Revistas Científicas de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
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Relação entre a endometrite causada por bactérias e a subfertilidade em éguas da raça Cavalo Peruano de Passo
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between enterobacteria-induced endometritis and subfertility in Peruvian Paso mares. A total of 38 cyclic females, aged 5 to 15 years and raised in stud farms in Lima, Cañete, and Chincha, were evaluated. Nineteen mares were assigned to the control group (healthy), and the remaining 19 mares constituted the case group (subfertile). Uterine mucosa samples were collected on day 2 of estrus for bacterial culture and cytology using uterine brushing. Endometritis of varying degrees was diagnosed in 100% of the subfertile mares. Post-mating endometritis (PME), previous antimicrobial treatment, and the number of artificial inseminations per season were factors associated with subfertility. The main bacterial species and genera isolated were Bacillus sp. (36.8%), Staphylococcus sp. (26.3%), Escherichia coli (18.4%), Klebsiella sp. (13.2%), and Citrobacter sp. (7.9%). The presence of positive bacterial cultures was not related to subfertility. The results demonstrate that endometritis, regardless of its etiology, is one of the main factors associated with subfertility in these mares.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la endometritis causada por enterobacterias y la subfertilidad en yeguas de Caballo Peruano de Paso. Se evaluaron 38 hembras cíclicas, de 5 a 15 años de edad, criadas en haras de Lima, Cañete y Chincha. De estas, 19 conformaron del grupo control (sanas) y 19 del grupo de casos (subfértiles). Se colectaron muestras de mucosa uterina para cultivo bacteriológico y citología mediante cepillado uterino el segundo día del estro. El 100 % de las yeguas subfértiles fueron diagnosticadas con endometritis en distintos grados. Se encontró que la endometritis posapareamiento, el tratamiento previo con antimicrobianos y el número de inseminaciones artificiales por temporada fueron factores asociados a la subfertilidad. Las principales especies y géneros bacterianos aislados fueron Bacillus sp. (36,8 %), Staphylococcus sp. (26,3 %), Escherichia coli (18,4 %), Klebsiella sp. (13,2 %) y Citrobacter sp. (7,9 %). La presencia de cultivos bacterianos positivos no estuvo relacionada con la subfertilidad. Los resultados demuestran que la endometritis, independientemente de su etiología, es uno de los principales factores asociados a la subfertilidad en estas yeguas.O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a relação entre a endometrite causada por enterobactérias e a subfertilidade em éguas da raça cavalo Peruano de Paso. Foram avaliadas 38 fêmeas cíclicas, de 5 a 15 anos de idade, criadas em haras de Lima, Cañete e Chincha. Destas, 19 constituíram o grupo controle (saudáveis) e as outras 19 formaram os casos (subférteis). Coletaram-se amostras de mucosa uterina para cultivo bacteriológico e citologia por meio de escovado uterino no segundo dia do estro. Endometrite, em graus variados, foi diagnosticada em 100% das éguas subférteis. Encontrou-se que a endometrite pós-acasalamento (EPA), o tratamento prévio com antimicrobianos e o número de inseminações artificiais por temporada foram fatores associados à subfertilidade. As principais espécies e gêneros bacterianos isolados foram Bacillus sp. (36.8 %), Staphylococcus sp. (26.3 %), Escherichia coli (18.4 %), Klebsiella sp. (13.2 %) e Citrobacter sp. (7.9 %). A presença de culturas bacterianas positivas não esteve relacionada à subfertilidade. Os resultados demonstram que a endometrite, independentemente de sua etiologia, é um dos principais fatores associados à subfertilidade nessas éguas
Consumo de biomasa y síntomas de COVID persistente en pacientes con episodio de infección moderada y severa por SARS-CoV-2
