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Advances in rapid and sensitive biosensors for AF detection: toward enhanced food safety
No full textAFs are among the most dangerous compounds, exhibiting carcinogenic effects on human and liver tissue. Due to their high toxicity and established limits in food and feed products, there is a growing demand for more accurate and sensitive detection methods. Detecting AFs is of paramount importance for ensuring food safety, as even low concentrations can pose risks to both humans and livestock. Various techniques such as electrochemical immunosensors, ELISA tests, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods are extensively employed to quantify AF levels. However, these methods are often time-consuming and costly. Many countries have set permissible total AF limits in ng/g, making their accurate detection a significant challenge. Consequently, the production and storage sectors of food and feed necessitate the development of AF-specific, sensitive, and rapid detection systems. In response, a range of biosensors including immunoassays, electrochemical aptasensors, as well as amperometric, impedimetric, conductometric, potentiometric, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-integrated, colorimetric, and fluorescent biosensors have emerged. This chapter offers insights into common methods for AF detection, the latest advancements in AF biosensors, their technical intricacies, and their achieved detection limits
The relationship between hematological indices as indicators of inflammation and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 status in newborns
Get PDFArka Plan Yenidoğanlarda hematolojik parametreler ile D vitamini durumu arasındaki ilişki hakkında hala pek çok şey bilinmemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı 25(OH)D3 (D vitamini) durumu ile yeni tanımlanmış sistemik inflamatuar belirteçler olan nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR), lenfosit/monosit oranı (LMR) ve trombosit/lenfosit oranı (PLR) arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. ) yenidoğanlarda. Yöntemler Çalışmaya 100 yenidoğan alındı. Serum D vitamini durumu, 20 ng/mL (> 50 nmol/L) ) yeterli olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular Maternal ve yenidoğan D vitamini durumuna paralel olarak gruplar arasında da istatistiksel olarak farklıydı (p 20 ng/mL (> 50 nmol/L) was considered as sufficient.ResultsParallel to maternal and newborn vitamin D status were also statistically different between the groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference was found between the deficient, sufficient and insufficient groups in terms of newborn hemoglobin, neutrophil, monocytes, NLR, PLT, PLR and neutrophil to monocyte ratio (NMR) (p < 0.05, in all). There was also a positive correlation between maternal and newborn vitamin D status (r = 0.975, p = 0.000). The newborn NLR were negative correlated with newborn vitamin D status (r = -0.616, p = 0.000).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that there may be potential new biomarkers to predict inflammation associated with the inflammatory state that may arise due to changes in NLR, LMR, and PLR in vitamin D deficiency in newborns. NLR and other hematologic indices may be non-invasive, simple, easily measurable, cost-effective markers of inflammation in newborns
The Effect of Interleukin-1 Antagonists on Brain Volume and Cognitive Function in Two Patients With Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy With Subcortical Cysts
Get PDFBackground: Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a rare leukodystro-phy characterized by early-onset macrocephaly and progressive white matter vacuolation. The MLC1 protein plays a role in astrocyte activation during neuroinflammation and regulates volume decrease following astrocyte osmotic swelling. Loss of MLC1 function activates interleukin (IL)-1b-induced in-flammatory signals. Theoretically, IL-1 antagonists (such as anakinra and canakinumab) can slow the progression of MLC. Herein, we present two boys from different families who had MLC due to biallelic MLC1 gene mutations and were treated with the anti-IL-1 drug anakinra.Methods: Two boys from different families presented with megalencephaly and psychomotor retarda-tion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in both patients were compatible with the diagnosis of MLC. The diagnosis of MLC was confirmed via Sanger analysis of the MLC1 gene. Anakinra was admin-istered to both patients. Volumetric brain studies and psychometric evaluations were performed before and after anakinra treatment. Results: After anakinra therapy, brain volume in both patients decreased significantly and cognitive functions and social interactions improved. No adverse effects were observed during anakinra therapy.Conclusions: Anakinra or other IL-1 antagonists can be used to suppress disease activity in patients with MLC; however, the present findings need to be confirmed via additional research.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Endovascular treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms: Results from a single-team experience of 81 cases including 13 flow diversion treatment
No full textIntroduction: Relatively constant surgical risks and rapid advances in endovascular treatment have caused a major shift toward endovascular management of posterior circulation aneurysms. This paper presents the results of a series of endovascularly treated posterior circulation aneurysms.
