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PHYSHIOTHERAPY APPROACH TO CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
No full textU današnjici se susrećemo sa sve većim brojem djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma. Kod
djece sa autizmom dolazi do problematike na svim područjima razvoja (senzomotoričko,
govorno, kognitivno, socijalno, emocionalno). Nakon postavljanja dijagnoze potrebno je
osmisliti odgovarajuću terapiju za dijete. Poznajemo terapijske pristupe koji su se pokazali
uspješnim u tretmanu poremećaja iz autističnog spektra, ali za nijedan ne možemo sa sigurnošću
reći da može izliječiti poremećaj. Terapija uvelike može poboljšati stanje djeteta. Prvi korak je
procjena individualne sposobnosti, specifičnosti i interesa svakog djeteta s poremećajem iz
autističnog spektra kako bi mogli prilagoditi terapiju njegovim mogućnostima i interesima.
Pristupi i metode koje su se pokazale učinkovitima su programi rane intervencije, bihevioralna
terapija, glazboterapija, terapija sa igrom...Today, we encounter an increasing number of children with autism spectrum disorders.
Children with autism have problems in all areas of development (sensomotor, speech, cognitive,
social, emotional). After establishing the diagnosis, it is necessary to design an appropriate
therapy for the child. We know therapeutic approaches that have been proven successful in the
treatment of autism spectrum disorders, but we cannot say with certainty that the disorder can
be cured. Therapy can greatly improve a child's condition. The first step is to assess the
individual abilities, specificities and interests of each child with autism spectrum disorder so
that the therapy can be adapted to child's abilities and interests. Approaches and methods that
have proven to be effective are programmed interventions, behavioral therapy, music therapy,
play therapy..
ROBOTICS IN THE REHABILITATION OF UPPER LIMBS IN NEUROLOGICAL PATIENTS
No full textRobotika u rehabilitaciji ima vrlo važnu ulogu u budućnosti fizioterapijskih postupaka.
Postoje različite vrste i dizajni robota kojima je glavni cilj motorička i funkcijska
rehabilitacija bolesnika. Važan čimbenik rehabilitacije je neuroplastičnost mozga na čemu se
temelji suvremena rehabilitacija nakon oštećenja mozga. Za poboljšanje trajno izgubljenih
funkcija kojima se pacijent ne koristi, veliki učinak imaju robotski uređaji koje koristimo
kako bi pacijentu povećali motivaciju i time ga potaknuli na veći angažman tijekom
rehabilitacije što je iznimno teško postići normalnim rehabilitacijskim postupkom. Iznimno je
važno s rehabilitacijom početi neposredno nakon stabilizacije zdravstvenog stanja pacijenta
jer se tada očekuje najbolji mogući oporavak funkcija. Neki od robota koji se koriste u
rehabilitaciji gornjih ekstremiteta su Armeo Spring i Amadeo. Primjena robotike i razvoj
tehnologije uvelike doprinosi medicini jer olakšava rad fizioterapeuta te time olakšava
rehabilitaciju pacijenta. Očekuje se još i veći razvoj robotike koja će promijeniti i poboljšati
aktivnosti svakodnevnog života pacijenta i omogućiti pacijentu još bolji i brži oporavak nakon
gubitka svojih funkcionalnih sposobnosti te ga motivirati na bolju suradnju. Cilj ovog rada je
kroz pregled literature opisati neurološke bolesti, primjenu robotike u navedenim stanjima,
predstaviti vrste i dizajn robota koji se koriste u rehabilitaciji, važnosti neuroplastičnosti
