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    Pratiques (interdisciplinaires) de la recherche géo-légale

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    Journées d’étude pluridisciplinaires Droit(s) et Territoire(s) – Regards croisés des sciences juridiques et territoriales, dans le cadre du projet ARAPT du CIST-CNRS FR2007, Campus Condorcet, Paris-Aubervilliers, 8-9 décembre 2022International audienc

    On the Design of Torsion-Free Gridshells

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    International audienceConnection nodes are usually the costliest elements of gridshells because of their geometrical complexity. Their fabrication might be significantly simplified if they have no geometrical torsion. Literature has therefore focused on developing geometrical structures with null torsion, such as conical and circular meshes, and on associated generation methods. The meshes are closely linked with principal curvature and therefore give limited freedom to the designer. This paper investigates two approaches which allow for the design of torsion-free or quasi torsion-free gridshells for any planar quad mesh. The first approach is based on the theory of parallel transformation to define a torsion free layout. It tries then to fit nodal axes with surface normals. The second approach accounts for fabrication tolerances and use this additional freedom to build quasi torsion-free layout aligned with surface normal. It is based on the theory of conical meshes and is aimed at helping designers quantify torsion a priori. Especially, the freedom offered by tolerances for deviating a quadrangular pattern from principal curvature nets is quantified and illustrated in two case studies

    Dislocations and plasticity of KTaO3 perovskite modeled with an interatomic potential

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    International audiencePotassium tantalate KTaO3 is a cubic, paraelectric perovskite ceramic that exhibits surprising ductility at room temperature as most recently reported. Much like strontium titanate (SrTiO3), plastic deformation is accommodated by dislocations gliding in {110} planes. In this work, we propose a new interatomic potential for KTaO3, and apply it to model dislocations with ⟨110⟩ Burgers vector. We demonstrate that dislocations dissociate, and finely characterize their core structure and Peierls potential. Dislocations of edge character can carry a positive or negative electric charge, but we show that charge-neutral configurations are energetically more favorable. We also perform high-resolution electron microscopy to validate our simulation methodology. Comparing our results with other ductile perovskites, we confirm KTaO3 to be ductile, but stiffer than SrTiO3. Published by the American Physical Society 202

    Un îlot paradoxal de résistance face à la managérialisation du monde

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    Dès son émergence, le management a imposé une grille de fonctionnement au sein des entreprises, autour de concepts (rationalité, efficacité, performance, évaluation), de raisonnements (déterminisme, juridisme) et de valeurs (responsabilité individuelle, contrôle hiérarchique, changement permanent). Ce cadre de pensée a séduit et s’est rapidement diffusé dans des organisations non marchandes (publiques ou non) et, plus largement, dans la société dans son ensemble (famille, loisirs). Cela a donné l’Efficiency Craze des années 1920, le New Public Management des années 1970 ou le management de soi des années 1990. Dans cette logique, le nouveau millénaire a fait de la start-up connectée par les outils des Gafam un nouvel horizon, acmé de la managérialisation du monde, de la vie privée à la politique.Non sans paradoxe face à cette contamination gestionnaire, l’entreprise familiale semble se distinguer par sa manière d’enchâsser la quête d’efficacité dans un corpus de convictions où dominent solidarité, loyauté et continuité. Certes, elle abrite des risques inhérents à sa nature (conflits interindividuels, transmission) mais elle forme aussi un espace où être sous-productif, appréhender la durée, privilégier la confiance peuvent l’emporter sur la maximisation court-termiste. Bref, un lieu de responsabilité et de réflexion, d’honneur et de constance. D’aucuns pourraient pronostiquer son effondrement, d’autant que la famille est elle-même en pleine redéfinition, entre monoparentalité, homoparentalité, recomposition verticale et horizontale, désagrégation et actualisation. Cet argument est largement indifférent car, quels qu’en soient les atomes et molécules constitutifs, l’entreprise familiale – TPE, PME, ETI – demeure philosophiquement ancrée dans un temps et un territoire, aux antipodes du déracinement et de la contemporanéité absolus au cœur de la start-up connectée.L’entreprise familiale est sans doute l’origine du management ; dans ce monde turbulent, elle peut en être l’avenir

    Comparative Hygrothermal Performance of a Mortar Wall with Micronized Miscanthus Fibers versus a Reference Wall: Experimental and Numerical Analysis

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    International audienceMiscanthus fibres are regarded as a sustainable, eco-friendly material with high hygroscopicity and low thermal conductivity. Although promising at the material scale, further wall-scale evaluations are needed. This study investigates the hygrothermal performance of a biobased mortar wall containing micronized miscanthus fibers, compared to a conventional mortar wall. An experimental bi-climatic device was used to simulate distinct outdoor and indoor environments by exposing each side of both walls to different hygrothermal conditions. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) data were collected using a network of sensors, enabling a thorough analysis of the walls' hygrothermal response at various depths under both dynamic and steadystate regimes. Additionally, a numerical model based on the Künzel approach was employed to predict and compare temperature and humidity behavior within the biobased wall. Results showed good agreement between experimental data and numerical predictions, with a maximum temperature deviation of 4 • C at 5 cm depth. However, RH predictions revealed discrepancies, notably a 5 % deviation at 7.5 cm depth. Statistical validation indicated model accuracy. Furthermore, tests involving cyclic moisture changes under isothermal conditions demonstrated that the miscanthus wall acts as an effective hygric regulator, maintaining stable indoor condition as outdoor relative humidity increases. Higher prediction errors observed at boundary depths (0 and 10 cm) were attributed to external airflow during experiments. Overall, the numerical model reliably predicted temperature variations, and RH estimations were acceptable considering material heterogeneity. These findings confirm the potential of miscanthus fiber-reinforced materials for improving hygrothermal performance in building construction

    Developing safe and sustainable work activities in the industries of the future in metal additive manufacturing. A literature review of methods and proposals

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    International audienceThe development of work and prevention practices in the metal additive manufacturing industry faces new challenges in relation to sustainable work, with the integration of the production process, from design to manufacturing, into a collaborative organisation. This article explores the relationship between the development of health in the workplace, based on work activities, mitigation of exposure situations, and sustainable work. An analysis of 11 articles pertaining to the reduction of occupational exposure is presented, in light of the observation that the criteria of the ergotoxicological approach are conducive to the advancement of sustainable work. Recommendations for methods are made according to their relevance to the advancement of safe and sustainable work in the Industry of the Future, further to the discussions of a multidisciplinary working group (ergonomics, work psychology, industrial hygiene, process engineering, and organisation modelling). This work promotes reflection on the design of a transferable method for preventionists, ergonomists and companies. The originality of this article is that, by proposing related methods, it explicitly incorporates consideration of exposure to hazards into the concept of sustainable work

    Construire un cadre d’analyse et d’action pour l’adaptation de l’agriculture au changement climatique

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    International audienceNous retraçons la notion d'adaptation en agriculture, située à l'origine entre sciences biologiques et sociales et qui a pris une importance particulière avec le changement climatique. A partir d'une synthèse bibliométrique des travaux dans ce domaine, nous identifions les communautés épistémiques qui traitent à la fois de l'atténuation et de l'adaptation sur les sujets au croisement entre alimentation, agriculture et environnement puis nous proposons un cadre d'analyse des projets d'adaptation. L’enjeu climatique amèneles chercheurs à s’engager dans un nouveau régime de construction des connaissances, associant interdisciplinarité, participation et médiatisation, avec des enjeux spécifiques pour les systèmes agricoles et alimentaires

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