Get PDFBiomass consumption causes COPD, but it is unknown if it is linked to Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). Objective: To examine the association between biomass use and this syndrome in recovered patients from two hospitals in northern Peru. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, exploratory study was carried out. A questionnaire collected sociodemographic data, respiratory symptoms, and biomass use. Results: The final sample consisted of 110 participants. PACS was more common in those aged 35-65 (87.8%) and in Piura (89.1%), occurring in 88.1% of 2021 cases; the median time from symptom onset to interview was 82 (IQR = 79-119) weeks; 97/110 (86.3%) developed PACS; of these, 31% had used biomass before COVID-19 (p = 0.332). Among patients with PACS, the prevalence of dyspnea, fatigue, and cough was 68.4%, 67.3%, and 45.3%, respectively. After COVID-19, 61.05% used salbutamol and 14.7% used home oxygen. In the final model: having had a tracheostomy (p = 0.011), ICU stay (p = 0.039), and the mention of “sequelae in the epicrisis” (p = 0.052) were associated with PACS; however, biomass use (p = 0.332) and years of use (p = 0.072) were not. Conclusion: No link was found between prior biomass use and the development of PACS. The frequency of PACS was high, with dyspnea being the most common symptom.El consumo de biomasa produce EPOC, pero se desconoce si se asocia a Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19 (SPAC). Objetivo: Explorar la asociación entre el consumo de biomasa y este síndrome en pacientes recuperados de dos hospitales del norte peruano. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, exploratorio. Se aplicó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, síntomas respiratorios y consumo de biomasa. Resultados: El tamaño final muestral fue 110. SPAC fue más frecuente entre 35-65 años (87,8%) y en Piura (89,1%), se halló en el 88,1% de los casos del 2021; la mediana desde el inicio de síntomas hasta la entrevista fue 82 (IQR = 79-119) semanas; 97/110 (86,3 %) desarrollaron SPAC; de estos, 31% habían consumido biomasa antes de la COVID-19 (p = 0,332). En los pacientes con SPAC la frecuencia de disnea, astenia y tos fue 68,4%, 67,3% y 45,3%, respectivamente. El 61,05% usaron salbutamol después del episodio agudo de COVID-19 y 14,7% oxígeno domiciliario; en el modelo final: haber tenido una traqueotomía (p = 0,011), haber estado en la UCI (p = 0,039) y la aparición del término «secuela en la epicrisis» (p = 0,052) se asociaron con SPAC; ni el consumo de biomasa (p = 0,332) ni los años de consumo (p = 0,072) se asociaron con el SPAC. Conclusión: No se encontró asociación entre el consumo previo de biomasa y el desarrollo del SPAC. La frecuencia SPAC fue alta, siendo la disnea, el síntoma más frecuente
La voz de las médicas de Cayetano Heredia: Inspiración y vicisitudes en la profesión médica
Get PDFThis article collects testimonies of female doctors graduated from the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (classes of1974-75), highlighting their motivations, challenges, and achievements. Topics such as gender equality, work-life balance,the impact of mentoring and its contribution to the community are addressed. Their stories reflect vicissitudes andcommitment, inspiring future generations.Este artículo recoge los testimonios de médicas egresadas de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (promociones 1974-75), en los que destacan sus motivaciones, desafíos y logros. Se abordan temas como la igualdad de género, la conciliación profesional y personal, el impacto de la mentoría y su contribución a la comunidad. Sus historias reflejan vicisitudes y compromiso, inspirando a futuras generaciones
Dispositivos de avanço mandibular como tratamento para a apneia obstrutiva do sono: uma revisão da literatura
Get PDFObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder resulting from the narrowing and collapse of the upper airway. It has been associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, making it a major public health issue. In recent years, intraoral mandibular advancement devices have gained popularity as an option for the treatment of snoring and OSA. These devices are well tolerated by most patients, and their therapeutic efficacy has been widely demonstrated. Against this background, it is important to know the advantages of their use, the treatment protocol, and their possible side effects.La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es un trastorno del sueño resultante del estrechamiento y el colapso del tracto respiratorio superior. Se la ha vinculado con un mayor riesgo de accidentes vehiculares, desarrollo de diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares, lo que la convierte en un problema relevante de salud pública. En los últimos años, se han popularizado los dispositivos intraorales de avance mandibular como una opción para el tratamiento del ronquido y de la AOS. Estos dispositivos son bien tolerados por la mayoría de los pacientes, y su eficacia terapéutica ha sido ampliamente comprobada. En este escenario, es importante conocer cuáles son las ventajas de su uso, el protocolo de tratamiento y sus posibles efectos secundarios.A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é um distúrbio do sono resultante do estreitamento e colapso das vias aéreas superiores. Ela tem sido associada a um maior risco de acidentes de trânsito, desenvolvimento de diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares, o que a torna um problema importante para a saúde pública. Nos últimos anos, os dispositivos intraorais de avanço mandibular tornaram-se populares como uma opção para o tratamento do ronco e da AOS. Esses dispositivos são bem tolerados pela maioria dos pacientes, e sua eficácia terapêutica foi amplamente comprovada. Nesse cenário, é importante conhecer as vantagens de seu uso, o protocolo de tratamento e seus possíveis efeitos adversos
Aspectos socioeconômicos e clínicos relacionados à experiência de cárie em escolares assistidos em uma clínica universitária colombiana
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the relationship between caries experience and socioeconomic and clinical factors in children aged 5 to 12. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 103 children aged 5 to 12 from Puerto Colombia (Colombia) between 2022 and 2023. Clinical, socioeconomic, and demographic data were obtained from medical records. Poisson generalized linear models with robust standard errors were fitted to evaluate the relationship between caries experience and both socioeconomic and clinical variables. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95% confidence intervals were presented for crude and adjusted models. Results: Caries experience was 94.85% (n = 98), with a median of 8 affected teeth (IQR = 5-11). Additionally, it was significantly higher in stratum 2 (IRR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.042-1.956) in children without access to water and gas services (IRR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.172-4.472), and in those with developmental defects of enamel (IRR = 1.188; 95% CI: 1.003-1.406), with poor oral hygiene (IRR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.147-2.459), and in those who toothbrushed less than three times a day (IRR = 1.244; 95% CI: 1,027-1,507). Conclusion: Children with socioeconomic disadvantages, poor oral hygiene, and irregular toothbrushing practices exhibited a higher caries experience. It is necessary to address not only clinical, but also social and behavioral aspects in the prevention of childhood caries.Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre la experiencia de caries y los factores socioeconómicos y clínicos de niños de entre 5 y 12 años. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en una muestra de 103 niños de entre 5 y 12 años procedentes de Puerto Colombia (Colombia) entre 2022 y 2023. Los datos clínicos, socioeconómicos y demográficos procedieron de las historias clínicas. Se analizaron modelos lineales generalizados (regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta) para investigar la asociación entre las variables socioeconómicas y la experiencia de caries. Se examinaron las razones de tasas de incidencia (IRR) y sus intervalos de confianza del 95 % en análisis crudo y ajustado. Resultados: La experiencia de caries fue del 94,85 % (n = 98), con una mediana de 8 dientes afectados (RIC = 5-11). Asimismo, fue significativamente mayor en el estrato 2 (IRR = 1,4; IC 95 %: 1,042-1,956), en niños sin servicio de agua y gas (IRR = 2,29; IC 95 %: 1,172-4,472), con defectos de desarrollo del esmalte (IRR = 1,188; IC 95 %: 1,003-1,406), con mala higiene oral (IRR = 1,68; IC 95 %: 1,147-2,459), y en aquellos con cepillado dental menor de tres veces por día (IRR = 1,244; IC 95 %: 1,027-1,507). Conclusión: Los niños con desventajas socioeconómica, problemas de higiene bucal y cepillado irregular tuvieron mayor experiencia de caries. Se amerita abordar no solo aspectos clínicos, sino también sociales y conductuales en la prevención de caries infantil.Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a experiência de cárie e os fatores socioeconômicos e clínicos de crianças entre 5 e 12 anos. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal em uma amostra de 103 crianças entre 5 e 12 anos de Puerto Colombia (Colômbia) entre 2022 e 2023. Os dados clínicos, socioeconômicos e demográficos foram obtidos a partir dos prontuários médicos. Modelos lineares generalizados (regressão de Poisson com variância robusta) foram analisados para investigar a associação entre as variáveis socioeconômicas e a experiência de cárie dentária. As razões das taxas de incidência (IRR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% foram examinadas em análises brutas e ajustadas. Resultados: A experiência de cárie foi de 94,85% (n = 98), com uma mediana de 8 dentes afetados (IIQ = 5-11). Além disso, foi significativamente maior no estrato 2 (IRR = 1,4; IC 95%: 1,042-1,956), em crianças sem serviço de água e gás (IRR = 2,29; IC 95%: 1,172-4,472), com defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte (IRR = 1,188; IC 95%: 1,003-1,406), com má higiene oral (IRR = 1,68; IC 95%: 1,147-2,459) e naqueles que escovavam os dentes menos de três vezes por dia (IRR = 1,244; IC 95 %: 1,027-1,507). Conclusão: Crianças com desvantagens socioeconômicas, problemas de higiene bucal e escovação irregular tiveram maior incidência de cárie. É necessário abordar não apenas aspectos clínicos, mas também sociais e comportamentais na prevenção da cárie na infância
Permanent and intermittent hypoxia as response modifiers of skeletal muscle tissue with exercise training
No full textIt is still a widely held belief that the skeletal muscles of animals and humans exposed to chronic hypoxia have an enhanced oxidative capacity and increased capillarity. However, analysis of biopsies from subjects both prior to and after real or simulated ascents to the Himalayas have consistently shown a decrease in muscle oxidative capacity and an unchanged capillarity. Furthermore, in vastus lateralis biopsies derived from highland populations indigenous to the Himalayas and Andes, the mitochondrial content was markedly reduced in comparison with that of lowlanders matched for age and training status. Combined, these studies indicate that permanent exposure to severe hypoxia (incurred by living at altitudes above 3500m) elicits a decrease in muscle oxidative capacity as well as in the aerobic work performance. If severe hypoxia is incurred only during the constrained limits of endurance training sessions, then the resulting improvements are comparable to those elicited by training for a similar period under normoxic conditions. Additionally, it is observed that skeletal musele volume and myoglobin concentration increase with training in hypoxia but not in normoxia. Bearing these findings in mind, endurance athletes should limit their hypoxia exposure to the minimum period commensurate with induction of an erythropoietin response. If a gain in oxidative muscle mass and myoglobin concentration are desired, then they could be achieved by training sessions conducted under severe hypoxic conditons. The cellular mechanisms responsible for the response of skeletal muscle tissue to hypoxia are currently not known.
Erythropoiesis in humans exposed to severe altitude hypoxia
No full textSome of the factors involved in the control of altitude polycythemia were studied in ten subjects (4 women, 6 men) exposed for 3 weeks 10 extreme altitude (6542 m). Blood was withdrawn in normoxia (N), after one (H1), two (H2) and three (H3) weeks at 6542 m. for the measurement of serum erythropoietin (EPO, mU/mJ), blood hemoglobin (Hb, g/dl), hematocrit (Ht,%), intra erythrocyte folate (FOL, ug/l) and plasma ferritin (FER, ug/l) concentrations. Renal absolute proximal reabsorption rate (APR) were measured by the lithium clearance method, in N and H2 conditions. After an initial sharp increase in EPO (N: 8 ± 2. H1: 302 ± 282, mean± S.D.), EPO decreased at H2 (161 ± 151) and H3 ( 174 ± 212). Ht and Hb increased from N (43 ± 3; 13.8 ± 0.7) to H1 (51 ± 6, 15.7 ± 2.3) and H2 (53 ± 7, 16.1 ± 2.3) and then decreased from H2 to H3 (49 ± 7, 15.0 ± 2.5). lncrease in EPO at H1 varied from 3 to 134-fold among individuals. Two women showed a large increase in EPO without increase in Hb. FER showed a marked decrease in H1 (8. 1 ± 4.9) and H3 (9.2 ± 3.8) as compared to N (28.0 ± 24.5). Hb was positively related to FER in hypoxia. Iron intake in food was markedly decreased during the 2 weeks of ascent, before arriving at 6542 m. EPO was inversely related to Ca02 and positively related to APR. The increase in Hb at H1 may have restored the oxygen availability in the kidneys and reduced the formation of EPO. The decrease in Hb from H2 to H3, in spite of a high EPO, may be due to a chronically reduced substrate (iron) availability, as suggested by the decrease in FER favoured by a low iron in take. We conclude that there is a great interindividual variability in erythropoiesis response to EPO in hypoxia. Factors involved in the modulation of this response include nutritional and sex differences, iron stores and tubular function that determines O2 supply to renal sensors responsible for EPO secretion