mozga te utjecaj robotike na medicinu.Robotics in rehabilitation has a very important role in the future of physiotherapy. There are many different types and designs of robots whose main goal is motor and functional rehabilitation of patients. An important factor in rehabilitation is neuroplasticity of the brain, which is the basis of modern rehabilitation after brain damage. To improve premanently lost functions that patient doesn't use, the robotic devices we use have a great effect in order to incrase patient's motivation and thus encourage him to engage more during rehabilitation, which is extremely difficult to achive with a normal rehabilitation procedure. It is extremely important to start with rehabilitation immediately after stabilization of patients health status because of the best possible recovery of functions. Some of the robots used in upper limbs rehabilitation are Armeo Spring and Amadeo. The applications of robotics and the development of tehnology greatly contributes to medicine because it facilitates with the work of physiotherapists and thereby facilitating patient rehabilitation. An even greater development of robotics is expected, which will change and improve activities of the patient's daily life and allow patient an even better and faster recovery after the loss of his functional abilities and motivate him to better cooperation. The aim of this paper is to describe neurological diseases, the application of robotics in the aforementioned conditions, to present the types and designs of robots used in rehabilitation, the importance of neuroplasticity of the brain and the impact of robotics on medicine through a review of the literature
Overview and systematization of research on the effectiveness of aplication of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation of people with stroke
Get PDFKompleksne moderne tehnologije na različite se načine integriraju i utječu na prostor fizikalne terapije. Jedna od takvih jest upravo virtualna stvarnost čiji će se utjecaj na rehabilitaciju moždanog udara pobliže pojasniti u ovome radu. Pretražene su baze podataka PubMed, Web of Science i PEDro. Ukomponirano je 20 relevantnih istraživanja koja su zadovoljavala određene kriterije.
Korištenje VR tehnologije u rehabilitaciji moždanog udara pruža jednu od ključnih prednosti- fleksibilnost koja omogućuje prilagodbu specifičnim ciljevima rehabilitacije, dok ista omogućuje sposobnost prilagođavanja terapija svakom pacijentu individualno. VR potpomognuta terapija pruža pacijentima rehabilitaciju na moderan i motivirajući način te omogućuje terapeutima konstantan uvid u napredak pacijentova stanja na način da pohranjuje sve informacije i rezultate rehabilitacije. Provedba rehabilitacije uz dodatak VR tehnologije omogućuje kontrolirano okruženje za pacijente što u pravilu rezultira većom motiviranošću i bržim oporavkom.
Dodatno istraživanje VR tehnologije i njezine uporabe u fizikalnoj terapiji dovest će do razvoja novih pravaca primjene VR tehnologije u rehabilitaciji, kako moždanog udara, tako i drugih bolesti. Edukacija zdravstvenih djelatnika o korištenju modernog načina rehabilitacije uporabom VR sustava pridonijet će integraciji iste u svakodnevnu praksu.Complex modern technologies are integrated in different ways, and they affect the field of physical therapy. Virtual reality is one of these modern technologies, whose impact on stroke rehabilitation will be explained in more detail in this paper. Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and PEDro were searched and twenty relevant studies that met certain criteria were included.
The use of VR technology in stroke rehabilitation provides one of the key advantages- flexibility that enables adaptation to specific rehabilitation goals, while the same enables the ability to adapt therapies to each patient individually. VR-assisted therapy provides patients with rehabilitation in a modern and motivating way and enables therapists to have constant insight into the progress of the patient’s condition in a way that stores all information and rehabilitation results. Rehabilitation with the addition of VR technology provides a controlled environment for patients, which usually results in greater motivation and faster recovery.
