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Sustavi upravljanja pandemijom i migracije
Get PDFFast development and transmission of disease poses a health threat for a larger population and affects the functioning of almost all social systems, both within and outside nation-state borders, thus also affecting the possibilities of free migration and movement. The main aim of this article is to discuss the principal mechanisms of disease control in relation to migration in various socio-historical contexts. It identifies and compares historical patterns and contemporary measures of preventive control systems while considering the wider social context and migrants’ specific position. This paper combines the historical insights into various administrative and political systems in Europe and Croatia that have sought adequate measures to prevent the spread of infectious diseases with the current state of the affair in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of the regulation and management of the contemporary COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions have been introduced on cross-border movement and travel. Those restrictions and quarantine measures have abruptly halted not only international but also migration within the borders of nation-states, especially during the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020. Emphasis has been placed on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour and forced migration, as well as on the trends in public attitudes on immigrants affected by pandemic management mechanisms.Brzi razvoj i širenje bolesti koja predstavlja zdravstvenu prijetnju većem udjelu stanovništva imaju učinak na funkcioniranje gotovo svih društvenih sustava, kako unutar tako i izvan granica nacionalne države, utječući stoga i na mogućnosti slobodnoga kretanja i migracija. Glavni je cilj ovog rada raspraviti osnovne mehanizme kontrole bolesti u odnosu na migracije u različitim društveno-povijesnim kontekstima. Pritom se identificiraju i uspoređuju povijesni obrasci i suvremene mjere sustava preventivne kontrole, uzimajući u obzir širi društveni kontekst i specifični položaj migranata. U ovome se radu kombiniraju povijesni uvidi u različite upravljačke i političke sustave u Europi i Hrvatskoj koji su tražili odgovarajuće mjere za sprečavanje širenja zaraznih bolesti sa stanjem u borbi protiv pandemije bolesti COVID-19. Regulacijom i upravljanjem aktualnom pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 uvedena su ograničenja prekograničnoga kretanja i putovanja. Ta ograničenja i uvođenje karantenskih mjera naglo su zaustavili ne samo međunarodnu već i migraciju unutar granica nacionalnih država, posebno tijekom prvog vala pandemije u proljeće 2020. Stoga je naglasak stavljen na učinke pandemije bolesti COVID-19 na radne i prisilne migracije, ali i na učinak mehanizama upravljanja pandemijom na razvoj stavova javnosti prema imigrantima
Arhiv kao mjesto čuvanja zajedničkih sjećanja, povijesti i identiteta
Get PDFGiven their role in the preservation and protection of an authentic and credible trace of the past (documents) and, consequently, national identity, archives are considered places of choice for interpreting and representing shared memory and the past. Emphasising authenticity and credibility frames archives as seemingly neutral institutions in terms of politics and ideology. However, the trace that provides an insight into the “truth and knowledge” of our (individual and collective) past “that makes us what we are” needs to be questioned. Since the archiving procedure is based on the processes of inclusion and exclusion in all segments of everyday interpretation of material, the archive is a political and ideological institution that takes its place in the order of political power. This paper discusses the role of the archive as a place of preservation of “shared past and history” as an important part of national identity through the prism of institutional apparatuses or forms of knowledge/power (example of architecture) and technologies or manners of articulating and practising knowledge/power (example of everyday practice). The paper points to the role of archives in the (re)interpretation and (re)vision of shared memories, collective history and national identity on the examples of the Croatian State Archives and Archives of Yugoslavia, in the context of changes in the symbolic and political order (SFRY/Croatia). By constructing national memory and narratives of nationality through narratives of history and memory, and by constructing “truth” (knowledge) through exclusion and inclusion, archives (just like museums and libraries) have a role to play in “imagining” the community–nation. Or, according to the theory of performative identity (Foritier 2000), everyday practice that takes place in archives is an institutional identity practice that contributes to the unification and homogenisation of the community through a policy of interpretation by performing and producing (performative) memory (collective identity formation).Pozivajući se na čuvanje i zaštitu autentičnog