Methods: A total of 81 patients who underwent endovascular treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms performed by a single team between 2009 and 2019 were included. Demographic, clinical, radiologic, and management details were retrospectively obtained from hospital records.
Results: Among the included patients, 50 (61.7%) and 31 (38.3%) were female and male, respectively. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was observed in 30 patients (37%). Moreover, 40 (49.3%) aneurysms were treated with stent-assisted coiling, 1 (1.2%) aneurysm was treated with parent artery occlusion, 2 (2.4%) aneurysms were coiled using balloon assistance, 24 (29.6%) aneurysms were coiled primarily, 1 (1.2%) patient had an unsuccessful treatment attempt, and 13 (16.0%) aneurysms were treated with flow-diverter stents or stent monotherapy. During the last follow-up, 57 (83.8%) aneurysms were completely occluded, whereas 6 (8.8%) and 2 (2.9%) aneurysms did and did not have a residual neck, respectively. Flow diversion was used to treat 13 patients, among whom 8 had total occlusion or stable residue. A total of 7 deaths (8.6%) were encountered in this series.
Conclusion: Endovascular treatment should be considered as the primary treatment modality for posterior circulation aneurysms. Despite the high morbidity and mortality rates, promising results can be achieved with correct patient selection. Flow diversion can be a feasible alternative for complex aneurysms that are difficult to treat. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedad Espanola de Neurocirugia
Systemic observation and measurement of microgap formation in dental implant-abutment connection interface under fatigue
No full textToday, a variety of implant designs with different attachment types are widely used in dental implant systems to eliminate connection problems. However, there are still design issues that can significantly affect the long-term success of dental implants. One of these problems is the formation of a microgap in the abutment-implant interface, which can lead to abutment screw loosening, screw fracture, and abutment fracture under masticatory loading. In this in vitro study, the effects of gingival height, dental implant diameter, and abutment type (solid, digital, and ball) on microgap formation were observed after repetitive fatigue tests using an experimental design. After the tests, the optimal design factors were determined to minimize microgap formation. According to the results of the experimental design, the abutment type was found to be the most influential parameter on microgap formation. An implant diameter of 4.1 mm, the smallest gingival height of 0.5 mm, and a digital attachment combination were identified as the optimal design parameters based on the statistical approach (R-2 = 85.3 %)
A Validity Testing Study of Parent Attitude Scale (PAS) for the Parents Who Have Children Between 7 and 11
No full textAs children's socialization changes, the areas on which parents' attitudes focus also change. Middle childhood (age 7-11 years) is a special developmental period in which children experience changes in their physical, cognitive, and socialization aspects. However, few studies have investigated parental attitudes toward middle childhood. There are various measurement tools for parental attitudes. In our country, these tools are generally used to measure authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive dimensions, but not the overprotective dimension, which is the subject of an increasing number of studies. In Turkish literature, the only scale used to evaluate the overprotective dimension in addition to the authoritative, authoritarian and permissive dimensions is the Parent Attitude Scale (PAS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether PAS is a psychometrically adequate scale to measure the parental attitudes toward middle childhood. A total of 392 participants (260 mothers, 121 fathers, and 11 participants of unspecified gender) were included. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a four-dimensional structure consisting of 42 items encompassing the authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and overprotective dimensions was supported. Meanwhile, the results of the interdimensional correlation analysis showed that authoritative-authoritarian was negatively correlated to authoritativepermissive, while permissive-authoritarian was positively correlated to permissive-overprotective; no significant relationship was found with overprotective-authoritative. The results of the formal, metric, and scale invariance tests showed the applicability of PAS to both parents. Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficients, correlations between dimensions and test-retest results obtained within the scope of the reliability analysis also supported that the reliability level of the scale was at a desirable level. In conclusion, PAS is a valid and reliable scale applicable to parents with children aged 7-11 years