Additional research into VR technology and its use in physical therapy will lead to the development of new directions for the application of VR technology in the rehabilitation of both stroke and other diseases. Education of healthcare workers on the use of modern rehabilitation methods using the VR system will contribute to its integration into everyday practice
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SCOLIOSIS
No full textSkolioza je postranično iskrivljenje kralješnice, moguća je prisutnost navedene deformacije u tri ravnine kralješnice. Glavna etiološka podjela skolioze dijeli se na funkcionalnu i strukturalnu. Dijagnosticira se pomoću anamneze, kliničkog pregleda, testova, mjerenja i radioloških pretraga. Klinička slika skolioze su bolovi, ograničen opseg pokreta, glava nije u središnjoj liniji, ramena, lopatice i zdjelica su asimetrične. Mišići nisu u pravilnom mišićnom tonusu. Tijekom godina istraživanja unaprijeđivale su se različite metode. Danas se od neoperativnih metoda koriste fizikalna terapija pod koju spadaju fizioterapijske vježbe, hidroterapija, hipoterapija i liječenje primjenom ortoze. Kod operativnog liječenja radi se zahvat rane spondilodeze, najčešće kod infantilne i juvenilne skolioze, te drugi operativni zahvat je artrodeza. Edukacija pacijenta i njegove obitelji o bolesti, načinu liječenja te o ciljevima fizioterapije od posebne je važnosti.Scoliosis is three-dimensional deformation in the spine area the presence of said deformation in three planes of the spine is possible. The main etiological division of scoliosis is divided into functional and structural. It is diagnosed using history, clinical examination, tests, measurements and radiological examinations. The clinical picture of scoliosis is pain, limited range of motion, the head is not in the central line, and shoulders, shoulder blades and pelvis are asymmetrical. Muscles are not in proper muscle tone. During the years of research, various methods were improved. Today, non-operative methods of treatment include physical therapy, which includes physiotherapy exercises, hydrotherapy, hippotherapy, and treatment with orthotics. In surgical treatment, early spondylodesis is performed, most often in infantile and juvenile scoliosis, and another surgical procedure is arthrodesis. Education of the patient and his family about the disease, the method of treatment and the goals of physiotherapy are of particular importance
HISTORY OF SPORTS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Get PDFCilj ovog rada je pregledom dostupne stručne literature prikazati zainteresiranoj užoj i široj javnosti razvoj sporta osoba s invaliditetom od njegovih početaka do danas te prikazati najveće uspjehe hrvatskih sportaša osoba s invaliditetom. Ljudsko tijelo građeno je za aktivnost, a ne za mirovanje. Tjelesna aktivnost je jedna od glavnih životnih i ljudskih funkcija te najvažnijih zdravstvenih odrednica povezanih s načinom života. Tijekom milijuna godina ljudsko tijelo razvilo se u složen organizam koji je sposoban izvoditi mnoge motoričke zadatke, od uporabe velikih mišićnih skupina za hodanje, trčanje i penjanje pa sve do izvođenja najmanjih, finih pokreta, što uključuje i manualne vještine. Tjelesna aktivnost postoji od najranijih početaka ljudskog postojanja, odnosno, od prapovijesti pa sve do danas. Osoba koja ima dugotrajno, tjelesno, mentalno, intelektualno ili osjetilno oštećenje, koje u međudjelovanju s različitim preprekama može sprječavati njezino puno i učinkovito sudjelovanje u društvenoj zajednici, naziva se osoba s invaliditetom. Prema Zakonu o Hrvatskom registru o osobama s invaliditetom otkrivena su razna oštećenja koja su uključena u invaliditet. Uključeni su: oštećenje vida, oštećenje sluha, autizam, oštećenja govora i komunikacije, oštećenja perifernog i središnjeg živčanog sustava i mnoga druga. Rehabilitacija osoba s invaliditetom nije nimalo lak proces te je tu potrebno uložiti puno truda i ulaganja u ostvarenje željenih ciljeva bilo od osobe s invaliditetom ili od osobe koja pruža terapiju. Sport pruža iznimno važnu ulogu kod osoba s invaliditetom. Utječe na zdravlje, psihofizičku sposobnost, pruža ljudima pozitivno razmišljanje i smanjuje negativne osjećaje poput depresije i anksioznosti. Sport osoba s invaliditetom prvi put se spominje u 19. stoljeću, dok u 20. stoljeću postaje sve popularniji, osobito nakon 1960. godine kada su u Rimu održane prve Paraolimpijske igre. Hrvatski sportaši s invaliditetom na Paraolimpijskim