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Physiotherapy in oncology
No full textOnkologija je grana medicine koja se bavi proučavanjem, dijagnozom, liječenjem i praćenjem tumora. Tumori se mogu definirati kao abnormalan rast stanica u tijelu koji može biti benigni ili maligni. Onkološke bolesti su sve češće bolesti današnjice, njihovo liječenje je kompleksno jer je glavni cilj liječenja poboljšati kvalitetu života onkoloških bolesnika. Uzroci tumora su složeni i često uključuju međudjelovanje različitih genetskih, okolišnih i životnih čimbenika. Najučestaliji tumori u svijetu za 2020. godinu su: rak dojke, pluća, debelog crijeva i rektuma , prostate, kože i želuca. Dijagnoza malignih tumora predstavlja kompleksan proces koji zahtijeva angažman širokog spektra medicinskih stručnjaka i osoblja. S obzirom na raznolikost malignih tumora, postavljanje precizne dijagnoze zahtijeva provođenje različitih dijagnostičkih postupaka, ali i uključivanje raznih zdravstveni stručnjaka odnosno suradnju multidisciplinarnog tima. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju anamneze, temeljitog fizikalnog pregleda i raznih dijagnostičkih postupaka. Psihoonkologija proučava psihološke i emocionalne aspekte povezane s dijagnozom, liječenjem i preživljavanjem onkoloških bolesti. Cilj joj je razumjeti kako bolesnici i njihove obitelji doživljavaju stres, suočavaju se s dijagnozom, te kako emocionalni i mentalni faktori utječu na tijek bolesti. Faze kroz koje prolaze onkološki bolesnici su strah, neizvjesnost i prihvaćanje. Liječenje bolesnika ne smije biti usmjereno samo na simptome i nuspojave koje se javljaju nego na poboljšanje kvalitete života oboljelih osoba odnosno osposobiti bolesnika kako bi mogao samostalno svakodnevno funkcionirati. Također liječenje tumora je usmjereno na uklanjanje, praćenje ili ublažavanje patoloških promjena koje su nastale nekontroliranim širenjem malignih stanica. Ovisno o vrsti i stadiju tumora liječenje uključuje kirurške zahvate, kemoterapiju, radioterapiju i hormonska terapija. Proces rehabilitacije ne počinje tek nakon operacije ili u poodmakloj fazi bolesti, već s postavljanjem konačne dijagnoze. Svaki fizioterapijski tretman započinje procjenom na temelju koje se postavljaju kratkoročni i dugoročni ciljevi. Za onkološke bolesnike, fizioterapijski tretman može biti ključan u smanjenju nuspojava liječenja, poboljšanju funkcionalnosti i poticanju oporavka. Temelji se na holističkom i individualnom pristupu uzimajući u obzir specifične potrebe bolesnika. Neke od terapijskih postupaka koji se koriste su: kineziterapija, fizikalne procedure, PNF, ručna limfna drenaža i edukacija.Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of tumors. Tumors can be defined as abnormal growth of cells in the body which can be benign or malignant. Oncological diseases are increasingly common diseases today, their treatment is complex because the main goal of treatment is to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. The causes of tumors are complex and often involve the interaction of various genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. The most common tumors in the world for 2020 are: breast, lung, colon and rectal, prostate, skin and stomach cancer. The diagnosis of malignant tumors is a complex process that requires the involvement of a wide range of medical professionals and personnel. Given the diversity of malignant tumors, establishing a precise diagnosis requires the implementation of various diagnostic procedures, as well as the involvement of various health professionals, i.e. the cooperation of a multidisciplinary team. The diagnosis is made on the basis of history, a thorough physical examination and various diagnostic procedures. Psycho-oncology studies the psychological and emotional aspects associated with the diagnosis, treatment and survival of oncological diseases. Her goal is to understand how patients and their families experience stress, face the diagnosis, and how emotional and mental factors affect the course of the disease. The stages that cancer patients go through are fear, uncertainty and acceptance. The treatment of the patient must not be focused only on the symptoms and side effects that occur, but on improving the quality of life of the affected persons, that is, training the patient so that he can function independently on a daily basis. Tumor treatment is also aimed at removing, monitoring or mitigating pathological changes caused by the uncontrolled spread of malignant cells. Depending on the type and stage of the tumor, treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy. The rehabilitation process does not begin until after surgery or in an advanced stage of the disease, but with the establishment of a final diagnosis. Each physiotherapy treatment begins with an assessment based on which short-term and long-term goals are set. For oncology patients, physiotherapy treatment can be crucial in reducing side effects of treatment, improving functionality and promoting recovery. It is based on a holistic and individual approach, taking into account the specific needs of the patient. Some of the therapeutic procedures used are: kinesitherapy, physical procedures, PNF, manual lymphatic drainage and education
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES IN ATHLETES WITH INFLAMMATION OF THE PUBIC BONE
No full textUpala stidne kosti je bolno degenerativno stanje stidne simfize koje okružuje meka tkiva i tetive. Prvi put ga je opisao Beer 1924. godine i trenutno se smatra jednim od najrjeđih bolnih sindroma za sportaše. Dijagnosticiranje upale stidne kosti nije lako zbog njezine sličnosti sa simptomima raznih drugih dijagnoza. Za sve pacijente koji imaju moguće simptome treba provesti temeljitu povijest bolesti i pedantan fizički pregled, a magnetska rezonancija (MRI) trenutno se smatra najkorisnijom radiološkom slikovnom potvdrom dijagnoze.