i vjerodostojnog traga prošlosti (dokumenata) pa time i nacionalnog identiteta, arhivi se prikazuju kao mjesta »izabranosti « za interpretiranje i reprezentiranje zajedničkog sjećanja i prošlosti. Pozivanje na autentičnost i vjerodostojnost čini arhive naizgled politički i ideološki neutralnim institucijama. No, taj trag koji nam daje na uvid »istinu i znanje« vlastite (i individualne i kolektivne) prošlosti »koji nas čini onime što jesmo« zahtjeva propitivanje. S obzirom da proces arhiviranja počiva na procesima uključivanja i isključivanja u svim segmentima svakodnevne prakse te interpretacije građe/gradiva arhiv se ukazuje kao politička i ideološka institucija koja zauzima svoje mjesto u poretku političke moći. U ovom radu razmatra se uloga arhiva kao mjesta čuvanja »zajedničke prošlosti i povijesti« kao važne sastavnice nacionalnog identiteta kroz prizmu institucionalnih aparata odnosno formi znanja/moći (primjer arhitekture) i tehnologija odnosno načina artikuliranja i prakticiranja znanja/moći (primjer svakodnevne prakse). Rad ukazuje na ulogu i poziciju arhiva u (re)interpretaciji i (re)viziji zajedničkih sjećanja, kolektivne povijesti kao i nacionalnog identiteta na primjerima Hrvatskog državnog arhiva i Arhiva Jugoslavije, a u kontekstu promjene simboličkog i političkog poretka (SFRJ / Hrvatska). Konstruirajući nacionalno sjećanje i narative nacionalnosti kroz narative povijesti i sjećanja, isključivanjem i uključivanjem konstruirajući »istinu« (znanje), arhivi (kao i muzeji i knjižnice) imaju svoju ulogu u »zamišljanu« zajednice – nacije ili u skladu s performativnom teorijom identiteta (Foritier, 2000) svakodnevna praksa koja se u arhivima odvija institucijska je identitetska praksa koja izvodeći i proizvodeći (performativnost) sjećanje (kolektivna identitetska formacija) sudjeluje u unificiranju i homogeniziranju zajednice putem politike interpretacije
Stambena integracija imigranata iz Bih u Hrvatskoj: primjer Grada Zagreba
Get PDFThis paper analyses the results of the research on housing integration as the important part of functional integration of most numerous immigrant group in Croatia – Croatian citizens who were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysed survey (CAPI) was conducted in 2014 in Sesvete, a district in the City of Zagreb, on a judgemental/purposive sample of 301 respondents. The aim of the paper is to analyse objective housing conditions (home ownership, housing quality, and neighbourhood) and subjective assessments of the indicators of housing integration of immigrants from BiH living in one of City of Zagreb. Mostly descriptive analyses were employed, complemented with selected tests of relations between two or more respondents’ characteristics and their estimations of housing standard and quality. While deriving conclusions from the obtained results, special attention was attached to the limitations of the sampling methods and specific characteristics of the target population of immigrants from BiH. Depending on the ethnic affiliation of immigrants, their language, history and cultural tradition are identical (for Croats) or very similar (Serbs and Bosniaks) to the majority population in the host country creating the circumstances and characteristics which make the process of integration easier in all of its aspects. The analysed indicators of housing integration and development of housing quality of immigrants included in the survey confirmed a high level of its successfulness. In all characteristics of housing: home ownership, type of dwelling (house or apartment) and infrastructural facilities, the immigrants from BiH do not differ from the total population of Croatia, while they are above average in size of total living area and number of rooms. Significant differences were obtained in regard to period and main reason of migration to Croatia. The analysis of comparative estimation of housing quality and general life standard in Zagreb in 2014 and in BiH in the period of migration showed that significant proportion of respondents (57%) considers their housing and living standard in Croatia to be better than if they stayed in BiH.U radu se analiziraju rezultati istraživanja stambene integracije kao važnog dijela funkcionalne integracije najbrojnije imigrantske skupine u Hrvatskoj – građana Hrvatske rođenih u Bosni i Hercegovini. Istraživanje je provedeno 2014. metodom ankete licem u lice (CAPI) u gradskoj četvrti Sesvete, Grad Zagreb, na prosudbenom uzorku od 301 ispitanika. Cilj je rada analizirati objektivne uvjete stanovanja (vlasništvo nad stambenim prostorom, kvaliteta stanovanja, susjedstvo) i subjektivne procjene pokazatelja stambene integracije skupine doseljenika iz BiH u jednoj četvrti Grada Zagreba. U većem dijelu rada provedene su deskriptivne analiza prikupljenih podataka, a pomoću odabranih testova u odnos su stavljene dvije ili više karakteristika ispitanika s njihovim procjenama standarda i kvalitete stanovanja. Pri zaključivanju na temelju prikupljenih rezultata pozornost je usmjerena na ograničenja u načinu izbora uzorka i specifičnosti migrantske skupine