igrama natječu se od 1992. godine, te su ostvarili brojne uspjehe. Igre su s godinama postale sve popularnije, te su danas najveći međunarodni sportski događaj osoba s invaliditetom.The aim of this paper is to present the development of sports for people with disabilities from its beginnings to the present to the interested narrow and wider public through a review of the available professional literature, and to show the greatest successes of Croatian sports for people with disabilities. The human body is built for activity, not rest. Physical activity is one of the main life and human functions and the most important health determinants related to lifestyle. Over millions of years, the human body has developed into a complex organism that is capable of performing many motor tasks, from using large muscle groups for walking, running, climbing, and the like to performing the smallest, fine movements, which includes manual skills. Physical activity has existed since the earliest beginnings of human existence, that is, from prehistory to the present day. A person who has a long-term, physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairment, which, in interaction with various obstacles, can prevent his full and effective participation in the social community, is called a person with a disability. According to the Act on the Croatian Register of Persons with Disabilities, various impairments have been discovered that are included in disability, including: vision impairment, hearing impairment, autism, speech and communication impairments, peripheral and central nervous system impairments, and many others. Rehabilitation of people with disabilities is not an easy process at all, and it requires a lot of effort, investment and goals, whether from the person with disabilities or from the person providing therapy. Sport plays an extremely important role for people with disabilities. Sport affects health, psychophysical ability, provides people with positive thinking and reduces negative feelings such as depression and anxiety. Sport for people with disabilities was first mentioned in the 19th century, while it became increasingly popular in the 20th century, especially after 1960 when the first Paralympic Games were held in Rome. Croatian athletes with disabilities have been competing at the Paralympic Games since 1992, and have achieved numerous successes. The Games have become increasingly popular over the years and have become the largest international sporting event for people with disabilities
THE EFFECT OF LOKOMAT ON THE REHABILITATION OF LOWER EXTREMITIES IN CHRONIC PATIENTS AFTER STROKE
No full textMoždani udar zauzima treće mjesto uzroka smrti u Republici Hrvatskoj, dok je ujedno i prvi uzrok invaliditeta u svijetu. S obzirom na sveobuhvatnost i kompleksnost samog mozga i živčanog sustava, klinička slika je specifična i vrlo individualna. Prema etiologiji moždani udar dijeli se na ishemijski i hemoragijski. Rana i pravovremena rehabilitacija i zbrinjavanje ključni su za smanjene smrtnosti i invaliditeta. Neurorehabilitacija nakon moždanog udara predstavlja kompleksan i egzaktan pristup i suradnju multidisciplinarnog tima, kako bi se poticao napredak u svim pogođenim aspektima dok je neuroplastičnost na visokom nivou. Fizioterapeut kao dio multidisciplinarnog tima, mora biti posebno educiran za rad s neurološkim bolesnikom. Razvojem tehnologije posljednjih tri desetljeća u neurorehabilitaciji se sve više upotrebljavaju robotski sustavi. Danas postoje različiti robotski uređaji za neurorehabilitaciju donjih ekstremiteta koji se upotrebljavaju u rehabilitaciji nakon moždanog udara. Jedan od najsofisticiranijih uređaja je Lokomat. Lokomat omogućuje veliki broj ponavljanja pokreta kroz intenzivan trening uz feedback, što ga čini indikativnim u rehabilitaciji donjih ekstremiteta i hoda kod bolesnika nakon preboljelog moždanog udara. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati učinak Lokomata na povećanje snage fleksora i ekstenzora zgloba kuka i koljena i na brzinu i funkcionalnost hoda kod kroničnih pacijenta nakon moždanog udara. Za procjenu uspješnosti radio se početni i završni L-FORCE na Lokomat uređaju i TUG test kod eksperimentalne skupine koja se uspoređuju s početnim i završnim MMT i TUG testom kod kontrolne skupine. Istraživanje se odnosi na mlađu populaciju gdje najmlađi ispitanik ima 25 a najstariji 50 godina. Početna i završna mjerenja snage i brzine na Lokomatu pokazuju generalno veća poboljšanja u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, ali nisu statistički značajna u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu stoga su potrebna daljnja istraživanja.Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the Republic of Croatia, while it is also the leading cause of disability in the world. Considering the comprehensiveness and complexity of the brain itself and the nervous system, the clinical picture is specific and very individual. According to etiology, stroke is divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic. Early and timely rehabilitation and treatment are key to reduced mortality and disability. Neurorehabilitation after a stroke represents a complex and exact approach and the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team, in order to encourage progress in all affected aspects while neuroplasticity is at a high level. A physiotherapist, as part of a multidisciplinary team, must be specially trained to work with neurological patients. With the development of technology in the last three decades, robotic systems are increasingly being used in neurorehabilitation. Today, there are various robotic devices for neurorehabilitation of the lower extremities that are used in rehabilitation after a stroke. One of the most sophisticated devices is Lokomat. Lokomat enables a large number of movement repetitions through intensive training with feedback, which makes it indicative in the rehabilitation of lower extremities and gait in patients after a stroke. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of Lokomat on increasing the strength of flexors and extensors of the hip and knee joints and on the speed and functionality of walking in chronic patients after a stroke. To assess success, the initial and final L-FORCE on the Lokomat device and the TUG test were performed in the experimental group, which were compared with the initial and final MMT and TUG test in the control group. The research refers to the younger population where the youngest respondent is 25 and the oldest is 50 years old. Initial and final strength and speed measurements on the Lokomat show generally greater improvements compared to the control group, but are not statistically significant compared to the control group, so further research is needed
HYDROTHERAPY IN PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
No full textMultipla skleroza je kronična, progresivna, upalna, demijelinizacijska bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava, a karakterizira ju degeneracija mijelinske ovojnice. Uzrok zbog koje bolest nastaje još uvijek je nepoznat. Od multiple skleroze češće obolijevaju žene, 2-3 puta više od muškaraca. Prvi simptomi bolesti javljaju se između 20. i 40. godine života. U svijetu 2,8 milijuna ljudi živi s dijagnozom multiple skleroze. Zbog blagih ranih simptoma, oboljeli najčešće ne traže medicinsku pomoć na početku. Simptomi ovise o tome u kojoj se fazi i obliku bolest nalazi. Faze koje se javljaju su: faza relapsa u kojoj dolazi do pogoršanja i faza remisije u kojoj se simptomi smanje ili nestanu u potpunosti. Postoje četiri oblika bolesti, a najčešći je relapsno – remitirajući oblik. Multipla je skleroza nazvana ''bolest s tisuću lica'' upravo zbog nepredvidljivog tijeka i razvoja simptoma bolesti. Simptomi koje oboljeli razvijaju su: umor, dvoslike, ataksija, Lhermitteov znak, vrtoglavica, spazam, pareze, optički i retrobulbarni neuritis. Fizioterapija je izrazito bitna kod rehabilitacije oboljelih od multiple skleroze. Jedna od fizioterapijskih mogućnosti je hidroterapija. Hidroterapija je postupak koji uključuje korištenje vode kao mogućnost liječenja. Zbog fizikalnih svojstva vode, vježbanje u vodi osobama s multiplom sklerozom omogućuje prividno smanjenje tjelesne težine, poboljšava snagu, tonus, sigurnost, kondiciju te omogućuje lakše izvođenje pokreta nego na tlu. U radu su prikazana istraživanja u kojima se opisuje učinak hidroterapije na pojedine simptome. Hidroterapija pozitivno utječe na hod, funkcionalni balans, ataksiju, mišićnu snagu, bol i neovisnost kod oboljelih od multiple skleroze. Potrebno je izbjegavati tople kupke jer one dovode do pogoršanja kliničke slikeMultiple sclerosis is a progressive, chronic, inflammatory, central nervous system demyelinating disease characterised by a breakdown of the myelin layer. The cause of the disease is still unknown. Multiple sclerosis affects women more often, 2-3 times more than men. The first symptoms of the disease occur