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Sade, la démocratie et le mal
No full textInternational audienceDans ce livre, j'analyse les théories de la liberté d'expression du Marquis de Sade ainsi que leur importance dans la philosophie politique et le droit
Emerging Trends in Korean Linguistics in Southern Europe : Descriptive, Contrastive, and Typological Perspectives.
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Dragani, A., 2026, "La clochardisation des étudiants touaregs francophones en Mauritanie. Entre exclusion linguistique, déclassement et logement précaire", in S. Corlean (éd.), Mobilité et migration dans l'espace francophone, Éditions de l'Université de Bucarest (in print)
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Quand les mots disent les choses: Une archéologie linguistique de la dyade mère-enfant
No full textInternational audienceThis paper tests the hypothesis that certain sound–meaning patterns associated with “mother” and “breast” may reflect a very ancient codiffusion, inherited from the earliest migrations of Homo sapiens and from the centrality of the mother–infant dyad. Within a framework of “linguistic archaeology,” four phonotactic traits are examined across 2,959 languages (“mother”) and 7,322 languages (“breast”) from the Lexibank and ASJP databases: [n]/[ŋ] and [na]/[ŋa] in initial position for “mother,” and [mu] and [amu] for “breast.” Their distribution is assessed through spatial analyses (Moran’s I, binomial z-scores on 2°×2° grids, random permutations, great-circle distances). The results reveal a non-random structuring for [n]/[ŋ] and [mu], with hotspots in Africa, South Asia, Island Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia, regions that align with the southern routes of early Homo sapiens dispersal. The forms [na] and [amu], more geographically restricted, appear as regional archaisms. The strong geographic co-occurrence between [n]/[na] and [mu], contrasting with the limited spread of [amu], suggests an ancient lexical core linking “mother” and “breast,” not reducible to articulatory biases alone. Without positing a single protolanguage, the study shows that linguistic areology can reveal fossil traces of an early cultural structuring around the mother–infant dyad, providing partial support for the hypothesis of an initial cultural unity disseminated during the first out-of-Africa dispersals of Homo sapiens.Cet article teste l’hypothèse selon laquelle certains patrons son/sens associés à « mère » et « sein » pourraient refléter une codiffusion très ancienne, héritée des premières migrations d’Homo sapiens et de la centralité de la dyade mère-enfant. Dans une perspective d’« archéologie linguistique », quatre traits phonotactiques sont examinés dans 2 959 langues (« mère ») et 7 322 langues (« sein ») issues des bases Lexibank et ASJP : [n]/[ŋ] et [na]/[ŋa] en initiale de « mère » ; [mu] et [amu] pour « sein ». Leur distribution est évaluée via des analyses spatiales (Moran I, z-scores sur grilles 2°×2°, permutations aléatoires, distances orthodromiques). Les résultats révèlent une structuration non aléatoire pour [n]/[ŋ] et [mu], avec des foyers en Afrique, Asie du Sud, Insulinde, Mélanésie et Australie, soit des zones concordant avec les routes australes des premières dispersions d’homo sapiens. Les formes [na] et [amu], plus localisées, apparaissent comme des archaïsmes régionaux. La forte cooccurrence géographique entre [n]/[na] et [mu], contrastant avec la diffusion restreinte de [amu], suggère un noyau lexical ancien liant « mère » et « sein », non réductible aux seuls biais articulatoires. Sans postuler de protolangage, l’étude montre que l’aréologie linguistique permet d’identifier des traces fossiles d’une structuration culturelle précoce autour de la dyade mère-enfant, offrant un appui partiel à l’hypothèse d’une unité culturelle initiale diffusée avec les premières sorties d’Afrique d’Homo sapiens
Se, Ka, La, Yi: When Bimo “Experience” Shamanic and Cosmic Submutances
No full textInternational audienceThe concept of “submutance” is composed of the prefix “sub” (“that which underlies”) and the root mutare (“to move” or “to change”). This term was first introduced by Léon Vandermeersch in 2013 to avoid the use of the word “substance” (stare referring to immobility) in reference to Chinese concepts not related to ontological issues and to what is static. The present paper aims to extend the discussion by focusing on four submutances “manipulated” by Yunnan shamans called bimo (tibeto-burman speakers): Se is a submutance transmitted between shamans; it animates all things, including the shaman himself and his manuscripts. Ka is a regenerative submutance offered to the ancestors; it crystallises the submutances of the universe. La is the fertilising submutance linked to the world of the dead and closely related to the primordial ancestors. Yi animates and gives life to everything in the cosmos. Se, ka, la, and yi have less to do with a shamanic “personal” and “metaphysical” experience than with a metacosmological experience whereby all of them are linked through the bimo who make them interact by chanting his writings. It is from his doubled body (flesh and bone on one side, blood and writing on the other) that he orchestrates their movements
Ethical and methodological insights: an interdisciplinary study of letters written by Jews interned in the Drancy camp during the Second World War
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the methodological and ethical challenges raised by an interdisciplinary study that investigates the functions of correspondence in contexts of wartime isolation, using as its paradigm the letters written by individuals interned as Jews in the Drancy camp during the Second World War, within the context of the Shoah. Bringing together psychology and contemporary history, the project seeks to illuminate the complex human issues related to a major historical and socio-political event – the Second World War. The article outlines a multi-stage qualitative methodology combining different levels of analysis. It demonstrates how engagement with such historically and emotionally charged archives requires a revision of conventional research and theoretical frameworks. Interdisciplinary dialogue is presented as a safeguard against over-interpretation and anachronistic readings. Finally, the article addresses the ethical tensions inherent in analysing intimate Shoah-related documents, underscoring the need for reflexivity, and the collective processing of emotional responses
1989 in the East. Between Order and Subversion
No full textApril 15, 2026 by RoutledgeInternational audience1989 in the East revisits the processes that led to the collapse of communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe, the Balkans and the USSR. This disintegration appeared to be the result of complex mobilisations where the repertoires of action, the institutional and non-institutional ties, the ideological preferences, and the identities of the actors, including the most official ones, have been profoundly changed. The modes of contestation have gone from a self-limited subversion of established institutions, with some forms of collaboration with the regime, to much clearer and more radical forms of head-on opposition. Opposition movements developed according to rhythms and modalities specific to each country, sometimes to each social sphere. Social mobilisations, institutional transformations (both visible and less visible), and the emergence of new actors in all social spheres are therefore central issues in this book.This book, based on rich empirical material, will be of interest to specialists in the region, as well as, more generally, to students of regime change and collapse, political crises, social movements, authoritarian regimes, and the forms of mobilisation that develop within them
Low socioeconomic status amplifies the perceived rarity of large rewards
No full textInternational audienceDecision-making relies on heuristics derived from past experiences that likely vary with socioeconomic status. We investigate socioeconomic differences in people's reliance on a risk-reward heuristic, which exploits the tendency for larger rewards to be less probable in the world. In simulations, we show that a stronger relationship between rewards and their occurrence probability is expected under conditions of scarcity and high competition when foraging for resources. We then developed lottery and vignette tasks in which participants estimated the probability of rewards of different magnitudes. We found, and replicated, that participants with lower socioeconomic status (n = 144) rate larger rewards as less probable, but smaller rewards as more probable, than participants with higher socioeconomic status (n = 154). The same interaction was observed when comparing success probabilities of competitive foragers in environments where resources are scarce versus abundant. Telling participants about different levels of scarcity and competition in the vignettes altered their probability estimates in a manner consistent with the foraging model. We suggest that the heuristics used by people with lower socioeconomic status are a concrete adaptation to experiences of scarcity. This means psychological socioeconomic differences will persist unless actions directly tackle scarcity
