Portail HAL EHESS (École des hautes études en sciences sociales)
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Les lifestyle farmers étrangers, des trajectoires d’installation entre mobilisation des privilèges et valorisation de la précarité. Regards depuis les campagnes du Sud -Ouest français (Ariège, Dordogne)
No full textInternational audienceBased on an analysis of the agricultural settlement trajectories of foreign families from Northern and Western Europe in 2 sparsely populated French areas, this paper discusses the category of privileged migration in order to characterise an original social type. The latter is based on the combination of precariousness and privilege. International migration, coupled with settlements in agriculture, results in a biographical break that leads to a form of precariousness, understood as financial and social risk-taking. This risk is nevertheless accepted or even chosen, as migration is part of an aspiration to downshifting (Larsson, 2015). Settlement is based on a set of previously acquired capitals, which endow these individuals with a certain number of privileges, compounded by the context of the rural areas where they settle in. The discourse and practices of lifestyle farmers, added to the characterization of forms of precarity, ultimately lead us to put the idea of precarity into perspective. The new social situation appears to be the corollary of the new way of life, itself considered as a form of privilege, more specifically in terms of downshifting.À partir d’une analyse des trajectoires d’installation en agriculture de familles étrangères originaires d’Europe du Nord et de l’Ouest, dans deux territoires ruraux français, l’article discute de l’usage de la catégorie de « migrations privilégiées » pour caractériser un type social original. Ce dernier repose sur la combinaison de la précarité et du privilège. La migration internationale couplée à l’installation en agriculture occasionne une rupture biographique entraînant une forme de précarisation, entendue comme une prise de risque financier et social. Cette dernière est néanmoins acceptée, voire choisie, car la migration s’inscrit dans une aspiration au downshifting (Larsson, 2015). L’installation repose sur des capitaux acquis antérieurement, qui dotent ces individus d’un certain nombre de privilèges, redoublés par le contexte des espaces ruraux d’installation. Le discours et les pratiques des lifestyle farmers ainsi que la caractérisation des formes de précarisation amènent au final à relativiser l’idée de précarité : la nouvelle situation apparaît comme le corollaire du nouveau mode de vie, lui-même considéré comme une forme de privilège, plus spécifiquement à l’aune d’une lecture en termes de downshifting
Conserving Indigenous Lands through Heritage-Making: Reflections from an ongoing experiment
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La tâche de l’interprète : lectures d’une épître de fête, où l’on voit l’histoire de la langue racontée, de façon pour le moins inhabituelle, aux petits comme aux grands
No full textInternational audienceThe article explores the corpus of the Language Festivals through the study of a unicum: a short treatise in the form of an epistle (risâle), entitled Eski ve Yeni Yazı Dili (“The Old and the New Written Language”), composed and published by a lecturer-cum-speaker from Gaziantep, Yılmaz Dokuzoğuz, in 1934. A full translation of this specific document (and borderline case) is provided here. Its close and iterative reading highlights that the announcement of a “language revolution” could also serve to prolong the linguistic ordering of social statuses, particularly in the form of a diglossic theory of linguistic stratification. A work of composition, a collection of selected pieces drawing on the (pre-)Ottoman vein of the anthology or “mixed manuscript” (mecmû‘a) genre, this text celebrates the revolution through anecdotes, bringing together heterogeneous linguistic norms and temporalities. There rests a sui generis historiographical gesture, whereby the burden of proof lies in a contextualisation that is more philological than historical. At the crossroads of poetic art, political philosophy and prophetic fervour, the festive epistle invites a layered reading, summoning other celebratory texts by authors who never met (Voltaire, Horace, Cerquiglini, Paul of Tarsus). Vowed to uncertain posterity, the Antep preacher’s work ultimately returns the revolutionary gest to its share of misunderstandings and incongruities, putting ready-made interpretations to the test.L’article explore le corpus des Fêtes de la langue à travers l’étude d’un unicum : un court traité en forme d’épître (risâle), intitulé Eski ve Yeni Yazı Dili (« L’ancienne et la nouvelle langue écrite »), composé puis publié par un conférencier et orateur de Gaziantep, Yılmaz Dokuzoğuz, en 1934. Ce document limite est ici proposé en traduction intégrale. Une lecture rapprochée et répétée conduit à souligner que l’annonce d’une « révolution de la langue » pouvait aussi servir à proroger les ordonnancements langagiers des statuts sociaux, notamment sous la forme d’une théorie diglossiste de la stratification linguistique. Œuvre de composition, florilège de morceaux choisis dans la veine (pré-)ottomane de l’anthologie ou du « manuscrit-mélange » (mecmû‘a), ce texte célèbre la révolution au moyen d’anecdotes, fait s’entrechoquer des normativités et des temporalités linguistiques hétérogènes. C’est là un geste historiographique sui generis, où la charge de la preuve relève d’une contextualisation plus philologique qu’historique. Au point de rencontre d’un art poétique, d’une philosophie politique et d’un élan prophétique, l’épître festive invite à une lecture feuilletée, convoquant d’autres textes célébratoires dont les auteurs (Voltaire, Horace, Cerquiglini, Paul de Tarse) ne se rencontrèrent jamais. Vouée à d’incertaines postérités, l’œuvre du prêcheur d’Antep renvoie in fine la geste révolutionnaire à son lot de malentendus et d’incongruités, à revers des lectures toutes faites