between the ages of 20 and 40. In the world, 2.8 million people live with multiple sclerosis. Due to mild early symptoms, patients usually do not seek medical attention at the beginning. The symptoms depend on the stage of the disease. Multiple sclerosis is called “a disease with a thousand faces” because of the unpredictable course and development of symptoms of the disease. Symptoms that occur are fatigue, double vision, ataxia, Lhermitte sign, vertigo, spasm, paresis, optic, and retrobulbar neuritis. There are four forms of disease, and the most common is relapsing–remitting. Physiotherapy is very important in multiple sclerosis patients. One possibility is hydrotherapy. Hydrotherapy is a process involving the use of water as a treatment option. Because of the physical properties of water, exercise in water allows people with multiple sclerosis to seemingly reduce body weight, improve strength, tone, safety, and fitness and facilitate movement on the ground. The paper presents studies describing the effect of hydrotherapy on individual symptoms. Hydrotherapy has a positive effect on gait, functional balance, ataxia, muscle strength, pain, and independence in MS patients. Warm baths should be avoided as they lead to a worsening of the clinical pictur
THE IMPORTANCE OF PERFORMING KEGEL EXERCISES AFTER CHILDBIRTH
No full textKegelove vježbe ili Kegelov trening ime nose po svom izumitelju, američkom ginekologu Arnoldu H. Kegelu. Naime, upravo je on otkrio da su mnoge njegove pacijentice bile pogođene osjetljivim mjehurom nakon rođenja djeteta. Stoga, to je pripisao činjenici da trudnoća i porod slabe mišiće unutar zdjelice koji nisu vidljivi izvana. Umjesto da te simptome liječi lijekovima ili kirurškim zahvatom, kao što je bilo uobičajeno u to vrijeme, on je kasnih 1940-ih propisao ženama trening mišića dna zdjelice. Njegove su pacijentice tvrdile da su im vježbe pomogle, a od toga je profitirao i njihov ljubavni život. I danas se propisuju Kegelove vježbe za jačanje mišića dna zdjelice, ne samo za žene koje su nedavno rodile, već i za one koje pate od osjetljivog mjehura. Ove vježbe pomažu u jačanju mišića dna zdjelice. Kegelova studija pokazala je da vježbe mogu pomoći u sprječavanju cistokele, rektokele i urinarne stresne inkontinencije. Također, ukazuje da uretralni sfinkteri i potporni sustavi kod žena mogu spriječiti urinarnu inkontinenciju i prolaps spolnih organa.Kegel exercises or Kegel training are named after their inventor, the American gynecologist Arnold H. Kegel. Namely, it was he who discovered that many of his patients were affected by a sensitive bladder after the birth of a child. Therefore, he attributed this to the fact that pregnancy and childbirth weaken muscles within the pelvis that are not visible from the outside. Instead of treating these symptoms with medication or surgery, as was common at the time, he prescribed pelvic floor training for women later in the 1940s. His patients claimed that the exercises could help them, and their love lives also benefited from it. Even today, Kegel exercises are prescribed to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor, not only for women who have recently given birth, but also for those who suffer from a sensitive bladder. These exercises help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. A Kegel study showed that exercises can help with cystocele, rectocele and urinary stress incontinence. Also, it indicates that urethral sphincters and support systems in women can prevent urinary incontinence and prolapse of external organs
PHYSIOTHERAPY APPROACH AFTER INSTALLATION OF TOTAL ENDOPROSTHESIS OF THE HIP JOINT
No full textZglob kuka spada među najveće zglobove u čovjeka. Zglob zbog svoje anatomske građe i biomehanike, omogućuje podnošenje velikih opterećenja te normalan ravnotežni položaj tijela u prostoru. Zglob kuka, uz sve zglobove ljudskog tijela, podložan je patološkim i degenerativnim promjenama, što ima za posljedicu nastanak i razvoj bolesti lokomotornog sustava. Daljnjim razvojem bolesti zgloba kuka, dolazi do povećanja ograničenosti pokreta i smanjenja funkcije prigodom obavljanja svakodnevnih aktivnosti. Ukoliko se simptomi bolesti ne smiruju putem konzervativne terapije, bolesnik se podvrgava kirurškom liječenju, odnosno artroplastici zgloba kuka. Artroplastika kuka označava kirurški zahvat kod kojeg dolazi do zamjene patološki-oštećenog zgloba s umjetnim zglobom, tj. endoprotezom. Endoproteze danas dijelimo na više vrsta. Prema broju sastavnih