Proktalji tanılı hastalarda transvers friksiyon masajı ile solunum egzersizlerinin ağrı ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi = The effects of transverse fraction massage and breathing exercise on pain and quality of life in patients with proctalgia
No full textProktalji, gece veya gündüz herhangi bir sebep olmadan anal bölgede birkaç saniyeden dakikalara uzayan ani, batıcı bir ağrı olarak tanımlanabilir. Şikayetlerde farklılıklar olması nedeniyle net bir tanımı yapılamamıştır ve patofizyolojisi tam olarak anlaşılamayan bir rahatsızlıktır. Şikayetlerin fizyoterapi ile azaltılması mümkündür. Bu çalışma, proktalji tanısı almış kişilerde transvers friksiyon masajı (TFM) ve solunum gevşeme egzersizlerinin semptom, ağrı ve yaşam kalitelerindeki değişimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Anorektal ağrı şikayetiyle tıbbi desteğe başvurup proktalji teşhisi alan 18-60 yaş arasındaki hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Dahil edilenlerden rektal cerrahi öyküsü, hemoroidi veya nörolojik rahatsızlığı olanlar çalışma dışı bırakılıp, çalışma 10 hasta ile tamamlanmıştır. Hastalara, 4 hafta boyunca haftada 2 gün toplamda 8 seans olacak şekilde Eksternal anal sfinktere (EAS) TFM uygulanmıştır. Buna ek olarak hastalara solunum gevşeme egzersizleri 4 hafta boyunca ev programı olarak verilmiştir. Tedavi öncesi ve tedavi bitiminde aynı fizyoterapist tarafından hastalardaki hassasiyet ve spazm dijital rektal muayene ile değerlendirilirken; ağrı şiddeti Görsel Analog Ölçeği (VAS) ile ölçülüp, semptomlar Öz Değerlendirme Sağlık Profili 2 (Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 (TMYMOP2)) ve yaşam kalitesi Notthingam Sağlık Profili (NHP) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmadaki hastaların yaş ortalaması 38,10±11,160'tır. Tedavi bitimi değerlendirmeleri yapılan hastaların ağrı şiddetinde ve semptomlarında azalma görülmüş (p0,05). Sonuç olarak, Proktalji tanısı konmuş kişilerde EAS'a uygulanan TFM tekniği ve solunum gevşeme egzersizlerinin fizyoterapistlerin hastalara uygulayabilecekleri risksiz, etkili ve kolay bir yöntem olduğu görülmektedir.Proctalgia can be defined as a sudden, stabbing pain lasting from a few seconds to minutes in the anal region without any reason, day or night. Due to the differences in complaints, a clear definition could not be made and it is a disorder whose pathophysiology is not fully understood. Complaints can be reduced with physiotherapy. This study was carried out to determine the changes in symptoms, pain and quality of life of transverse friction massage (TFM) and respiratory relaxation exercises in people with proctalgia diagnosis. Patients between the ages of 18-60 who applied to medical support with the complaint of anorectal pain and were diagnosed with proctalgia were included in the study. Among those included, those with a history of rectal surgery, hemorrhoids or neurological disorders were excluded from the study, and the study was completed with 10 patients. TFM was applied to the external anal sphincter (EAS) in a total of 8 sessions, 2 days a week for 4 weeks. In addition, respiratory relaxation exercises were given to the patients as a home program for 4 weeks. While sensitivity and spasm in patients are evaluated by digital rectal examination by the same physiotherapist before and at the end of the treatment; pain intensity was measured with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), symptoms were evaluated with the Turkish version of Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 (TMYMOP2) and quality of life was evaluated with the Nottingam Health Profile (NHP). The mean age of the patients in the study was 38.10±11.160. It was determined that the pain severity and symptoms of the patients who were evaluated at the end of the treatment decreased (p0.05). As a result, it is seen that the TFM technique and respiratory relaxation exercises applied to EAS in people diagnosed with proctalgia are a risk-free, effective and easy method that physiotherapists can apply to patients
Effect of repeated multipatient simulations on professional readiness among senior nursing students
