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THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SKLEROSIS
No full textMultipla skleroza je dugotrajna upalna bolest centralnog živčanog sustava, primarno obilježena demijelinizacijom. Predstavlja jedan od tri najčešća uzroka teške onesposobljenosti kod mladih ljudi. Simptomi variraju ovisno o lokalizaciji lezija, a mogu biti vrlo izraženi ili klinički neprepoznatljivi mjesecima ili godinama. Pri procjeni ukupnog psihofizičkog stanja bolesnika s multiplom sklerozom, potrebno je uzeti u obzir ne samo objektivne neurološke nalaze, već i subjektivnu percepciju simptoma i znakova, što se očituje kroz kvalitetu života. Kvaliteta života varira ovisno o stupnju i tijeku bolesti. Umor, anksioznost, seksualna disfunkcija, depresija, nedostatak socijalne podrške, nuspojave lijekova su čimbenici koji utječu na kvalitetu života kod osoba boljelih od multiple skleroze. Niža kvaliteta života često je povezana s nepredvidivim tijekom bolesti, gubitkom radnog mjesta, ovisnošću o drugima, potrebom za tehničkim pomagalima, te socijalnim i ekonomskim statusom pacijenta. Najčešće korišteni instrumenti uključuju generičke upitnike kao što su SF-36 i EQ-5D, te specifične upitnike poput MSQoL-54. Iako trenutno ne postoji lijek, postoje učinkoviti načini za upravljanje bolesti. Fizioterapija je ključna komponenta liječenja multiple skleroze, a pomaže u održavanju i poboljšanju fizičke funkcionalnosti, smanjenju simptoma i povećanju mobilnosti. Različite vježbe, poput vježbi disanja, vježbi za ravnotežu, vježbi relaksacije, vježbi koordinacije, te terapije poput elektroterapije, hidroterapije, manualne masaže i hipoterapije, mogu značajno poboljšati zdravlje i kvalitetu života oboljelih od multiple skleroze. Vježbe disanja utječu na kapacitet pluća, vježbe za balans poboljšavaju stabilnost, vježbe relaksacije smanjuju stres i napetost mišića, vježbe koordinacije poboljšavaju motoričke sposobnosti i koordinaciju pokreta, a vježbe snage jačaju mišiće i povećavaju izdržljivost. Programi vježbanja moraju biti individualno prilagođeni kako bi se postigli što bolji rezultati. Edukacija oboljelih pomaže da bolje razumiju bolest i nađu načine kako se nositi s njom, dok emocionalna i socijalna podrška pomaže u smanjenju osjećaja izolacije i depresije.Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, primarily characterized by demyelination. It is one of the three most common causes of severe disability in young people. Symptoms of multiple sclerosis depending on the location of lesions in the central nervous system and can be very pronounced or clinically unnoticeable for months or years. When assessing the overall psychophysical state of a patients with multiple sclerosis, it is necessary to consider the objective neurological findings, as well as the subjective perception of symptoms and signs, expressed through quality of life. The quality of life varies depending on the stage and course of the disease. Fatigue, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, depression, lack of social support, and medication side effects are factors that affect the quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Lower quality of life is often associated with the unpredictable course of the disease, job loss, dependence on others, the need for technical aids, and the social and economic status of the patient. Commonly used instruments include generic questionnaires like SF-36 and EQ-5D, as well as specific questionnaires like MSQoL-54. Although there is no cure, there are effective ways to manage the disease. Physiotherapy has a significant role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, helping to maintain and improve physical functionality, reduce symptoms, and increase mobility. Various exercises, such as breathing exercises, balance exercises, relaxation exercises, coordination exercises, and therapies like electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, manual massage, and hippotherapy, can significantly improve the health and quality of life of those with multiple sclerosis. Breathing exercises improve lung capacity, balance exercises enhance stability, relaxation exercises reduce stress and muscle tension, coordination exercises improve motor skills and movement coordination, and strength exercises strengthen muscles and increase endurance. Exercise programs must be individually tailored to achieve the best results. Educating patients helps them better understand the disease and find ways to cope with it, while emotional and social support helps reduce feelings of isolation and depression
BIOMECHANICAL GAIT ANALYSIS 6 MONTHS AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Get PDFCilj rada je prikazati biomehaničke parametre hoda snimljene 6 mjeseci nakon ACLR-a na profesionalnoj rukometašici te na temelju tih podataka predložiti moguće smjernice u korekciji tih parametara. Ovaj rad se sastoji od dva dijela: teoretski dio i istraživački dio – prikaz slučaja. U prvom dijelu prikazane su: faze hoda, biomehanika lokomotornog sustava čovjeka, anatomija koljena, biomehanika koljena, anatomija ACL-a, biomehanika ACL-a, mehanizmi nastanka ozljede ACL-a, epidemiologija, operativni i konzervativni pristup liječenju i na koji način se može raditi rekonstrukcija ACL-a. Koljeno je kompleksan zglob sa puno mekih struktura unutar i oko zgloba. Najčešća ozljeda u koljenu je ozljeda ACL-a. Četiri su najčešća mehanizma nastanka ozljede: mehanizam nagle deceleracije, mehanizam iznenadne i jake hiperekstenzije, mehanizam iznenadne i jake promjene smjera, mehanizam doskoka na puno i fiksirano stopalo. Žene imaju veći rizik od rupture ACL-a. Liječenju se može pristupiti operativno i konzervativno. Sportaši najčešće biraju operativno liječenje jer se žele vratiti bavljenju sportom. ACL se sastoji od tri snopa – anteromedijalni, posterolateralni i intermedijalni. Hvatište na femuru se nalazi na posteromedijalnom dijelu lateralnog kondila, a hvatište na tibii se nalazi između lateralnog i medijalnog kondila, ali s anteriorne strane interkodilarne jame. Glavne zadaće ACL-a su: priječi anteriornu translaciju tibie, unutarnju rotaciju tibie i valgus poziciju koljena. U radu je prikazan jedan slučaj ACLR-a. Promatrani i analizirani su kinematika i EMG hoda 6 mjeseci nakon operacije. Utvrđene su asimetrije na temelju kojih smo donijeli određene zaključke o samoj rehabilitaciji. Biomehanička analiza hoda je svakako preporučljiva za bolje i kvalitetnije praćenje razvoja rehabilitacije i u konačnici za što raniji i sigurniji povratak sportu.The aim of the paper is to present the biomechanical gait parameters recorded 6 months after ACLR on a professional handball player and, based on these data, to propose possible guidelines for the correction of these parameters. This work consists of two parts: a theoretical part and a research part - a case report. The first part presents: phases of walking, biomechanics of the human locomotor system, anatomy of the knee, biomechanics of the knee, anatomy of the ACL, biomechanics of the ACL, mechanisms of ACL injury, epidemiology, operative and conservative approach to treatment and how it can do ACL reconstruction. The knee is a complex joint with many soft structures inside and around the joint. The most common knee injury is an ACL injury. There are four most common mechanisms of injury: mechanism of sudden deceleration, mechanism of sudden and strong hyperextension, mechanism of sudden and strong change of direction, mechanism of landing on full and fixed foot. Women have a higher risk of ACL rupture. The treatment can be approached operatively and conservatively. Athletes most often choose operative treatment because they want to return to playing sports. The ACL consists of three bundles – anteromedial, posterolateral and intermediate. The grip on the femur is located on the posteromedial part of the lateral condyle, and the grip on the tibia is located between the lateral and medial condyles, but on the anterior side of the intercodylar fossa. The main tasks of the ACL are: prevention of anterior translation of the tibia, internal rotation of the tibia and valgus position of the knee. In the paper, one case of ACLR is presented. Gait kinematics and EMG were observed and analyzed 6 months after surgery. Asymmetries were identified, on the basis of which we reached certain conclusions about the rehabilitation itself. Biomechanical analysis of gait is certainly recommended (for better and better monitoring; for better monitoring) of the development of rehabilitation and ultimately for an earlier and safer return to sports
THE IMPORTANCE OF HYDROTHERAPY IN THE PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCESS FOR PERSONS WITH ANKYLOSANT SPONDILITIS
Get PDFoai:repozitorij.vsig.hr:vsig_150Hidroterapija je pojam koji podrazumijeva primjenu vode u svrhu liječenja i dio je fizioterapijskog procesa. Njezino korištenje počelo je u davnoj povijesti gdje su se vodom liječile bolesti koje tada nisu bile poznate, ali su imale pozitivne učinke. Voda ima tri svojstva koja su važna u rehabilitaciji, a to su uzgon, viskoznost i hidrostatski tlak. Neki autori u svojstva vode ubrajaju i toplinu vode. Oblici hidroterapije koji se koriste u procesu rehabilitacije su mokra galvanizacija, hidromasaža i vježbe u vodi, odnosno fizioterapijske vježbe u vodi, koje mogu biti u bazenu ili u specifičnim Hubbardovim kadama za nepokretne ili nepokretne bolesnike. Kod ankilozantnog spondilitisa fizikalne vježbe u vodi imaju dokazane pozitivne učinke i važan su dio rehabilitacijskog procesa. Plovnost je svojstvo vode koje smanjuje opterećenje zglobova, odnosno smanjuje težinu tijela i na taj način rasterećuje zglobove, što smanjuje ukočenost i bolove u zglobovima kod bolesnika s ankilozantnim spondilitisom. Hidrostatski tlak daje otpor pri vježbanju u vodi i time dovodi do povećanja snage i izdržljivosti muskulature. Toplina vode prenosi se na tijelo pacijenta, pa se tijelo brže zagrijava te se smanjuju bolovi i ukočenost. Primjeri vježbi u vodi uključuju hodanje u vodi, dizanje nogu, krugove rukama i verzije tradicionalnih vježbi u bazenu. Cilj je istražiti i analizirati ulogu hidroterapije kao jednog od ključnih terapijskih modaliteta u fizioterapijskog procesu osoba s ankilozantnim spondilitisom.Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, primarily characterized by demyelination. It is one of the three most common causes of severe disability in young people. Symptoms of multiple sclerosis depending on the location of lesions in the central nervous system and can be very pronounced or clinically unnoticeable for months or years. When assessing the overall psychophysical state of a patients with multiple sclerosis, it is necessary to consider the objective neurological findings, as well as the subjective perception of symptoms and signs, expressed through quality of life. The quality of life varies depending on the stage and course of the disease. Fatigue, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, depression, lack of social support, and medication side effects are factors that affect the quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Lower quality of life is often associated with the unpredictable course of the disease, job loss, dependence on others, the need for technical aids, and the social and economic status of the patient. Commonly used instruments include generic questionnaires like SF-36 and EQ-5D, as well as specific questionnaires like MSQoL-54. Although there is no cure, there are effective ways to manage the disease. Physiotherapy has a significant role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, helping to maintain and improve physical functionality, reduce symptoms, and increase mobility. Various exercises, such as breathing exercises, balance exercises, relaxation exercises, coordination exercises, and therapies like electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, manual massage, and hippotherapy, can significantly improve the health and quality of life of those with multiple sclerosis. Breathing exercises improve lung capacity, balance exercises enhance stability, relaxation exercises reduce stress and muscle tension, coordination exercises improve motor skills and movement coordination, and strength exercises strengthen muscles and increase endurance. Exercise programs must be individually tailored to achieve the best results. Educating patients helps them better understand the disease and find ways to cope with it, while emotional and social support helps reduce feelings of isolation and depression
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES AND REAHBILITATION FOR OSTEOPOROTIC SPINAL FRACTURES
No full textRehabilitacija nakon osteoporotskih prijeloma kralježnice je od važnosti za unaprjeđenje kvalitete života bolesnika, smanjenje boli i prevencije dodatnih komplikacija. Osteoporoza je bolest koja dovodi do smanjenja gustoće kostiju te čini kosti podložnijima prijelomu. U većini slučajeva, osoba sazna da ima osteoporozu nakon što joj se dogodi neki prijelom. Prijelomi kralježnice poseban su problem jer značajno utječu na pokretljivost i funkcionalnost. Rehabilitaciju započinjemo odmah nakon dijagnoze prijeloma pri čemu se u početnoj, odnosno akutnoj fazi radi na kontroli boli i zaštiti ozlijeđenog područja. Za ublažavanje boli primjenjuju se analgetici i protuupalni lijekovi. Također, kod akutne faze su glavni mirovanje i uporaba ortopedskih pomagala kao npr. ortoze. Nakon akutne faze, kreće se na postupno vraćanje pokretljivosti i jačanje mišića. Prije toga je važno obaviti kvalitetnu fizioterapijsku procjenu kako bismo uvidjeli na koje točno dijelove trebamo obratiti pažnju. Program vježbi se osmišljava tako da se radi na povećanju fleksibilnosti, poboljšanju stabilnosti te jačanju mišića leđa i trbuha koji pružaju potporu kralježnici. Fizioterapijski čimbenici su također od velike pomoći kod smanjenja bolova i upale, a neki od njih su krioterapija, magnetoterapija i terapijski laser. Aktivne, pasivne i ekstenzijske vježbe, kao i vježbe balansa i ravnoteže dio su rehabilitacijskog programa. Edukacija pacijenta je važan segment rehabilitacije. Uz to, multidisciplinarnim pristupom omogućujemo bolesniku brži povratak svakodnevnom životu te educiranost o osteoporozi i poboljšanju svoga zdravlja. Tako nutricionisti savjetuju unos namirnica bogate kalcijem i primjena vitamina D. Cilj rehabilitacije je omogućiti bolesniku povratak svakodnevnim aktivnostima uz minimalnu bol i maksimalnu funkcionalnost. Uspješan rehabilitacijski program smanjuje rizik budućih prijeloma, poboljšava zdravlje i omogućuje bolesnicima ponovnu neovisnost.Rehabilitation after osteoporotic spinal fractures is crucial for improving the quality of life of patients, reducing pain, and preventing further complications. Osteoporosis is a disease that leads to a decrease in bone density, making bones more susceptible to fractures. In most cases, a person discovers they have osteoporosis after experiencing a fracture. Spinal fractures are a particular problem because they significantly affect mobility and functionality. Rehabilitation begins immediately after the diagnosis of a fracture, with the initial, or acute, phase focusing on pain control and protecting the injured area. Pain relief is achieved using analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Additionally, rest is essential during the acute phase, and orthopedic aids, such as orthoses, are used. Following the acute phase, the focus shifts to gradually restoring mobility and strengthening muscles. Before this, a thorough physiotherapeutic assessment is crucial to determine the specific areas needing attention. The exercise program is designed to increase flexibility, improve stability, and strengthen the back and abdominal muscles that support the spine. Physiotherapeutic interventions, such as cryotherapy, magnetotherapy, and therapeutic lasers, are also highly beneficial in reducing pain and inflammation. The rehabilitation program includes active exercises, passive exercises, extension exercises, balance, and stability exercises. Patient education is a vital segment of rehabilitation. Additionally, a multidisciplinary approach enables the patient to return to daily life more quickly and become educated about osteoporosis and how to improve their health. Nutritionists advise patients on consuming foods rich in calcium and the use of vitamin D. The goal of rehabilitation is to enable the patient to return to daily activities with minimal pain and maximum functionality. A successful rehabilitation program reduces the risk of future fractures, improves health, and enables patients to regain independence
KINESIOTHERAPY IN THE REHABILITATION OF ELBOW EPICONDYLITIS
No full textEpikondilitis lakta, najzastupljenija je ozljeda u sportovima i profesijama koje podrazumijevaju ponavljajuće kontrakcije mišića. Zbog svoje kompleksne anatomije, lakat je često izložen ozljedama, frakturama ili oštećenjima ligamenata i tetiva. Lateralni epikondil, poznatiji kao „teniski lakat“, češće je zahvaćen od medijalnog epikondila, poznatijeg kao „golferski“ ili „hokejski lakat“. Epikondilitis lakta najčešće se javlja u srednjoj životnoj dobi između 35 i 50 godina, te podjednako u oba spola. Tijekom dijagnoze epikondilitisa lakta koriste se razni testovi za lateralni i medijalni epikondil. Navedeni testovi detaljnije su opisani u radu kao i fizioterapijski postupci koji se najčešće koriste u rehabilitaciji. Cilj rada bio je opisati sindrom prenaprezanja epikondilitisa lakta te cijeli rehabilitacijski postupak s naglaskom na prikaz kineziterapije. Također, u radu je detaljno opisan program kineziterapijskih vježbi u rehabilitaciji epikondilitisa lakta.Elbow epicondylitis is the most common injury in sports and professions that involve repetitive muscle contractions. Due to its complex anatomy, the elbow is often exposed to injuries, fractures, or damage to ligaments and tendons. The lateral epicondyle, better known as "tennis elbow," is more frequently affected than the medial epicondyle, better known as "golfer's elbow" or "hockey elbow." Elbow epicondylitis most commonly occurs in middle-aged individuals between 35 and 50 years, and it affects both sexes equally. Various tests are used to diagnose lateral and medial epicondylitis of the elbow. These tests are described in detail in the paper, along with the physiotherapy procedures most commonly used in rehabilitation. The aim of the paper was to describe the overuse syndrome of elbow epicondylitis and the entire rehabilitation process, with an emphasis on kinesitherapy. Additionally, the paper provides a detailed description of the kinesitherapy exercise program used in the rehabilitation of elbow epicondylitis
SPECIFICITIES OF THE REHABILITATION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES IN FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS
Get PDFRehabilitacija ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta (ACL) kod nogometašica složen je proces koji zahtijeva specifične pristupe zbog razlika u anatomskim, biomehaničkim i fiziološkim karakteristikama muškaraca i žena. Ova je ozljeda relativno česta u sportovima koji uključuju nagle promjene smjera, skakanje i doskok, kao što je nogomet, a posebno je osjetljiva na ove ozljede kod žena, koje imaju nekoliko anatomskih i biomehaničkih karakteristika koje povećavaju rizik od ozljede ACL-a. Na primjer, žene imaju veći kut između bedrene kosti i potkoljenice (tzv. Q-kut), što povećava pritisak na zglob koljena. Osim toga, relativno manja veličina interkondilarnog usjeka (prostora kroz koji prolazi ACL) kod žena može dovesti do povećanog rizika od ozljeda. Razlike u snazi mišića, posebno omjer između snage kvadricepsa i tetive koljena, također mogu izložiti žene većem riziku. Osim toga, relativno manja veličina interkondilarnog usjeka (prostora kroz koji prolazi ACL) kod žena može dovesti do povećanog rizika od ozljeda. Razlike u mišićnoj snazi, posebice omjeru snage kvadricepsa i tetive koljena, također mogu doprinijeti oporavku od rekonstrukcije ACL-a kod nogometašica. Rehabilitacija nakon rekonstrukcije ACL-a uključuje specifične korake i faze koje se moraju prilagoditi kako bi se smanjio rizik od ponovne ozljede i osigurati siguran povratak na mjesto. Hormonalne promjene tijekom menstrualnog ciklusa mogu utjecati na stabilnost zglobova i povećati rizik od ozljeda, stoga je važno uzeti u obzir te faktore pri planiranju rehabilitacije za nogometašice. Prevencija ozljeda za žene uključuje posebne programe koji uključuju jačanje mišića, propriocepcijske vježbe i edukaciju o pravilnim tehnikama skakanja i doskoka. Rehabilitacija ozljeda ACL-a kod nogometašica je složen proces koji zahtijeva pažljivo planiranje i specijalizirani pristup za siguran i učinkovit povratak u sport. Potrebno je uzeti u obzir specifičnosti ženskog tijela i individualne karakteristike svake sportašice kako bi se postigli optimalni rezultati i smanjio rizik od ponovne ozljede.Rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female soccer players is a complex process that requires specific approaches due to the differences in anatomical, biomechanical and physiological characteristics of men and women. This injury is relatively common in sports that involve sudden changes of direction, jumping and landing, such as football, and is particularly susceptible to these injuries in women, who have several anatomical and biomechanical characteristics that increase the risk of ACL injury. For example, women have a larger angle between the femur and lower leg (the so-called Q-angle), which increases the pressure on the knee joint. In addition, the relatively smaller size of the intercondylar notch (the space through which the ACL passes) in women may lead to an increased risk of injury. Differences in muscle strength, particularly the ratio between quadriceps and hamstring strength, may also put women at greater risk. In addition, the relatively smaller size of the intercondylar notch (the space through which the ACL passes) in women may lead to an increased risk of injury. Differences in muscle strength, particularly the ratio of quadriceps to hamstring strength, may also contribute to recovery from ACL reconstruction in female soccer players. Rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction involves specific steps and phases that must be adapted to minimize the risk of re-injury and ensure a safe return to site. Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can affect joint stability and increase the risk of injury, so it is important to consider these factors when planning rehabilitation for female soccer players. Injury prevention for women includes specific programs that include muscle strengthening, proprioception exercises, and education on proper jumping and landing techniques. Rehabilitation of ACL injuries in female soccer players is a complex process that requires careful planning and a specialized approach for a safe and effective return to sport. It is necessary to take into account the specifics of the female body and the individual characteristics of each athlete in order to achieve optimal results and reduce the risk of re-injury
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES IN PATIENTS WITH MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS
No full textMedijalni epikondilitis vrsta je sindroma prenaprezanja. Karakterističan je po osjećaju jake boli koju pacijenti osjećaju u medijalnog dijelu lakta. Njegovim negativnim utjecajem na mobilnost te opseg pokreta, pacijenti kojima je dijagnosticiran gube mogućnost izvođenja pokreta u laktu. Mogućnost pokretanja je smanjena ili izgubljena ne samo u lakatnom zglobu već i duž cijele podlaktice i šake. Fizioterapijski postupci kod dijagnoze medijalnog epikondilitisa su neophodni kako bi se pacijentovo zdravstveno stanje vratilo u normalu. Ne operativne metode liječenja uključuju fizikalnu terapiju. Metode koje se provode su krioterapija, termoterapija, elektroterapija uz adekvatne vježbe istezanja muskulature. Kao glavni cilj saniranja problema, fizioterapijske postupke je potrebno kombinirati za najefikasnije i najbrže rezultate.Medial epicondylitis is classified as an overuse injury. The feeling of strong pain in patients in the medial part of the elbow is the main characteristic. With its negative effect on mobility and range of motion, patients with this diagnosed condition lose the ability to make any types of moves in the elbow area. The ability to move is lowered or completely lost not only in the elbow but also down the whole forearm and in the fist area. Physiotherapeutic procedures in patients with the diagnosis of medial epicondylitis are essential so that the patients’ health would go back to normal. Non – surgical methods of treatment include physical therapy. Methods that are used are cryotherapy, thermotherapy and electrotherapy with the appropriate workouts that stretch the muscles. The main goal is to solve the problem, in which physiotherapeutic procedures are necessary to combine for the best and fastest results
KINESITHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF SCOLIOSIS
No full textCilj rada bio je prezentirati neke vrste kineziterapije koje su ključne u liječenju i ispravljanju skolioze. Skolioza predstavlja deformitet kralježnice koji može uzrokovati brojne funkcionalne probleme. Kineziterapija igra ključnu ulogu u rehabilitaciji osoba sa skoliozom. U ovom radu kao metode kineziterapije predstavljene su: klasične vježbe, vježbe disanja, Schroth vježbe te sportske aktivnosti. Također, na kraju rada nalazi se fizioterapijski program, odnosno osnovne vježbe u liječenju skolioze. Upravo vježbe čine jedan od najvažnijih aspekata kineziterapije s ciljem korekcije deformiteta kralježnice. Cilj vježbi jest jačanje mišića leđa, trbuha i zdjelice, kao i istezanje skraćenih mišića. Vježbe pomažu u stabilizaciji kralježnice i poboljšanju držanja što može smanjiti progresiju skolioze i olakšati bol. Pored osnovnih vježbi, vježbe disanja igraju značajnu ulogu u kineziterapiji. Ove vježbe pomažu u poboljšanju respiratorne funkcije i smanjenju napetosti u mišićima oko kralježnice. Svjesno disanje može pomoći u opuštanju mišića, poboljšanju posturalne kontrole i smanjenju stresa na kralježnicu. Metoda Schroth je još jedan važan element u kineziterapiji skolioze. Ova metoda uključuje specifične vježbe koje su dizajnirane za korekciju zakrivljenosti kralježnice i poboljšanje držanja tijela. Metoda Schroth se temelji na principima aktivne korekcije i samostalnog upravljanja skoliozom omogućavajući pacijentima da preuzmu kontrolu nad svojim stanjem kroz pravilno izvođenje vježbi i tehnika. Osim vježbi i metoda specifičnih za skoliozu, uključivanje sportskih aktivnosti u svakodnevni režim može značajno doprinijeti općem zdravlju i dobrobiti. Sportske aktivnosti mogu pomoći u jačanju mišića, poboljšanju fleksibilnosti i održavanju zdrave tjelesne mase što sve može imati pozitivan utjecaj na skoliozu.The aim of this work was to present some methods of kinesitherapy used in the treatment and correction of scoliosis. Scoliosis is a deformity of the spine that can cause numerous functional problems. Kinesitherapy plays a key role in the rehabilitation of people with scoliosis.
In this paper, the following kinesitherapy methods are presented: classical exercises, breathing exercises, Schroth exercises and sports activities. Also, at the end of the work there is a physiotherapy program, i.e. basic exercises in the treatment of scoliosis. Exercises are one of the most important aspects of kinesitherapy aimed at correcting spinal deformities. The aim of the exercises is to strengthen the muscles of the back, abdomen and pelvis, as well as to stretch shortened muscles. Exercises help stabilize the spine and improve posture, which can reduce the progression of scoliosis and ease pain. In addition to basic exercises, breathing exercises play an important role in kinesitherapy. These exercises help improve respiratory function and reduce tension in the muscles around the spine. Conscious breathing can help relax muscles, improve postural control and reduce stress on the spine. The Schroth method is another important element in kinesitherapy for scoliosis. This method includes specific exercises that are designed to correct the curvature of the spine and improve posture. The Schroth method is based on the principles of active correction and self-management of scoliosis, enabling patients to take control of their condition through the correct execution of exercises and techniques. In addition to scoliosis-specific exercises and methods, incorporating sports activities into your daily regimen can significantly contribute to overall health and well-being. Sports activities can help strengthen muscles, improve flexibility and maintain a healthy body mass, all of which can have a positive impact on scoliosis
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS
No full textOvaj rad analizira psihološke poremećaje koji se najčešće javljaju u adolescenciji, kao što su depresija, anksiozni poremećaji, poremećaji u ishrani i poremećaji ponašanja. Proučavaju se različiti čimbenici rizika, uključujući genetske predispozicije, emocionalne izazove te utjecaj obiteljskog okruženja i društvenih faktora. Poseban fokus stavljen je na procese dijagnostike i tretmane poput psihoterapije i farmakološke intervencije. Rad također naglašava važnost prevencije i pravovremenog prepoznavanja simptoma u školskom i obiteljskom okruženju, te predlaže strategije podrške adolescentima kako bi se smanjile dugoročne posljedice psiholoških poremećaja.This paper analyzes psychological disorders that most commonly occur during adolescence, such as depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and behavioral disorders. Various risk factors are examined, including genetic predispositions, emotional challenges, and the influence of family environment and social factors. Special emphasis is placed on diagnostic processes and treatments, such as psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions. The paper also highlights the importance of prevention and timely recognition of symptoms in school and family settings, and suggests support strategies for adolescents to reduce the long-term consequences of psychological disorders