bosanskohercegovačkih doseljenika. Ovisno o etničkoj pripadnosti imigranata jezik, povijesna i kulturna tradicija identična je (Hrvati) ili vrlo slična (Srbi i Bošnjaci) većinskom društvu u zemlji primitka što znatno olakšava sve aspekte integracije. Analizirani pokazatelji stambene integracije i razvoja kvalitete stanovanja ispitanika u uzorku potvrdili su visoku razinu uspješnosti. U gotovo svim ispitivanim karakteristikama stanovanja, vlasništvom nad stambenim prostorom, načinom stanovanja (kuća ili stan) i infrastrukturnom opremljenosti prostora, imigranti iz BiH ne razlikuju se od ukupnog stanovništva Hrvatske, dok su, primjerice, u površini korisnoga stambenog prostora i broja soba iznad prosjeka. Zabilježene su razlike s obzirom na razdoblje i razloge doseljavanja. Analiza usporedne procjene kvalitete stanovanja i ukupnoga životnog standarda u Zagrebu 2014. i u vrijeme odlaska iz BiH pokazala je da ispitanici u većini (57 %) smatraju da im je stanovanje i životni standard u Hrvatskoj bolji no što bi bio da su ostali živjeti u BiH
Early modern Dalmatian landscape and demographic changes in the multiple borderland area: cartographic vs. statistical data
Get PDFČlanak pruža interdisciplinarni uvid u svjesno inicirane ekonomske i okolišne promjene na primjeru ranonovovjekovnoga pothvata privatnoga projekta isušivanja močvara na feudalnom posjedu Borelli u Vrani. Cilj usporedbe kartografskih i demografskih statističkih podataka bio je pronaći naznake promjena koje je okolišni zahvat izazvao te kvantificirati ekonomski, ekološki i demografski napredak u promatranim izvorima. Fokus je stavljen na pronalaženje konkretne veze između proširivanja obradivih površina isušivanjem i postupnoga sveukupnog razvitka Ravnih kotara. Pokušaj kvantitativne analize kartografskih izvora nije ponudio mjerljive rezultate, prije svega zbog kartometrijske i sadržajne neusporedivosti dostupnih izvora. Kvalitativna je analiza pokazala da je isušivanje močvara te bonifikacija potencijalno vrlo plodna tla, uz naseljavanje novih stočarskih poreznih obveznika u nepovoljnim okolnostima, predstavljalo tek jednu od pretpostavaka za demografski rast. S druge su strane mletačko-osmansko ratovanje i političko-vojni pritisci na duže vrijeme pretvorili Vranu, nekada plodnu žitnicu, u ekološki nestabilan, ekonomski i socijalno devastiran te demografski opustošen kraj.This paper shows interdisciplinary insight into economy-driven early modern environmental change, using the example of the privately financed venture of marshland reclamation on Count Borelli’s Vrana Estate. The research goal was to compare cartographic and demographic statistical sources to see how such an improvement was represented in correlated data, and if certain quantitative features of ecological, economic, and demographic development could be accurately measured. The focus was on the direct relationship between the enlargement of arable fields by drainage and the gradual overall advancement of the area. Quantitative analysis failed to offer reliable results, primarily due to inconsistent cartometric and content comparability of available sources. Qualitative analysis revealed that marshland drainage and soil improvement of potentially very fertile land, along with the colonisation of new inhabitants as agrarian land users and taxpayers, provided a moderate opportunity for demographic increase in rather depressive circumstances. Due to Venetian-Ottoman wars, the once agriculturally prosperous area of Vrana was rendered into an ecologically-unstable, economically-devastated, politically and militarily-pressured, socially-wrecked, and demographically half-deserted landscape
Bleiburg as Cultural Trauma
Get PDFOd osamostaljenja Hrvatske hrvatsko je društvo antagonizirano oko pitanja jugoslavenske prošlosti. Točka prijepora oko koje je društvo podijeljeno u dva gotovo nepomirljiva tabora odnosi se na interpretaciju događaja nakon Drugog svjetskog rata i masovne likvidacije pripadnika poražene vojske Nezavisne Države Hrvatske koja je započela njihovom predajom kod Bleiburga u Austriji, poznatih kao bleiburška tragedija. Te su likvidacije u Jugoslaviji pod vlašću Komunističke partije bile svojevrstan tabu, ali ih je hrvatska antijugoslavenska emigracija, povezujući ih s gubitkom “domovine” iz pozicije egzila, konstruirala kao kulturnu traumu. Ovaj rad usredotočen je na analizu narativizacije bleiburške tragedije kojom se proizvode emocije, konstruira ideološka fantazma te stvaraju značenja tih poslijeratnih događaja kao točke zajedničkog sjećanja hrvatske političke emigracije. Analiza se temelji na člancima koji se bave tom tematikom u časopisu Hrvatska revija u vrijeme kada ona izlazi u Argentini. Također se propituje način na koji tako strukturirana kulturna trauma, ušavši u hrvatski javni prostor revizijom zajedničkih sjećanja, antagonizira društveno polje.Since Croatia’s independence, Croatian society has been antagonized by the issue of Yugoslav history. The point of contention on which society is divided into two almost irreconcilable camps concerns the interpretation of events after World War II and the mass liquidations, known as the Bleiburg Tragedy, of members of the defeated army of the Independent State of Croatia that began with their surrender at the small town of Bleiburg in the southern Austrian state of Carinthia. The topic of these liquidations was something of a taboo in Yugoslavia, which was governed by the Communist Party, but Croatian anti-Yugoslav emigrants constructed them as cultural trauma by linking them to the loss of “homeland” from a position of exile. This paper focuses on an analysis of the narrativization of the Bleiburg tragedy that creates emotions, constructs ideological phantasm and builds meanings for these post-war events as points of collective memory of Croatian political emigration. The analysis is based on articles dealing with this topic in the magazine Hrvatska revija from when it was published in Argentina. It also questions the way in which such structured cultural
trauma antagonizes the social field after it enters the Croatian public space by revising common memories
Research on Aging and Migration from the Perspective of Life-Course
Get PDFRazlozi izbora teme ovoga rada jesu ubrzano starenje stanovništva Hrvatske i znatne migracije, seljenje unutar zemlje, iseljavanje, ali i doseljavanje sve više stranaca. Cilj rada jest vrednovati prednosti i nedostatke istraživanja starenja (kvalitete života starih ljudi) i migracija (kvalitete života migranata) iz perspektive životnog puta pregledom nekih od važnijih radova koji se time bave, podjednako teorijski i/ili primijenjeno. Perspektiva životnog puta (life course perspective) složen je pristup istraživanja života pojedinca ili skupina odnosno određenih procesa. Prema raznim autorima, perspektiva životnog puta povezuje povijesni kontekst koji određuje pojedinčev život s osobnom povijesti (ključnim događajima njegova života) (Edmonston, 2013; Holman i Walker, 2020). Analizirajući više desetaka radova, autorica nastoji pokazati primjenjivost na istraživanja vezana uz starenje populacije i procjenu kvalitete života te stupanj integracije imigranata u zemlju primitka. Pritom, objašnjavajući metode prikupljanja podataka u različitim istraživanjima, pomnije raščlanjuje prednosti uporabe biografske metode (životne priče, životne povijesti) (Atkinson, 1998; Shanahan i Macmillan, 2008). Naime, istraživanja kvalitete života starih ljudi moraju biti utemeljena na teorijskoj konstrukciji starenja i povijesnom kontekstu, oslanjajući se na podatke o bitnim životnim događajima pojedinca i prosudbama iskustava ispitanika i istraživača, jednako kao i istraživanja kvalitete života migranata. Kao i starenje, i migracije su uvijek politički, društveno i gospodarski uvjetovane te specifične s obzirom na jedinstvenost života svako migranta, odnosno pojedinčeve životne priče. Pregledom odabrane literature posvećene istraživanjima starenja i migracijama kao dvama odvojenim procesima, ali promatranima iz iste perspektive, moguće je zaključiti da dijele slične putanje, prijelaze, prekretnice i vrijeme (Edmonston, 2013).A life-course perspective is a complex approach to researching the life of an individual or group or certain processes used in various disciplines (Börsch-Supan et al., 2013), especially in sociology, demography, psychology, and economics. The life course perspective seeks to connect the historical context that determines an individual’s life with personal history (key events of his or her life) (Edmonston, 2013; Holman and Walker, 2020). The paper explains the differences among how the life-course perspective, lifecycle perspective and life-span perspective approach research topics.
More specifically, this paper aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of research on aging (quality of life of older people) and migration (quality of life of migrants) from the perspective of life course by reviewing some of the most important papers addressing it, both theoretically and/or practically.
In the first of the five chapters of the paper, Introduction, the author explains why the perspective of life course is an interesting research approach to selected topics in Croatia. Together with the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Croatia has experienced a strong increase in the share of the elderly population and significant migration in the last thirty or so years. The major causes of accelerated demographic aging are an increase in life expectancy and a decrease in fertility. The main causes of migration are significant political, social and economic changes in the “old” and “new” EU countries. These are changes in the socio-political and economic systems of the former socialist countries on the one hand, and the expansion of the EU resulting in the opening of the labour market and the possibility of “new” labour migration within Europe on the other. Due to the wars in the Middle East, there is also the issue of dealing with large refugee waves.
The life-course perspective is particularly applicable to research on population aging, the assessment of the quality of life and the degree of integration of immigrants in the destination country.