dijelova dijelimo ih na parcijalne i totalne, dok prema načinu fiksacije ih dijelimo na cementne, bescementne te hibridne. Postoji niz operativnih pristupa kojima se može ugraditi endoproteza. Najčešće se primjenjuju izravni prednji, izravni bočni i stražnji pristup. Nakon ugradnje endoproteze zgloba kuka, započinje se s fizioterapijskom procjenom i intervencijom. Fizioterapijska procjena čini prvi korak k rehabilitaciji. Procjena bolesnikovog stanja dobiva se putem subjektivnog i objektivnog pregleda te pomoću različitih testova i mjerenja. Cilj procjene je prikupiti što više informacija o samom bolesniku te njegovom stanju, kako bi se napravio kvalitetan plan i program fizioterapijske intervencije. Fizioterapijska intervencija uključuje primjenu fizioterapijskih vježbi te fizikalnih čimbenika u svrhu liječenja prije i poslije operativnog zahvata. Predoperativna intervencija ima za svrhu educirati bolesnika o bolesti i tijeku rehabilitacije te ga pripremiti fizički i psihički za operativni zahvat. Nakon operativnog zahvata odmah započinje postoperativna rehabilitacija, koja se dijeli u četiri faze. Kroz te četiri faze, primjenjuju se različiti terapijski postupci poput elektroterapije, hidroterapije, fizioterapijskih vježbi i drugo. Cilj same fizioterapijske intervencije je vratiti, poboljšati i održavati tjelesnu funkcionalnost zgloba kuka kao i opće zdravlje bolesnika.The hip joint is one of the largest joints in man. Due to its anatomical structure and biomechanics, the joint allows for high loads and a normal equilibrium position of the body in space. The hip joint, along with all the joints of the human body, is susceptible to pathological and degenerative changes, resulting in the emergence and development of locomotor disease. Further development of hip joint disease, increased mobility constraints and reduced function when carrying out daily activities. If the symptoms of the disease are not calmed through conservative treatment, the patient is subjected to surgical treatment, i.e. the arthroplasty of the hip joint. Hip arthroplasty means a surgical operation involving the replacement of a pathologically damaged joint with an artificial joint, i.e. endoprosthesis. Today we divide endoprosthesis into several species. In terms of the number of components, we divide them into partial and total parts, while, by way of fixation, we divide them into cement, non-cement and hybrid ones. There are a number of operational approaches that can incorporate endoprosthesis. The most commonly used direct front, direct lateral, and back approaches are. After incorporation of the hip joint endoprosthesis, start with physiotherapy evaluation and intervention. The Physiotherapy Assessment is the first step toward rehabilitation. The assessment of the patient’s condition is obtained through subjective and objective examination and various tests and measurements. The objective of the assessment is to gather as much information as possible on the patient’s own condition and condition in order to establish a sound physiotherapy intervention plan and program. Physiotherapy intervention involves the use of physiotherapy exercises and physical factors for treatment purposes. We use a physiotherapy intervention before and after the operation. The purpose of the pre-operational intervention is to educate the patient about the disease and the course of rehabilitation and to prepare him/her physically and mentally for operational intervention. After the operation, post-operative rehabilitation begins immediately, which is part of four phases. Through these four stages, different therapeutic treatments are applied, such as electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, physiotherapy and others. The physiotherapy intervention itself aims to restore, improve and maintain the physical functionality of the hip joint as well as the general health of patients
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND STROKE: IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN RECOVERY USING ROBOTIC NEUROREHABILITATION?
Get PDFTraumatska ozljeda mozga (TOM) i moždani udar (MU) predstavljaju značajne
javnozdravstvene izazove u cijelom svijetu ujedno i u Hrvatskoj. Ove dvije neurološke bolesti često imaju ozbiljne posljedice za pojedinca, uključujući motoričke i kognitivne poteškoće, koje mogu imati značajan utjecaj na kvalitetu života. S obzirom na te izazove, postalo je nužno stalno tragati za inovativnim i učinkovitim terapijskim pristupima.
