Portail HAL EHESS (École des hautes études en sciences sociales)
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Earth construction from past to present: Initial results of the ethnoarchaeological program in the Gobaad Basin (Republic of Djibouti, Dikhil region)
No full textInternational audienceArchitectural studies are of great interest in considering variations in social phenomena. This ethnoarchaeological program therefore focuses on the evolution of building techniques, both in relation to the recent prehistory of Western Asia, and the current context through field surveys carried out in Djibouti. The aim of this article is to present the results of our study conducted in the Gobaad basin (2022-2023) among the Afar and Issa entities by documenting the techniques (materials, layout techniques, morphology of the buildings), referencing practices and socio-cultural context, identifying the networks involved in the dissemination of practices and defining the learning processes in earth construction.The results of this research show three scenarios. The architectural diversity among the Afar reflect a certain fluidity of social practices, which translates in the architecture into a diverse range of techniques. On the contrary, the standardized architectural traits observed among the the spread of moulded mud brick indicate social compartmentalization and a closed identity. Finally, the adoption by the two communities of an architectural type exogenous to the Gobaad basin allows to formulate a demic diffusion with the adoption of an "Ethiopian style". These results contribute to our research on the Neolithic of Western Asia by providing socio-cultural, economic and historical interpretations
Abondance frugale contre austérité pléthorique : pratiques de subsistance dans les Alpes françaises
No full textInternational audienceThis article looks at the contrast between the political unacceptability and great subjective difficulty of agreeing to even slight reductions in consumption for ecological reasons and the way in which, on the contrary, some populations can implement alternative lifestyle choices that correspond to much more drastic renunciations, without experiencing them as restrictions but as potentially liberating lifestyle choices that enable them to live more fully. It is based on a study of rural alternatives and neo-peasants encountered during ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the Southern French Alps during twenty or so one- to two-week stays at workplaces or food production sites. As well as developing the ways in which these lifestyles are lived and raising the question of assessing their socio-ecological footprint on a wider scale, the aim is to highlight the way in which an ecology rooted in subsistence practices and based on a complete recomposition of relations to wage-earning, work, consumption and the State contrasts with an institutional approach to the rationing necessary against a backdrop of disaster, which aims to impose restrictions without changing the fundamental structures of society. This will involve questioning the moralising approach of restriction and imposed sobriety as it appears in the paradox of a plethoric consumer society in a permanent state of austerity opposed to the possibility of subjective abundance in simplicity.Cet article s’interroge sur l’écart entre, d’une part, l’inacceptabilité politique et la grande difficulté subjective de consentir à des réductions pourtant légères de la consommation pour des raisons écologiques et, d’autre part, la façon dont au contraire certaines personnes peuvent mettre en oeuvre des modes de vie alternatifs qui correspondent à des renoncements bien plus drastiques, sans pour autant les vivre comme des restrictions mais plutôt comme des choix au potentiel libérateur leur permettant de vivre plus pleinement. Il s’appuie sur l’étude de rencontres avec des personnes tentant de mettre en pratique des valeurs d’écologie et de décroissance par leurs pratiques agricoles professionnelles ou vivrières effectuées au cours d’un travail de terrain ethnographique mené dans le Sud des Alpes françaises lors d’une vingtaine de séjours d’une à deux semaines. En plus de développer les modalités régissant ces modes de vie et de poser la question de l’évaluation de leur impact socio-écologique sur une échelle plus large, il s’agit de mettre en évidence la façon dont une écologie ancrée dans les pratiques de subsistance et reposant sur une recomposition complète des relations au salariat, au travail, à la consommation et à l’État s’oppose à une approche institutionnelle du rationnement nécessaire sur fond de catastrophe qui vise à imposer des restrictions sans modifier les structures fondamentales de la société. Il s’agira alors d’interroger l’approche moralisatrice qui impose restriction et sobriété, telle qu’elle apparaît dans le paradoxe d’une société de consommation pléthorique en régime d’austérité permanent, en l’opposant à la possibilité d’une abondance subjective dans la simplicité
Valuing mortality risk reductions in the time of COVID-19: A stated-preference analysis
No full textInternational audienceLack of high-quality value per statistical life (VSL) studies in low- and middle-income countries have been recognized by scholars and analysts in the benefit-cost analysis field for decades. However, progress has been slow in addressing it. We estimated VSL in China using a stated-preference survey in the context of reducing mortality risks associated with COVID-19. The survey was administered in seven cities across China in 2022 with a purposive sampling approach, and consistency checks at different levels of stringency regarding willingness to pay (WTP) for mortality risk reductions of different magnitudes were used to screen respondents. The estimated VSL ranges from 8.0 million to 10.3 million Chinese Yuan, which is higher than previous estimates. Also previous studies found much higher VSL estimates from a subsample obtained with more stringent consistency check requiring that WTP be approximately proportional to the magnitude of mortality risk reduction, we did not find such a difference with our dataset. In addition, based on our anlaysis, respondents in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have higher VSL than those in second-tier cities such as Changchun, Chengdu, Wuhan and Xi’an; the VSL-age relationship shows a U-shaped pattern; and the collective experience of city lockdown has a negative impact on VSL. Other factors which were found to influence VSL include education, sector of work, health status, risk perception, behaviors (physical exercises, wearing face masks, getting vaccinated), knowledge, political identity, and trust in government
France (History of Legal Education) in Fiona Cownie, Anthony Bradney, Emma Jones (eds.), Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Legal Education, Elgar, 2025, p. 169-171.