The second chapter, Life Perspective and Aging, explains various theoretical approaches to older people (Hagestad and Dannefer, 2001). The institutional approach largely addresses the socio-economic status and roles of the elderly, for example, retirement (Blane et al., 2004; Wanka, 2019). The cultural perspective often deals with negative stereotypes related to aging and formulating different approaches to the elderly (Hagestad and Dannefer, 2001). In order to achieve a holistic approach to aging and old age, various perspectives should be integrated, and aging should be interpreted as a reflection of interrelated events during an individual’s life: historical, environmental and personal. Such a more complex approach involving changes and events throughout an individual’s life is a life cycle perspective (Godley and Hareven, 2001) considered within a particular historical context. Although it is widely accepted, some authors (Giele and Elder, 1998; Edmonston, 2013) explain the limitation of the term “life cycle” by advocating the phrase “life course”. In doing so, they explain life course as a complex relationship between socially shaped events and the roles an individual assumes during life. According to them, this differs from the concept of a life cycle in that the events and roles that make up an individual life experience do not necessarily continue at certain stages of life, as is suggested by the word “cycle”.
In addition to the concept of a life cycle, researchers of aging and the quality of life of older people (Fuller-Iglesias, Smith and Antonucci, 2009) also theoretically compare the perspective of life course and the life span perspective without opposing them. Both advocate a view of aging as a long-lasting, multidimensional, continuous, and dynamic process. Life theories deal with the processes and pathways of development and aging as a lifelong process of an individual while life theories deal with differences in socially conditioned events, changes, roles and experiences in the lives of individuals (Fuller-Iglesias, Smith and Antonucci, 2009: 3–5) among certain parts of society (groups). An individual’s daily life is explained by processes and relationships that determine the broader context and how others experience it. Interpersonal relationships with other members of society play a significant role in an individual’s lifestyle and quality of life, regardless of his or her age or migration (in)experience. The life course perspective seeks to explain the impact of different processes on groups of people and individual experiences at each life stage but also the relationship between events from different stages of life.
The third chapter, Life Perspective and Biographical Method, discusses the need to return to more significant use of qualitative and interpretative methods, as well as the interest in using a biographical perspective, due to a better understanding of aging and quality of life in old age as well as migration reasons and integration of immigrants in the country of immigration. By telling their life story, a person clarifies the personal understanding of changes in the immediate (personal circle) and the wider environment (society). They also describe how individual members of the group to which the individual feels affiliated, for example, the generation of older people in a particular environment (islands) (Podgorelec, 2008) or immigrants, experienced changes in society during life (older people) or a personal migrant experience and to what extent the changes experienced affect their lives (Amit and Litwin, 2010; Podgorelec, Gregurović and Klempić Bogadi, 2019).
Biographical research is especially useful in monitoring the development of an individual’s career, the impact of migration (on a personal level, but also in terms of
community development), the way people face new experiences and changes during aging or migration and how they adapt (especially to various losses: employment, health and functional status, life partners, friends etc.).
The fourth chapter, Life and Migration Perspective, explains certain characteristics of migration and migrants, especially when moving to the country of immigration. Thus, Jasso (2003: 334) grouped them into characteristics that affect adaptation – age, gender, country of origin, level of education (Finney and Marshall, 2018; Podgorelec, Klempić Bogadi and Gregurović, 2020); degree of success – from assimilation, acculturation and adaptation to integration into the receiving society (Berry, 1990; Amit, 2012; Amit and Bar-Lev, 2014; Podgorelec, Gregurović and Klempić Bogadi, 2019) or failure – giving up and returning to the country of origin or moving to a third country; the success of migrants in childhood or the second generation of migrants (childhood and schooling in the country of immigration) (Pivovarova and Powers, 2019); demographic and economic effects on societies of origin and immigration – studies of loss and gain (relocation of qualified migrants, artists, entrepreneurs) (Gregurović, 2019), remittances (Nzima, Duma and Moyo, 2017), etc.
Migrants choose to move at various ages and are motivated by various reasons (Kennan and Walker, 2013). Migration is a process that affects both social environments – that of the origin of the migrant as well as the immigration environment, even if the migrant migrates within a certain country (Čipin, Strmota and Međimurec, 2016; Finney and Marshall, 2018) and assuming that social and cultural differences between places of resettlement are not significant (Amit, 2012; Podgorelec, Gregurović and Klempić Bogadi, 2019). Edmonston (2013: 3) relies on the work of Elder (1994, 1998) in explaining the benefits of using a life-course perspective in (im)migration research. He connects four topics that Elder considers crucial in the analysis of life course: the interconnectedness of individual lives and historical time, planning and selection of important events in an individual›s life, the connection of an individual›s life with others (family, friends, work environment) and action (effect) of social institutions during life. The connection between the general approach to the life course analysis (Elder, 1994, 1998) and the previously mentioned groups of topics in migration research is noticeable already at the first glance (Jasso, 2003). Each of the topics can be supported by various examples in Croatian society.