Liječenje bi idealno trebalo planirati u multidisciplinarnom timu koji uključuje ortopedskog kirurga s posebnim interesom za poremećaje zdjelice ili specijaliste sportske medicine i fizioterapeute, osobito u teškim slučajevima.
Konzervativno liječenje obično je učinkovito u rješavanju napredovanja bolesti i poboljšanju simptoma. Kirurške intervencije potrebne su samo u teškim slučajevima i nisu bez dugoročnih komplikacija. Potpuni oporavak postiže se u većini slučajeva pravilnim pristupom fizioterapije.Inflammation of the pubic bone is a painful degenerative state of pubic symphysis that surrounds soft tissues and tendons. It was first described by Beer in 1924 and is currently considered one of the rarest pain syndromes for athletes. Diagnosing inflammation of the pubic bone is not easy because of its symptom similarity to many other diagnosis. For all patients who have possible symptoms, a thorough medical history and a meticulous physical examination should be carried out, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently considered the most useful radiological imaging to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment should ideally be planned in a multidisciplinary team that includes an orthopedic surgeon with a special interest in pelvic disorders or sports medicine specialists and physiotherapists, especially in severe cases.
Conservative management is usually effective in addressing disease progression and improving symptoms. Surgical interventions are necessary only in severe cases and are not without long-term complications. Full recovery is achieved in most cases through a proper physiotherapy approach
POSTERIOR CRUICATE INJURY
No full textStražnja ukrižena sveza, lig. cruciatum posterius (LCP) polazi s prednjeg ruba interkondilarne jame i s dijela medijalnog kondila bedrene kosti. Usmjerena je posteriorno i lateralno se veže iza interkondilarne uzvisine blizu stražnjeg ruba goljenične kosti. Funkcija ovog ligamenta je sprječavanje pomaka potkoljenice prema nazad. Ozljede stražnje ukrižne sveze su rjeđe nego ozljede ostalih ligamenata koju stabiliziraju koljeno. Najčešći uzrok nastanak ozljeda je udarac u koljeno u položaju fleksije i prilikom hiperekstenzije koljena s naglom rotacijom koljena. Uzrok može biti udarac u koljeno kao posljedica prometne nesreće. Pojavnost ove ozljede, najučestalija je u kontaktnim sportovima. Ozljede koju mogu nastati su istegnuće, djelomična ili potpuna ruptura. Načini liječenja ozljede stražnje ukrižene sveze su konzervativni i operacijski, ali je potrebno prije provesti dijagnostičke postupke. Blaže ozljede ligamenata većinom zacjeljuju nakon razdoblja mirovanja, odnosno RICE režima. Ozbiljnije ozlijede zahtjeva operativni zahvat i duži oporavak. Nakon operativnog pristupa slijedi rehabilitacijski proces, u koji ubrajamo anamnezu, klinički pregled, subjektivno i objektivno ispitivanje, određene testove i mjerenja za procjenu stanja te primjenu fizikalnih procedura.The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) originates from the anterior edge of the intercondylar notch and a part of the medial condyle of the femur. It is directed posteriorly and laterally, attaching behind the intercondylar eminence near the posterior edge of the tibia. The function of this ligament is to prevent the backward displacement of the tibia. Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament are less common than injuries to other ligaments that stabilize the knee. The most frequent cause of such injuries is a blow to the knee while it is in a flexed position or during hyperextension of the knee with sudden rotation. A blow to the knee from a car accident can also cause injury. These injuries are most common in contact sports. Possible injuries include sprains, partial tears, or complete ruptures. Treatment methods for posterior cruciate ligament injuries include conservative and surgical approaches, but diagnostic procedures must be performed beforehand. Milder ligament injuries mostly heal after a period of rest, following the RICE protocol. More severe injuries require surgery and a longer recovery period. After surgery, a rehabilitation process follows, which includes taking a medical history, clinical examination, subjective and objective assessment, specific tests and measurements to evaluate the condition, and the application of physical therapy procedures
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCESSES WITH DEMENTIA PATIENTS
No full textFizioterapijski procesi s oboljelima od demencije predstavljaju ključan aspekt skrbi za ovu populaciju. Individualiziran pristup pacijentima s demencijom je od suštinskog značaja, omogućavajući poboljšanje kvalitete života kroz vježbe mobilnosti, ravnoteže i koordinacije. Fizioterapija također može ublažiti simptome, smanjiti potrebu za lijekovima i pružiti emocionalnu podršku. Suradnja s obitelji i skrbnicima, te edukacija o važnosti vježbanja u demenciji, ključni su čimbenici uspješnog pristupa. Napredak u fizioterapijskim metodama i istraživanje neprestano doprinose poboljšanju skrbi za oboljele od demencije.Fizioterapeutic processes with individuals suffering from dementia represent a crucial aspect of their care. A personalized approach to dementia patients is paramount, enabling the enhancement of their quality of life through exercises focused on mobility, balance, and coordination. Physiotherapy can also alleviate symptoms, reduce the need for medication, and
provide emotional support. Collaboration with families and caregivers, along with educating them about the importance of exercise in dementia, are key factors in a successful approach. Advances in physiotherapeutic methods and ongoing research continuously contribute to improving care for individuals with dementia
BOBATH PEDIATRIC CONCEPT IN NEURORISIC CHILDREN
Get PDFVeliki broj istraživanja i stručnjaka naglašava što ranije, odnosno pravovremeno prepoznavanje uzroka tj. problema i provođenje terapije upravo kao rješenje tih problema. Djeca mogu biti rođena s neurološkom bolesti ili je steći tijekom ili nakon poroda. Do neuroloških poremećaja dolazi kada se pojave abnormalnosti u mozgu, živčanom sustavu ili mišićnom sustavu. Isto tako može doći do određenih neuroloških poremećaja i u kasnijem dijelu života kao posljedica loših životnih uvjeta, traumatskih događaja. Uzroci mogu ujedno biti i genetska predispozicija, infekcije i metabolički poremećaji.
Tijekom rehabilitacijskog pristupa djeci s neurološkim oboljenjima najčešće se primjenjuje Vojta terapija, Bobath koncept i robotika. Djeca s neurološkim oboljenjima zahtijevaju individualan pristup rehabilitacijskog stručnog tima neurologa, fizijatra, ortopeda, fizioterapeuta, psihologa. Osim samih stručnjaka vrlo bitna karika u terapijama za rehabilitaciju su isto tako i roditelji, odnosno obitelj.
Tijekom trajanja rehabilitacije Bobath tehnikom dijete se uči pravilnom obrascu izvođenja pokreta. Uz Bobath koncept primjenjuje se i Vojta terapija koja za cilj ima stimuliranje i poticanje mozga na pravilne geste pomoću živaca. Robotikom se ostvaruje povećanje sposobnosti spoznaja mozga i daje se povratna informacija. Proučavanjem istraživanja utjecaja Bobath koncepta i robotike u neurorehabilitaciji djece dolazi se do zaključka da najbolje rezultate imaju osobe kojima su tijekom rehabilitacije bile omogućene obje terapije.A large number of researches and experts emphasize as early as possible, i.e. timely recognition of the causes, i.e. problems, and the implementation of therapy precisely as a solution to these problems. Children can be born with a neurological disease or acquire it during or after birth. Neurological disorders occur when abnormalities occur in the brain, nervous system or muscular system. Certain neurological disorders can also occur later in life as a result of poor living conditions and traumatic events. The causes can also be genetic predisposition, infections and metabolic disorders.
During the rehabilitation approach to children with neurological diseases, Vojta therapy, Bobath concept and robotics are most often applied. Children with neurological diseases require an individual approach to the rehabilitation of a professional team of neurologists, physiatrists, orthopedists, physiotherapists, and psychologists. In addition to the experts themselves, parents and family are also a very important link in rehabilitation therapies.
During rehabilitation with the Bobath technique, the child is taught the correct pattern of performing movements. In addition to the Bobath concept, Vojta therapy is also applied, which aims to stimulate and encourage the brain to make proper gestures using the nerves. Robotics increases the cognitive abilities of the brain and provides feedback. Studying the influence of the Bobath concept and robotics in the neurorehabilitation of children leads to the conclusion that the best results are achieved by people who were provided with both therapies during rehabilitation
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF INJURIES AS A BASIS FOR SECONDARY PREVEN-TION STRATEGY IN VOLLEYBALL. EXAMPLE OF THE IVANIĆ-GRAD VOL-LEYBALL CLUB
No full textOzljede u odbojci prisutne su zbog određenih odbojkaških elemenata koji dovode do opterećenja kod određenih dijelova tijela. U istraživanju izdvojene su neke od najčešće prisutnih ozljeda, poput uganuća gležnja koje se najčešće javlja prilikom doskoka. Kod ozljede javlja se oštećenje na lateralnoj strani gležnja, oticanje i osjetljivost na dodir. Ozljeda patelarne tetive tj. patelarna tendinopatije, također jedna od najčešćih ozljeda, očituje se pojavom boli u prednjem dijelu koljena i najčešće na vršku patele te označava strukturalno oštećenje tetiva. Ozljeda koja zahtjeva najdulje izbivanje s treninga ili natjecanja je ozljeda ramena. Rameni zglob je sklon ozljedama zbog posebne anatomije i pretjeranog korištenja mišića ramenog obruča te pogrešnog izvođenja tehnike. Cilj rada bio je provesti istraživanjeu odbojkaškom klubu Ivanić Grad, saznati i izdvojiti najčešće ozljede te prema ozljedama provesti prilagođeni fizioterapijski postupak koji je detaljno opisan i vizualno prikazan u svrhu prevencije ozljeda.Injuries in volleyball are common due to certain volleyball elements that place strain on specific parts of the body. The study highlights some of the most frequently occurring i-njuries, such as ankle sprains, which most often happen during landing. An ankle injury typically involves damage to the lateral side of the ankle, resulting in swelling and tender-ness to the touch. Patellar tendon injury, also known as patellar tendinopathy, is another common injury and is characterized by pain in the front of the knee, most often at the tip of the patella, indicating structural damage to the tendons. The injury that requires the longest recovery time from training or competition is a shoulder injury. The shoulder joint is prone to injury due to its unique anatomy, overuse of the shoulder girdle muscles, and incorrect technique execution. The aim of this study was to conduct research in the Ivanić-Grad vol-leyball club, identify the most common injuries, and implement a customized physiotherapy procedure based on these injuries. This procedure is described in detail and visually presen-ted to aid in injury prevention
ILLEGAL PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS: DOPING IN SPORTS
No full textDoping se definira kao uporaba zabranjenih tvari i metoda za poboljšanje sportskih performansi, što je suprotno načelima fair playa i sportskog morala. Primarni cilj ovog rada je utvrditi proučavanjem dostupne literature, i na temelju otkrivenih spoznaja, kako i na koji način uporaba nedozvoljenih farmakoloških sredstava utječe na organizam sportaša i koje su moguće posljedice korištenja. Sekundarni cilj je prezentirati najnovije spoznaje iz područja primjene i korištenja nedopuštenih farmakoloških sredstava povezano s utjecajem na organizam sportaša zainteresiranoj javnosti. Povijesno gledano, doping je prisutan već tisućama godina, no moderni oblici dopinga i sofisticirane metode otkrivanja postale su ključne tek u posljednjim desetljećima.
Rad se detaljno bavi različitim vrstama zabranjenih tvari poput anaboličkih steroida, diuretika, stimulansa i kanabinoida, kao i metodama poput transfuzija krvi. Anabolički steroidi su najčešće korištena doping sredstva, dok diuretici služe kao maskirna sredstva i za brzo smanjenje tjelesne težine. Stimulansi, poput amfetamina i kokaina, koriste se za povećanje budnosti i smanjenje umora, dok kanabinoidi imaju različite terapijske primjene, ali su zabranjeni zbog mogućih štetnih učinaka na zdravlje i performanse sportaša.