Robotska neurorehabilitacija je relativno novo, ali obećavajuće područje rehabilitacije
koje kombinira načela robotike i neuroznanosti za poboljšanje procesa oporavka pacijenata s
neurološkim poremećajima. Ovaj pristup omogućuje precizno kontrolirane vježbe i terapije
prilagođene potrebama pojedinog pacijenta i može dovesti do poboljšanih ishoda
rehabilitacije. Trenutačni dokazi upućuju na to da robotska neurorehabilitacija može biti
korisna za poboljšanje motoričkih funkcija kod pacijenata nakon moždanog udara ili ozljeda
mozga. Unatoč ovim nalazima, međutim, ostaje pitanje postoji li razlika u učinkovitosti ovog
terapijskog pristupa između ove dvije različite neurološke populacije. Ova razlika može biti
posljedica različitih patofizioloških mehanizama u podlozi traumatske ozljede mozga i
moždanog udara, koji mogu utjecati na odgovor na liječenje.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je provesti komparativnu analizu učinkovitosti robotski potpomognute neurorehabilitacije u procesu oporavka pacijenata nakon ozljede mozga i nakon moždanog udara. Istraživanje će se provodit će se u Poliklinici Glavić u Zagrebu, a obuhvatit će dvije jasno definirane skupine pacijenata. Obje skupine dobivaju terapiju jednakog trajanja,
odnosno dvanaest tjedana intenzivne robotske neurorehabilitacije.
U ovom istraživanju koristit će se tri standardizirana testa – “Timed Up and Go” (TUG), “Berg Balance Scale” (BBS) i "10 Meter Walk Test" (10 MWT) kod pacijenata prije i poslije rehabilitacije.
Rezultati ove studije mogli bi dovesti do boljeg razumijevanja razlika u učinkovitosti
robotske neurorehabilitacije između pacijenata s traumatskom ozljedom mozga i moždanim
udarom, što bi moglo imati važne implikacije za prilagodbu strategija liječenja i optimizacijuprograma rehabilitacije za ove dvije populacije. U konačnici, istraživanje bi moglo pomoći u poboljšanju kvalitete života pacijenata koji se oporavljaju od ovih ozbiljnih neuroloških bolesti.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke are significant public health challenges
worldwide, including in Croatia. These neurological conditions often result in serious
consequences for individuals, including motor and cognitive difficulties that can significantly
impact their quality of life. Given these challenges, there is an ongoing need to search for
innovative and effective therapeutic approaches.
Robotic neurorehabilitation is a relatively new but promising field of rehabilitation that
combines principles of robotics and neuroscience to enhance the recovery process of patients
with neurological disorders. This approach enables precise, patient-tailored exercises and
therapies that can lead to improved rehabilitation outcomes. Current evidence suggests that
robotic neurorehabilitation may be beneficial in enhancing motor functions in patients
recovering from stroke or brain injuries. However, a question remains: is there a difference in
the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach between these two distinct neurological
populations? This difference may be attributed to differing pathophysiological mechanisms
underlying TBI and stroke, which could affect treatment response.
The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of
robot-assisted neurorehabilitation in the recovery process of patients with brain injuries and
stroke. The study will be conducted at the Polyclinic Glavić in Zagreb and will encompass two
clearly defined groups of patients. Both groups will receive therapy of the same duration,
namely, twelve weeks of intensive robotic neurorehabilitation.
This study will employ three standardized functional tests – “Timed Up and Go”
(TUG), “Berg Balance Scale” (BBS) and the "10 Meter Walk Test" (10 MWT) in patients
before and after rehabilitation.
The results of this study could lead to a better understanding of the differences in the
effectiveness of robotic neurorehabilitation between patients with TBI and stroke, which may
have significant implications for tailoring treatment strategies and optimizing rehabilitationprograms for these two populations. Ultimately, this research could contribute to improving
the quality of life for patients recovering from these serious neurological conditions