19 lockdown in taekwondo athletes: A cross-sectional study
No full textIn sports and taekwondo in particular, it is of interest to understand the impact of sociodemographic and physical factors of athletes during this period, as well as their impact on psychological health. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels, demographic factors, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Taekwondo athletes. Seventy-eight male Taekwondo athletes (35 ± 14.6 years) at national and international levels participated in an online survey during the COVID-19 Lockdown period in September 2020. The factors analyzed included expertise, socioeconomic status, education, and physical activity levels. The main findings of this study indicated that university education level was significantly associated with both well-being and lower distress (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03). Similarly, athletes with a moderate level of physical activity showed a significant association with their state of well-being (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03) and absence of distress (χ2 = 10.5; p = 0.00). However, no significant associations were found between technical level and age category with well-being or distress. Our findings showed that the lockdown negatively affected both total physical activity levels and psychological well-being in Colombian Taekwondo Athletes. A higher educational level allows for a greater understanding of the situations presented during the pandemic, and the level of physical activity is a determinant of the mental health of athletes
Study the Effect of Relative Energy Deficiency on Physiological and Physical Variables in Professional Women Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textEnergy deficits are often observed in athletes, especially in female athletes, due to the high expenditure of sport and strict diets. Low energy availability can cause serious health problems and affect sport performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different personalized dietary plans on physiological and physical factors related to energy deficit syndrome in female professional handball players. Twenty-one professional female handball players, aged 22 ± 4 years, 172.0 ± 5.4 cm and 68.4 ± 6.7 kg, divided into three groups (FD: free diet; MD: Mediterranean diet; and AD: high antioxidant diet), participated in this 12-week randomized controlled trial. Energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry, energy availability, 7 day dietary intake analysis, blood pressure, cholesterol, menstrual function, body composition by both anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance, and strength performance were assessed. All participants showed low energy availability (<30 kcal/lean mass per day); despite this, all had eumenorrhea. Significant improvements were found after the intervention in all components of body composition (p < 0.05). In the remaining variables, despite slight improvements, none were significant neither over time nor between the different groups. Low energy availability has been observed in all professional female handball players, which may lead to serious consequences. A longer period of intervention is required to assess the differences between diets and improvements in other parameters
“Yo quiero, yo puedo". Proyecto piloto de acompañamiento y promoción de los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres madres con discapacidad
No full textLas mujeres con discapacidad son y han sido discriminadas en el ejercicio de sus derechos reproductivos y en su rol de madre, ésta se manifiesta tanto en la decisión y en el ejercicio de ser madres, ya que son cuestionadas en muchos casos por sus familiares, la comunidad y el personal que trabaja en las instituciones públicas. Quienes ponen en duda su capacidad para cuidar de otros por su condición de discapacidad, limitándolas o impidiéndoles ejercer sus derechos reproductivos y ejercer su rol de madres. El objetivo del proyecto es profundizar en la discriminación que vivencian las mujeres con discapacidad en relación al ejercicio de sus derechos reproductivos y su rol de madres, desde una perspectiva de los diferentes actores involucrados en la comuna de Recoleta, y proponer posibles soluciones para facilitar el ejercicio de los derechos reproductivos y el rol de madres
Validity and Reliability of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Older People in Response to Physical Exercise
No full textBackground: Currently, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no standardized protocol to measure the effect of low- to moderate-intensity physical exercise on autonomic modulation focused in older people. Aim: Validate a test–retest short-term exercise protocol for measuring the autonomic response through HRV in older people. Methods: A test–retest study design was used. The participants were selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. A total of 105 older people (male: 21.9%; female: 78.1%) were recruited from a local community. The assessment protocol evaluated HRV before and immediately after the 2-min step test. It was performed twice on the same day, considering a time of three chronological hours between the two measurements. Results: The posterior distribution of estimated responses in the Bayesian framework suggests moderate to strong evidence favoring a null effect between measurements. In addition, there was moderate to robust agreement between heart rate variability (HRV) indices and assessments, except for low frequency and very low frequency, which showed weak agreement. Conclusions: Our results provide moderate to strong evidence for using HRV to measure cardiac autonomic response to moderate exercise, suggesting that it is sufficiently reliable to show similar results to those shown in this test–retest protocol