Posebna pažnja posvećena je zakonskim odredbama u Hrvatskoj koje reguliraju borbu protiv dopinga. Temeljni zakon koji pokriva ovu oblast je Zakon o sportu, koji definira doping kao upotrebu zabranjenih sredstava i metoda prema popisu Svjetske antidopinške agencije (WADA). Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo (HZJZ) odgovoran je za provedbu antidopinških aktivnosti, uključujući testiranje sportaša, edukaciju i prevenciju. Zakon propisuje stroge sankcije za sportaše, trenere i druge osobe uključene u doping, uključujući suspenzije, novčane kazne i zabranu sudjelovanja u sportskim aktivnostima.
Rad također analizira primjere dopinga na natjecanjima i u kondicijskoj pripremi, s posebnim naglaskom na slučajeve iz Hrvatske. Primjeri poput Ben Johnsona i Lance Armstronga često se spominju u kontekstu doping skandala na međunarodnoj razini.Doping is defined as the use of prohibited substances and methods to enhance athletic performance, which is contrary to the principles of fair play and sportsmanship. The primary goal of this paper is to explore, through a review of the available literature, how the use of banned pharmacological agents affects the athlete's body and what the possible consequences of their use are. The secondary goal is to present the latest findings in the field of the application and use of prohibited pharmacological substances and their impact on athletes' bodies to the interested public. Historically, doping has been present for thousands of years, but modern forms of doping and sophisticated detection methods have become crucial only in recent decades.
The thesis thoroughly examines different types of prohibited substances such as anabolic steroids, diuretics, stimulants, and cannabinoids, as well as methods like blood transfusions. Anabolic steroids are the most commonly used doping agents, while diuretics serve as masking agents and for rapid weight loss. Stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, are used to increase alertness and reduce fatigue, while cannabinoids have various therapeutic applications but are prohibited due to potential harmful effects on health and athletic performance.
Special attention is given to the legal provisions in Croatia that regulate the fight against doping. The fundamental law covering this area is the Sports Act, which defines doping as the use of prohibited substances and methods according to the list of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The Croatian Institute of Public Health (HZJZ) is responsible for implementing anti-doping activities, including testing athletes, education, and prevention. The law prescribes strict sanctions for athletes, coaches, and other individuals involved in doping, including suspensions, fines, and bans from participating in sports activities.
The thesis also analyzes examples of doping in competitions and in physical conditioning, with particular emphasis on cases from Croatia. Examples like Ben Johnson and Lance Armstrong are often cited as notable cases of doping scandals on an international level
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
No full textCerebralna paraliza (CP) je stanje uzrokovano oštećenjem mozga bebe u razvoju ili prigodom rođenja, a posljedično uključuje poremećaje posture, pokreta i motoričkih funkcija. Jedan od kliničkih prikaza je neuromotorni poremećaj pokreta tijela, tonusa i refleksa sa simptomima koji su vrlo promjenjivi. Čimbenici rizika za razvoj cerebralne paralize su prenatalni, perinatalni i postnatalni. Spastični, diskinetski, ataktični i miješani oblik spadaju u temeljnu klasifikaciju cerebralne paralize. Klinička slika s neurološkim simptomima drugačija je kod svakog djeteta. Najčešći instrument koji se koristi za opisivanje grube motoričke funkcije je klasifikacijski sustav GMFCS. Rana dijagnoza započinje medicinskom poviješću stanja te uključuje korištenje standardiziranih neuroloških i motoričkih procjena koje ukazuju na cerebralnu paralizu. Postoje brojne terapije koje se koriste kod djece s cerebralnom paralizom i koje također, imaju pozitivan učinak na sam oporavak. Jedna od glavnih terapija je Bobath koncept pomoću kojeg se djeci pomaže u kontroli pokreta. Provođenje vježbi po Bobath konceptu uključuje individualiziran i holistički pristup pojedinom djetetu s ciljem poboljšanja motoričkog razvoja svakog djeteta.Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition caused by damage to the developing baby's brain or at birth, and consequently includes disorders of posture, movement and motor functions. One of the clinical manifestations is a neuromotor disorder of body movement, tone and reflexes with symptoms that are highly variable. Risk factors for the development of cerebral palsy are prenatal, perinatal and postnatal. Spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic and mixed form belong to the basic classification of cerebral palsy. The clinical picture with neurological symptoms is different in every child. The most common instrument used to describe gross motor function is the GMFCS classification system. Early diagnosis begins with a medical history of the condition and includes the use of standardized neurological and motor assessments that indicate cerebral palsy. There are numerous therapies that are used in children with cerebral palsy and that also have a positive effect on the recovery itself. One of the main therapies is the Bobath concept, which helps children to control their movements. Carrying out exercises according to the Bobath concept includes an individualized and holistic approach to each child with the aim of improving the motor development of each child
SPEED TRAINING IN FOOTBALL
No full textPrimarni cilj ovog rada je istražiti i predstaviti najpreciznije metode za razvoj brzine nogometaša tijekom različitih faza trenažnog rada kroz natjecateljsku sezonu. Sekundarni cilj je prikazati najnovija saznanja iz područja teorije i metodike treninga brzine nogometaša zainteresiranoj javnosti. Trening brzine u nogometu ključan je za poboljšanje performansi igrača, obuhvaćajući fizičke, tehničke, taktičke i psihološke aspekte igre. Ovaj rad istražuje metode poput pliometrijskog, sprint i intervalnog treninga, te drillsove za agilnost, koji pomažu u razvoju eksplozivne snage, maksimalne brzine i koordinacije.
Strukturalna i funkcionalna analiza igre omogućuju razumijevanje uloga igrača u različitim fazama igre, dok anatomska analiza naglašava važnost mišićne snage i fleksibilnosti. Mjerenje brzine putem testova i GPS tehnologije pruža precizne podatke o performansama igrača.
Trening brzine poboljšava mišićnu snagu, anaerobnu izdržljivost i neuromuskularnu koordinaciju, dok psihološki učinci uključuju povećano samopouzdanje i motivaciju. Pravilna prehrana, bogata ugljikohidratima, proteinima, zdravim mastima i mikronutrijentima, podržava ove fizičke zahtjeve i oporavak. Ovaj rad nudi sveobuhvatan pregled treninga brzine u nogometu, ističući važnost integracije različitih metoda za optimalne rezultate.The primary goal of this paper is to explore and present the most precise methods for developing the speed of football players during different phases of training throughout the competitive season. The secondary goal is to present the latest insights from the field of theory and methodology of speed training for football players to the interested public. Speed training in soccer is crucial for enhancing player performance, encompassing the physical, technical, tactical, and psychological aspects of the game. This paper explores methods such as plyometric, sprint, and interval training, as well as agility drills, which aid in developing explosive power, maximum speed, and coordination.
Structural and functional analysis of the game enables an understanding of players' roles in different phases of play, while anatomical analysis highlights the importance of muscle strength and flexibility. Measuring speed through tests and GPS technology provides precise data on player performance.
Speed training improves muscle strength, anaerobic endurance, and neuromuscular coordination, while psychological effects include increased confidence and motivation. Proper nutrition, rich in carbohydrates, proteins, healthy fats, and micronutrients, supports these physical demands and recovery. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of speed training in soccer, emphasizing the importance of integrating various methods for optimal results
APPLICATION OF PROSTHESIS AFTER AMPUTATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
No full textGubitak donjih ekstremiteta predstavlja jedan od najizazovnijih trenutaka u životu, s dalekosežnim fizičkim i emocionalnim posljedicama. Amputacije, često uzrokovane traumama, bolestima poput dijabetesa ili perifernih vaskularnih bolesti, zahtijevaju sveobuhvatan pristup u procesu rehabilitacije. Protetika, koja kombinira medicinu, inženjering i rehabilitaciju, omogućuje izradu i primjenu umjetnih ekstremiteta koji vraćaju funkcionalnost i kvalitetu života pacijenata. Napredne proteze, opremljene mikroprocesorima i senzorima, omogućuju prirodnije pokrete i veću mobilnost. Individualizirani pristup u izradi proteza i multidisciplinarna suradnja stručnjaka ključni su za uspješnu prilagodbu pacijenata. Kroz fizioterapiju, edukaciju i psihološku podršku, osobe s amputacijom mogu se uspješno reintegrirati u svakodnevne aktivnosti, postići visok stupanj samostalnosti i kvalitete života.The loss of lower limbs represents one of the most challenging moments in life, with far-reaching physical and emotional consequences. Amputations, often caused by trauma, diseases such as diabetes, or peripheral vascular diseases, require a comprehensive approach to the rehabilitation process. Prosthetics, which combines medicine, engineering, and rehabilitation, enables the creation and application of artificial limbs that restore functionality and quality of life for patients. Advanced prostheses, equipped with microprocessors and sensors, allow for more natural movements and greater mobility. An individualized approach to prosthesis design and multidisciplinary collaboration among experts is key to the successful adaptation of patients. Through physical therapy, education, and psychological support, individuals with amputations can successfully reintegrate into daily activities, achieving a high degree of independence and quality of life