Encountering Universals in Cambodia and Indonesia—Translations Across Historical Multiplicity
No full textInternational audienceUniversals are abstract aspirations that claim to transform the status quo to a better future. They are particulars born in specific cultural, socio-political, and economic settings that aim to generalise across difference as they travel globally. While the contemporary grand schemes under scrutiny in this special issue circulate in Cambodia and Indonesia as part of economic neo-liberalism, rights-based liberalism, or environmental crisis management, they encounter other universals that predate the current era of development. It is thus necessary to carefully consider the influence of previous models to grasp how universals are translated across the region today. Based on the assumption that the universal is multiple, we argue that it is important to focus on these dimensions of its multiplicity and historicity in order to study how processes of (dis)engagement unfold. To grapple this complexity, this special issue brings forth novel forms of translation that will enrich the dynamic reflections on this concept
De la démence à la résistance. La ‘folie’ de Benoît Ogoula Iquaqua (A.E.F., 1932-33)
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New Romance : Anatomie d'un phénomène éditorial
No full textInternational audienceEn 2024, 30 des 100 romans les plus vendus en France sont des romans sentimentaux. Longtemps cantonnée aux marges du champ littéraire, la romance opère une percée spectaculaire, hybridant les genres (fantasy, thriller) et bouleversant les repères du marché du livre. Ce livre propose une enquête sociologique sur ce phénomène éditorial parfois sulfureux. Celui-ci interpelle d’autant plus qu’il a longtemps été ignoré, hormis des jeunes femmes qui constituent l’essentiel de son lectorat. De la fanfiction sur Wattpad aux éditions collector en librairie, de la littérature adolescente aux récits érotiques, la New Romance constitue un témoin privilégié des mutations contemporaines du marché du livre, des pratiques de lecture et des formes éditoriales. En croisant analyse des contenus, enquête sur le succès, la création, l’édition, la diffusion, la promotion de ces livres comme sur les réactions qu’ils suscitent, cet ouvrage apporte un éclairage bienvenu sur ce récent mouvement éditorial
Quel lien entre pensée socialiste de l’économie planifiée et réflexivité écologique ? Le cas de Karl W. Kapp
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Patterns of perinatal exposure to PUFAs and child neurodevelopment: evidence from Mendelian randomization using FADS cluster variants
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The potential causal effects of perinatal exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on child neurodevelopment remains controversial. Objective: To infer causation, we assessed the association of perinatal PUFA patterns and child neurodevelopment by using conventional regression analyses and 1-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods: Among 1096 mother-child pairs from the French Etude des D eterminants Pr e-et Postnatals du D eveloppement de la Sant e de L'enfant cohort, patterns of perinatal exposure to PUFAs were previously identified combining PUFA levels from maternal and cord erythrocytes, and colostrum. Child verbal, performance, and full-scale intelligence quotients (IQs) were assessed at ages 5-6 y. Among maternal fatty acid desaturase (FADS) variants genotyped, 2 candidates, rs174546 (FADS1) and rs174634 (FADS3), were selected, as instrumental variables, for the MR analysis. The association of PUFA patterns with child IQ was examined by conventional multivariable linear regression and 2-stage least-squares MR regression.Results: In the conventional approach, the first pattern "high omega-3 long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs), low omega-6 LC-PUFAs" was positively associated with verbal IQ [β (95% confidence interval) ¼ 1.24 (0.27, 2.21) points per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in pattern] and full-scale IQ [1.11 (0.18, 2.05)]. This pattern was independent of FADS variants, rendering MR analysis inapplicable. The third pattern, "colostrum LC-PUFAs," was positively associated with verbal [1.11 (0.19, 2.02)], performance [1.01 (0.09, 1.93)], and full-scale IQ [1.13 (0.25, 2.01)]. The MR approach, based on genetic instruments strongly associated with the third pattern, supported the beneficial effect on performance IQ [2.93 (0.05, 5.81) points per 1 SD increase in genetically predicted pattern]. The MR also suggested a deleterious effect of the fourth pattern "linoleic acid (LA) and dihomo-gammalinolenic acid (DGLA)" on performance IQ [-1.66 (-3.22, -0.09)].Conclusions: These findings supported the potential beneficial effects of perinatal exposure to LC-PUFAs on child neurodevelopment while highlighting possible adverse effects associated with exposure to LA and DGLA.</div
Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries
No full textInternational audienceScience is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, mScience is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policymaking. We found variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual- and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists.ost people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policymaking. We found variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual-and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists.</div