In the last chapter, instead of a conclusion, the author states that by reviewing a part of the literature on aging and migration, it is possible to deduce that, although fundamentally separate processes, observed from a life-course perspective, they share similar trajectories, transitions, turning points and timing (Edmonston, 2013). Thus, research into the quality of life of older people must be grounded in the theoretical construction of aging and the historical context, relying on collected data on the individual’s important life events (life story) and judgments of experiences by both respondents and researchers. A life-course perspective that measures the impact of social, political and economic conditions on the life of an individual and/or a group is an interesting and complex approach to researching selected dimensions of migrants quality of life, given that migration always takes place in a particular historical context by influencing the social environment – countries of origin and countries of immigration. Public policies that support the organisation of care for the elderly, facilitate adaptation and promote the integration of migrants harmonise all sections of society and affect the life satisfaction of the general population
The Catholic Church and Migrants: Towards a Multicultural Model of Migrant Integration
Get PDFZbog prihvata stotina tisuća osoba koje traže međunarodnu zaštitu i dolaska ostalih kategorija migranata, koji svoje zemlje napuštaju zbog političkih i ekonomskih nestabilnosti, europske zemlje suočene su s brojnim humanitarnim i integracijskim izazovima. Izazovi koji se tiču migracija zadnjih su desetljeća puno kompleksniji od onih u prošlim razdobljima, s obzirom na to da novije migracije čine migranti različitoga sociokulturnoga, etničkoga i vjerskoga podrijetla koji se u europske zemlje namjeravaju trajno nastaniti. U radu se propituje uloga Katoličke crkve kao religijske organizacije koja putem svojih službi i pastorala te provođenjem raznih aktivnosti pomaže migrantima, posebno osobama koje traže međunarodnu zaštitu prilikom njihova dolaska u novu sredinu i tijekom procesa integracije. Angažiranost Katoličke crkve, kada je riječ o pružanju pomoći migrantima, a posebno osobama koje traže međunarodnu zaštitu, vidljiva je i u crkvenim dokumentima te kanonskim uredbama donesenima nakon Drugoga vatikanskoga koncila. Cilj je rada rasvijetliti univerzalnu i transkulturnu dimenziju Katoličke crkve kao institucije koja zbog svojega multikulturnoga obilježja na poseban način sudjeluje u integraciji različitih kategorija migranata. Također se želi upozoriti na potencijal Katoličke crkve u izgradnji kulture solidarnosti i dijaloga kao preduvjeta socijalne kohezije.Due to the fact that hundreds of thousands of people are seeking international protection, and migrants are leaving their countries for reasons of poverty and political and economic instability, many European countries face a number of humanitarian and integration challenges. The heterogeneity of immigrant groups in regard to their cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds and their intention to permanently settle in host countries, make these challenges much more complex than in previous times. The paper discusses the role of the Catholic Church as a religious organisation which, through her services, pastoral and other activities, assists migrants and refugees in their arrival in a new environment and in the integration process. Care for refugees and migrants by the Catholic Church is also reflected in her advocacy of these groups as can be seen in Church documents and canonical decrees adopted after the Second Vatican Council. The aim of this paper is to highlight the universal and transcultural dimension of the Catholic Church as an institution which, due to its multicultural character, has a special role in migrant and refugee integration. Particular emphasis is placed on the potential of the Catholic Church to build a culture of solidarity and dialogue as a prerequisite for social cohesion
Bibliography of Papers on Migration Published in the Scientific Journals Available at Portal Hrčak (2009 – 2019)
Get PDFFenomenom migracija bave se različite znanstvene discipline (sociologija, demografija, povijest, antropologija, socijalna geografija, ekonomija, politologija i dr.). Multidisciplinarnost upućuje na kompleksnost fenomena migracija, kojemu se sve više pristupa i interdisciplinarno s obzirom na njegov utjecaj na različite društvene, političke i ekonomske odnose. »Izbjeglička/migrantska kriza« 2015. godine i suvremeno iseljavanje iz Hrvatske ojačali su znanstveni interes za migracije te postmigracijske procese.
Cilj ove bibliografije jest znanstvenoj i stručnoj javnosti dati pregled znanstvenih radova o različitim aspektima migracija dostupnih na portalu Hrčak. Bibliografija je podijeljena u tematske cjeline koje su određene pregledom radova, ali nisu hijerarhijski strukturirane (npr. integracija jest dio migracijske politike, ali zbog broja i fokusiranosti radova na samo taj aspekt migracijske politike izdvojena je kao posebna tema).
Bibliografija je napravljena neposrednim uvidom u cjelovite članke (de visu) dostupne na Hrčku – Portalu hrvatskih znanstvenih i stručnih časopisa. Hrčak je središnji portal koji na jednome mjestu okuplja hrvatske znanstvene i stručne časopise te časopise za popularizaciju znanosti i kulture koji nude otvoreni pristup svojim radovima. Započeo je s radom 2006. i na njemu se trenutačno nalazi 499 časopisa, od kojih manji dio više nije aktivan. Na Hrčku je do sada ukupno objavljeno nešto više od 228.000 radova s cjelovitim tekstom.
Bibliografijom je obuhvaćeno razdoblje od 2009. do 2019. te se navode radovi iz 109 časopisa. Bibliografija je selektivna i uključeni su samo znanstveni radovi kategorizirani kao izvorni znanstveni rad, prethodno priopćenje i pregledni rad. Nisu uključeni stručni radovi, izlaganja sa znanstvenog skupa, tribine, rasprave, osvrti, bibliografije, prikazi knjiga i dr. Radovi obuhvaćeni bibliografijom objavljeni su na različitim jezicima: hrvatskom, engleskom, francuskom, njemačkom, srpskom i dr.
Dio radova objavljen je i dvojezično na hrvatskom i engleskom jeziku te su za takve radove u bibliografiji navedeni naslovi članaka na oba jezika.
U skladu s tematikom znanstveni radovi klasificirani su u sljedeće tematske grupe:
1. Općenito (1. – 12.),1
2. Iz povijesti migracija (13. – 113.),
3. Međunarodne migracije (114. – 159.),
4. Migracije u Europsku uniju (160. – 196.),
5. Migracije i tržište rada (197. – 236.),
6. Migrantsko poduzetništvo (237. – 240.),
7. Novčane doznake (241. – 243.),
8. Neregularne migracije (244. – 259.),
9. Krijumčarenje i trgovanje ljudima (260. – 269.),
10. Prisilne migracije (270. – 332.),
11. »Izbjeglička/Migrantska kriza« (333. – 379.),
12. Povratne migracije (380. – 391.),
13. Umirovljeničke migracije (392. – 393.),
14. Migracijske politike (394. – 439.),
15. Integracija (440. – 491.),
16. Interkulturalizam i multikulturalizam (492. – 517.),
17. Transnacionalizam i transnacionalni socijalni prostori (518. – 532.),
18. Migracije i sigurnost (533. – 553.),
19. Migracije i religija (554. – 560.),
20. Migracije i jezik (561. – 573.),
21. Migracije i žene (574. – 581.),
22. Migracije i zdravlje (582. – 592.),
23. Migracije i mediji (593. – 598.),
24. Migracije i umjetnost (599. – 609.),
25. Unutarnje migracije u Hrvatskoj (610. – 642.),
26. Hrvatsko iseljeništvo (643. – 681.),
27. Suvremeno iseljavanje iz Hrvatske (682. – 706.),
28. Doseljavanje u Hrvatsku (707. – 728.),
29. Demografski aspekti migracija (729. – 771.).
S obzirom na to da se radovi bave različitim aspektima migracija, dio njih istovremeno pripada u više od jedne tematske grupe.
Unutar pojedinih grupa radovi su popisani abecednim redom po prezimenima autora. Kod više radova istog autora unutar jedne grupe radovi su poredani kronološki, od najranijih do najstarijih. Bibliografska jedinica sadržava sljedeće podatke: prezime, ime, godinu, naslov rada, ime časopisa, godište, broj i raspon stranica. Bibliografija sadržava i autorsko kazalo. Prezimena i imena autora u kazalu povezani su s brojem bibliografske jedinice, a navedeni su onako kako su navedeni u časopisu, tako da se verzije prezimena ili imena istog autora nalaze jedna iza druge. Pojedini radovi svrstani su u nekoliko tematskih cjelina, a brojevi u autorskom kazalu otisnuti su masno i obično, pri čemu masno otisnuti brojevi označavaju primarnu tematsku grupu u koju je bibliografska jedinica svrstana te pokazuju broj radova pojedinog autora
Enemy at the Gates? Or How Students of Law from Four Largest Croatian Cities Perceive Refugees and Migrants from the Middle East
Get PDFU radu se analiziraju stavovi studenata pravnih fakulteta o migrantima s Bliskog istoka i azilantima u Republici Hrvatskoj. Podaci su prikupljeni metodom ankete sredinom 2019. godine na pravnim fakultetima u Zagrebu, Rijeci, Splitu i Osijeku (N = 667). Konceptualni okvir za objašnjenje tih stavova primarno nalazimo u teorijama konfliktnog pristupa, tj. teoriji grupne prijetnje i teoriji integrirane prijetnje. U tom kontekstu analizira se kako studenti prava doživljavaju migrante s Bliskog istoka i azilante u Hrvatskoj te smatraju li ih stvarnom ili simboličnom prijetnjom za Hrvatsku i zemlje EU-a. U radu se također ispituju razlike u stavovima među studentima različitih sociodemografskih i sociokulturnih karakteristika. Rezultati su pokazali da su politička orijentacija, stupanj (ne)religioznosti i gradovi iz kojih ispitanici dolaze značajno povezani sa stavovima studenta prema migrantima i azilantima. Također se pokazalo da postoji značajna povezanost između stavova prema azilantima u RH i općenitih stavova koje ispitanici imaju prema migrantima s Bliskog istoka, pri čemu najsnažniji, pozitivni učinak na stavove o migrantima imaju spremnost na bliskost i kulturna otvorenost prema azilantima te izostanak percepcije azilanata kao potencijalne ili stvarne prijetnje za društvo u koje dolaze.In this paper the authors analyse the attitudes of law students towards migrants from the Middle East and refugees in the Republic of Croatia. Survey was conducted in 2019 at four Croatian faculties of law: in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Osijek (N=667). The conceptual framework was primarily based in conflict theories, i.e., group threat theory and integrated threat
theory. The aim of the study was to analyse how students of law perceive migrants from the Middle East and refugees in Croatia, and whether they consider them to be a real or symbolic threat to Croatia and EU countries. The paper also examines differences in attitudes among students of different sociodemographic and sociocultural characteristics. The results showed that political orientation, degree of (non)religiosity and cities from which respondents come are significantly related to students’ attitudes towards migrants and refugees. It has also been determined that there is a significant correlation between the attitudes towards refugees in the Republic of Croatia and the general attitudes of respondents towards migrants from the Middle East. The strongest, positive effect on these attitudes had the readiness for closeness and
cultural openness towards refugees and lack of perception that refugees pose potential or real threat to society in which they are moving to
The Impact of EU Citizenship on Migrant Integration. The Case of Highly Skilled Migrants from Southeast Europe in Brussels
Get PDFMigrations undertaken by highly skilled persons assume an important position in knowledge societies, especially in large global cities where there is a need for their work. This article is based on qualitative research conducted in Brussels in 2014, working with a sample (N=20) of highly skilled migrants from Southeast Europe. Through applying Bosswick and Heckmann's (2006) analytical framework, this research examines the influence of European Union citizenship on the system and social dimension to the integration of the researched group. Under system integration, the gaining and enacting of citizenship rights receives special attention, while with social integration, the identificational dimension to integration is in focus. The research results demonstrated that the possession of EU citizenship influences the integration outcome – to a greater extent in the case of system integration, and to a lesser extent with social integration. Given that the integration of highly skilled migrants in Brussels occurs within "international strata", rather than a national culture framework, the classic integration model does not function in Brussels. In the case of the integration of highly skilled migrants in a global city such as Brussels, it was shown that migrants do not attach an importance to (national) citizenship as long as they have EU citizenship. Highly skilled migrants from third countries do attach an importance to national citizenship so long as they do not have a work permit with which they are regulating their stay and provided that they plan to settle for a long time in Belgium.Migracije visokoobrazovanih zauzimaju važno mjesto u društvima znanja, posebno u velikim svjetskim gradovima gdje postoji potreba za njihovim radom. Rad se temelji na kvalitativnom istraživanju provedenom 2014. godine u Bruxellesu na uzorku (N=20) visokoobrazovanih migranata iz jugoistočne Europe. Primjenom analitičkog okvira Wolfganga Bosswicka i Friedricha Heckmanna (2006) u istraživanju se ispituje utjecaj građanstva Europske unije na sistemsku i socijalnu dimenziju integracije istraživane skupine. Posebna pažnja u okviru sistemske integracije pridaje se stjecanju i realiziranju prava na državljanstvo, a kod socijalne integracije identifikacijskoj dimenziji integracije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da posjedovanje građanstva Europske unije utječe na integracijske ishode pri čemu u većoj mjeri u slučaju sistemske integracije, a u manjoj kada je riječ o socijalnoj integraciji. S obzirom na to da se integracija visokoobrazovanih migranata u Bruxellesu odvija u okviru "međunarodne strate", a ne u okviru nacionalne kulture, klasični integracijski obrazac u Bruxellesu ne funkcionira. Pokazalo se da u slučaju integracije visokoobrazovanih migranata u globalnom gradu kao što je Bruxelles migranti ne pridaju važnost (nacionalnom) državljanstvu ako imaju građanstvo Europske unije. Visokoobrazovani migranti iz trećih država pridaju mu važnost tek tada kada nemaju radnu dozvolu kojom reguliraju i boravak te ako se u Belgiji planiraju trajno nastaniti