No full textBackground: Senior nursing students are expected to be ready in terms of professional decisions and practices as soon as possible after graduation. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) is a framework to prepare nursing students for practice in the health care system. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effect of repeated exposure to multipatient simulations on senior nursing students' pregraduation transition views, QSEN knowledge level and self-competency, professional readiness, and postgraduation transition shock. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of intervention and control groups with pretest, posttest, and a follow-up was conducted with 78 senior nursing students at a private, accredited, nursing program in Istanbul, Turkey. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in the intervention group between the pretest and the posttest for self-confidence (P <.01), QSEN knowledge level (P <.01), and professional readiness (P <.01). The QSEN knowledge level (P <.01) and professional competency (P [removed
Developmental and Behavioral Consequences of Intrauterine Anti-Seizure Medication Exposure
Get PDFIntroduction: In this cross-sectional study, whether there is a difference in the prevalence of developmental/behavioral problems in children of those who received mono/polytherapy during pregnancy; How Valproic Acid ( VPA) exposure affects developmental/behavioral characteristics compared to other antiseizure medications (ASM) was also investigated.
Method: 64 children of 46 women with epilepsy ( WWE) with children aged 0-18 years were included. Ankara Development and Screening Inventory (ADSI) for their children up to the age of six and The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 4-18-CBCL/4-18 scale was applied for the ages of 6-18. Children exposed to prenatal ASM were divided into two groups as polytherapy and monotherapy. Children exposed to monotherapy were investigated by drug exposure, as well as exposure to VPA and other ASMs. Chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables.
Results: When monotherapy and polytherapy groups were compared, a significant difference was found in the language cognitive development area of the ADSI (p=0.015) and in terms of the sports activity variable in CBCL/4-18 (p=0.039). When the VPA monotherapy and other ASM monotherapy groups were compared, a significant difference was found in terms of sports activity in CBCL-4-18 (p=0.013).
Conclusion: It was found that language and cognitive development can be delayed, the level of engagement in sports activities can be reduced in children exposed to polytherapy. The rate of doing sports activities in valproic acid monotherapy exposure may decrease
Reparative, Neuroprotective and Anti-Neurodegenerative Effects of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Radiation-Induced Brain Injury Model
Get PDFObjective : This animal model aimed to compare the rat group that received brain irradiation and did not receive additional treatment (only saline) and the rat group that underwent brain irradiation and received Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. In addition, the effects of G-CSF on brain functions were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathologically.Methods : This study used 24 female Wistar albino rats. Drug administration (saline or G-CSF) was started at the beginning of the study and continued for 15 days after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). WBRT was given on day 7 of the start of the study. At the end of 15 days, the behavioral tests, including the three-chamber sociability test, open field test, and passive avoidance learning test, were done. After the behavioral test, the animals performed the MR spectroscopy procedure. At the end of the study, cervical dislocation was applied to all animals.Results : G-CSF treatment positively affected the results of the three-chamber sociability test, open-space test and passive avoidance learning test, cornu Ammonis (CA) 1, CA3, and Purkinje neuron counts, and the brain levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic density protein-95. However, G-CSF treatment reduced the glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining index and brain levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa-B, and lactate. In addition, on MR spectroscopy, G-CSF had a reversible effect on brain lactate levels.Conclusion : In this first designed brain irradiation animal model, which evaluated G-CSF effects, we observed that G-CSF had reparative, neuroprotective and anti-neurodegenerative effects and had increased neurotrophic factor expression, neuronal counts, and morphology changes. In addition, G-CSF had a proven lactate-lowering effect in MR spectroscopy and brain materials