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCESS AFTER INSTALLATION OF TOTAL KNEE ENDOPROSTHESIS
No full textOvaj završni rad istražuje fizioterapijski proces nakon ugradnje totalne endoproteze koljena. Totalna endoproteza koljena je složen kirurški zahvat koji zamjenjuje oštećene dijelove koljenog zgloba umjetnim komponentama, a cilj ovog rada je istaknuti važnost cjelovitog pristupa oporavku koji uzima u obzir fizičke, emocionalne i socijalne aspekte pacijenata. Fizioterapija započinje odmah nakon operacije i odvija se u bolnici te kasnije kroz ambulantnu rehabilitaciju. U prvoj fazi rehabilitacije, naglasak je na ublažavanju boli, smanjenju oteklina, poboljšanju opsega pokreta i prevenciji komplikacija poput tromboze. Druga faza rehabilitacije fokusira se na jačanje mišića, poboljšanje stabilnosti zgloba i povratak funkcionalnih sposobnosti.. Uz fizičke vježbe, ključno je osigurati kontinuiranu psihološku podršku kako bi se pacijentima pomoglo u prevladavanju izazova i održavanju motivacije za vježbanje. Posljednja faza rehabilitacije usmjerena je na potpuni povratak funkcionalnosti i poboljšanje kvalitete života pacijenata. Osim fizičkih aspekata, važno je primijeniti socijalne aspekte oporavka, omogućavajući pacijentima da se ponovno uključe u društvene aktivnosti i zajednicu. Zaključak rada naglašava da su individualizirani i holistički pristup u fizioterapiji ključni za uspješan oporavak nakon ugradnje TEP-a koljena. Redovita i pravilno vođena fizikalna terapija ne samo da smanjuje vrijeme oporavka, već i značajno poboljšava dugoročne ishode i kvalitetu života pacijenata. Rad također ističe važnost interdisciplinarnog pristupa u tretmanu pacijenata, uključujući suradnju između kirurga, fizioterapeuta, psihologa i drugih zdravstvenih djelatnika, kako bi se osigurala sveobuhvatna podrška pacijentima.This thesis explores the physiotherapy process following total knee arthroplasty. Total knee arthroplasty is a complex surgical procedure that replaces damaged parts of the knee joint with artificial components. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the importance of a comprehensive recovery approach that considers the physical, emotional, and social aspects of patients. Physiotherapy begins immediately after surgery and continues in the hospital, followed by outpatient rehabilitation. In the first phase of rehabilitation, the emphasis is on pain relief, reducing swelling, improving range of motion, and preventing complications such as thrombosis. The second phase of rehabilitation focuses on muscle strengthening, improving joint stability, and restoring functional abilities. In addition to physical exercises, it is crucial to provide continuous psychological support to help patients overcome challenges and maintain motivation for exercise. The final phase of rehabilitation aims at the full restoration of functionality and improving the quality of life of patients. Besides physical aspects, it is important to address the social aspects of recovery, enabling patients to re-engage in social activities and the community. The conclusion of the thesis emphasizes that individualized and holistic approaches in physiotherapy are key to successful recovery after TKA. Regular and properly guided physical therapy not only reduces recovery time but also significantly improves long-term outcomes and the quality of life of patients. The thesis also highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in patient treatment, including collaboration between surgeons, physiotherapists, psychologists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure comprehensive patient support.
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