No full textInternational audienceHistory of Legal Education in Franc
Les paradoxes écologiques des mobilités post-Covid
No full textInternational audienceLa pandémie de Covid-19 a-t-elle favorisé l’évolution vers des mobilités plus durables ? Pour conclure le dossier consacré à cette question, ses coordinateurs montrent les contradictions des tendances à l’œuvre, entre retour aux mobilités d’avant et inflexions vers un monde plus écologique
Insurrections in Iran: an off-site ethnography
No full textInternational audienceThe text explores the challenges and methods of research in repressive contexts, through the case of the Woman, Life, Freedom uprisings in Iran. Drawing on a study of post-revolutionary Iran, it discusses the production of empirical knowledge without direct presence, through digital tools and archival practices. Examining images, discourses and acts of revolt, such as unveiling, it analyzes a radical shift in collective values, affects, belongings and the relations between state and society
"Mais madame, vous mangez, là ?" Pratiques alimentaires au travail des agent⸱es de la restauration scolaire
No full textInternational audienc
Insight-seeking is consistent across domains and distinct from other forms of curiosity
No full textInternational audienc
History and the literary: a method of interdisciplinary enquiry into seventeenth- to twentieth-century France
No full textInternational audienceThis book makes available in English for the first time the work of the pioneering French interdisciplinary research group, Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur l'Histoire du Littéraire, better known as the GRIHL. Founded in 1997 by the historian, Christian Jouhaud, and the sociologist of literature, Alain Viala, the GRIHL's weekly seminar has been the crucible for the careers of a whole generation of scholars, working on social and political phenomenon of what it terms 'the literary' from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries, primarily but not exclusively in France, and pioneering an interdisciplinary perspective.The brainchild of Alain Viala, who died in 2021 and to whom it pays tribute, the book combines methodological position pieces and case studies, work done both individually and collectively as a seminar. The Introduction (Kate Tunstall and Christian Jouhaud) situates the GRIHL in the intellectual and institutional landscape and explains what is meant by 'the literary' (as distinct from 'literature'). Three powerful pieces on method - 'Opening Moves' - set out why the GRIHL approaches 'writings' rather than 'texts' and what happens when writing is viewed, as it is by the GRIHL, as a social act (Alain Cantillon, Laurence Giavarini, Dinah Ribard, Nicolas Schapira); what happens when place is viewed not as site but as situation (Mathilde Bombart and Alain Cantillon), and a publication not as an object but as an action (Christian Jouhaud and Alain Viala). The GRIHL's deep interdisciplinarity is evident in the two sets of case studies - 'Three Things to Think With', which includes urban riots (Nicolas Schapira), the literary canon (Laurence Gavarini), libertines and heretics (Sophie Houdard and Jean-Pierre Cavaillé) - and 'Seeing the Past', which deals with Romantic ruins (Judith Lyon-Caen), historical amnesia in Simenon (Christian Jouhaud), and the many figures of Watteau (Alain Viala). Together, these essays make clear what is truly distinctive about the GRIHL's approach. In critical conversation with J. L. Austin, Foucault, de Certeau, and others, including themselves, and with disciplines such as the history of the book and cultural studies, the GRIHL brings into view the many acts of writing that created, sustain - and block - our knowledge of the past
L'équipement informatique des familles calédoniennes et les usages des écrans des adolescents de 11 à 15 ans
No full textSynthèse visuelle des données relatives à l'équipement digital et à l'usage des écrans chez les adolescents vivant en Nouvelle-Calédonie et âgés de 11 à 15 ans. Les données ont été obtenues dans le cadre du projet scientifique : Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle : exemple de la Nouvelle-CalédonieVisual summary of data on digital equipment and screen use among teenagers aged 11 to 15 living in New Caledonia. The data was obtained as part of the scientific project : "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle : exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie" [Eng: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia"]Synthèse visuelle des données relatives à l'équipement digital et à l'usage des écrans chez les adolescents vivant en Nouvelle-Calédonie et âgés de 11 à 15 ans. Les données ont été obtenues dans le cadre du projet scientifique : "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle : exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie