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Slaves ou esclaves ? Observations à partir d’un manuscrit de l’an mil
No full textInternational audienc
Les défis de la communication RSE : étude de cas longitudinale d’une plateforme d’equity crowdfunding
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Les Journées Rencontre Recherche & Parties Prenantes de l'Anses : un dispositif novateur d'ouverture de l'expertise sur les risques sanitaires et environnementaux
No full textVersion "manuscrit auteur accepté". À paraître dans Natures Sciences Sociétés (2025, 33, 2) sous licence CC-BY - En attente de la préparation de copie avant publicationInternational audienceThis article looks back at the Journées Rencontre Recherche & Parties Prenantes (JRP), a participatory science initiative organized by the Anses and the Association Sciences Citoyennes between January and June 2024. The JRPs were designed to bring "undone research questions" to the fore through workshops bringing together civil society actors, economic stakeholders, and researchers. We start by reviewing back at the origins of this device and the concrete operations of the three days that took place on the topics of nanomaterials, biotechnologies and radio frequencies. We then analyze some of the strengths and limitations of these days. More specifically, the JRPs aroused the enthusiasm of the participants and allowed the emergence of relatively dense collective discussions that focused both on the scientific dimensions of the problems addressed and on the political dimensions surrounding the relationship between expertise and public decision-making. However, they also revealed certain asymmetries in the interests represented, which may have influenced the debates, an uneven level of expertise between the days, which weighed on the research questions produced, and a certain lack of clarity about the final objectives, which may have limited commitment. These observations suggest that the JRP should be extended, albeit with some organizational changes. To this end, we propose an alternative model inspired by the theoretical work of Philip Kitcher (2011) on the democratization of research funding.Cet article revient sur les Journées Rencontre Recherche et Parties Prenantes (JRP), un dispositif de science participative organisé par l'Anses et l'association Sciences Citoyennes entre janvier et juin 2024, qui avait vocation à faire émerger des questions de recherche « non-faites » à travers des ateliers réunissant des acteurs de la société civile, des acteurs économiques et des chercheurs. Nous revenons d'abord sur les origines de ce dispositif et le déroulement concret des trois journées qui ont eu lieu respectivement sur les sujets des nanomatériaux, des biotechnologies et des radiofréquences, avant d'analyser quelques points forts et quelques limites du dispositif. Nous proposons ensuite un modèle alternatif pour améliorer les JRP sur la base de notre analyse et des travaux théoriques de Philip Kitcher (2011) sur la démocratisation du financement de la recherche
Tell me what you cook and I'll tell you who you are. A study of the influence of the representations and identities of aspiring chefs on their intentions to reduce meat in favour of plant-based dishes
No full textInternational audienceFaced with increasing recommendations for a more plant-based diet, the catering sector is particularly affected. This study investigates how future chefs' representations and identities (professional or otherwise) influence their intentions to offer less meat-based and more plant-based menus, either by reducing meat in dishes or replacing meat-based dishes with vegetarian options. Theories of representations and multiple identities were chosen to study how future chefs may or may not consider to reduce the amount of meat in their menus, in relation to the literature that shows links between representations, identities, and relationship with meat. Culinary students from two French schools (n = 286) were investigated. Participants' representations of the effectiveness of pro-environmental measures in restaurants were analysed using t-tests, while the association of identities on intentions to reduce meat was examined with bivariate and multivariate regressions. The results indicate that future chefs perceive meat reduction in favour of plant-based products in the offer (dishes, menu) less favourably than other measures (e.g., favouring local sourcing, limiting waste, etc.). Furthermore, environmental, food, and cultural identities are associated to future chefs' intentions to reduce meat in favour of plant-based products. Theoretical and managerial implications are suggested, as well as perspectives for future research
Fast Large Deformation Matching with the Energy Distance Kernel
No full textInternational audienceWe propose an efficient framework for point cloud and measure registration using bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms, achieving O(n log n) complexity, where n is the number of points. By leveraging the Energy-Distance (ED) kernel, which can be approximated by its sliced one-dimensional projections, each computable in O(n log n), our method avoids hyperparameter tuning and enables efficient large-scale optimization. The main issue to be solved is the lack of regularity of the ED kernel. To this goal, we introduce two models that regularize the deformations and retain a low computational footprint. The first model relies on TV regularization, while the second model avoids the non-smooth TV regularization at the cost of restricting its use to the space of measures, or cloud of points. Last, we demonstrate the numerical robustness and scalability of our models on synthetic and real data
Caractérisation locale et automate minimal de la forme normale alternante dans le monoïde de tresse standard
No full textThe alternating normal form of braids is a well-known normal form on the standard braid monoid. This normal form is regular: the language it identies with is regular. We prove a new characterization of this normal form and its associated language using easily computable braid invariants. This allows us to build its minimal automaton, whose size we compute, both in terms of number of states and of transitions, depending on the number of generators of the monoid. This characterization is also a rst step towards proving stronger results on the alternating normal form, in particular its automaticity
Construction de l’objet de la recherche
No full textInternational audienceL’objet d’une recherche consiste en la question générale à laquelle cette dernière souhaiterépondre, l’objectif que l’on veut atteindre. C’est en quelque sorte la réponse à laquestion : « Qu’est-ce que je cherche ? » L’objet est un élément clé du processus d’investigation: il traduit et cristallise le projet de connaissance, son objectif. Et c’est au traversde l’objet que le chercheur interroge les aspects de la réalité qu’il souhaite découvrir,qu’il tente de développer une compréhension de cette réalité ou qu’il en construise une.L’objectif de ce chapitre est de fournir quelques pistes pouvant aider le chercheur à élaborerl’objet de sa recherche. Dans cette perspective, nous définissons dans un premiertemps ce que nous entendons par objet de recherche et montrons qu’il peut revêtirdifférentes significations en fonction des postulats épistémologiques et ontologiquesdu chercheur. Nous abordons dans un second temps les différentes voies par lesquellesélaborer un objet de recherche et présentons différents points de départ possibles.Nous décrivons enfin quelques parcours de jeunes chercheurs afin d’illustrer lesdifficultés et le caractère récursif du processus de construction de l’objet de recherche
Who run the world : le paradigme écoféministe pour une visibilisation d’autres modes d’entrepreneuriat
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A global approach to detecting and characterizing water leakage in a concrete bridge deck: Parametric study to validate an adapted Full-Waveform Inversion method
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of this study is to address issues related to defects in waterproofing membranes through the use of Ground Penetration Radar to detect water leakage into the concrete layer of bridge decks. Given that processing radar signals based solely on temporal data introduces significant estimation errors, an advanced method optimized from Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) is employed. This method accounts for several unknown factors, including boundary conditions, antenna positioning inaccuracies, and approximations inherent in 2D modeling during the inversion process. The method is adaptable and capable of reconstructing both the dielectric and geometric parameters of a multilayered structure with any number of layers and unknown parameters using just a few A-scans (up to 10, depending on the number of parameters and layers). In contrast, other methods typically require several hundred A-scans. This efficiency is achieved due to the two-dimensional nature of the layer system. Additionally, the simplicity of the structure facilitates a much faster and more straightforward inversion algorithm, hence making these features especially advantageous for practical applications. The optimized Full-Waveform Inversion approach allows for an accurate determination of unknown parameters within a multilayered medium. The high accuracy of this method is validated through a direct comparison with experiments, wherein the exact parameters are known. Such an approach enables the attainment of a low relative error using the currently available measurement device
