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An application of raman spectroscopy in combination with machine learning to determine gastric cancer spectroscopy marker
No full textBackground and Objective: Globally, gastric carcinoma (Gca) ranks fifth in terms of incidence and third in terms of mortality. Higher serum tumor markers (TMs) than those from healthy individuals, led to TMs clinical application as diagnostic biomarkers for Gca. Actually, there is no accurate blood test to diagnose Gca. Methods: Raman spectroscopy is applied as an efficient, credible, minimally invasive technique to evalu-ate the serum TMs levels in blood samples. After curative gastrectomy, serum TMs levels are important in predicting the recurrence of gastric cancer, which must be detected early. The experimentally assesed TMs levels using Raman measurements and EL ISA test were used to develop a prediction model based on machine learning techniques. A total of 70 participants diagnosed with gastric cancer after surgery ( n = 26) and healthy ( n = 44) were comrpised in this study. Results: In the Raman spectra of gastric cancer patients, an additional peak at 1182 cm -1 was observed and, the Raman intensity of amide III, II, I, and CH2 proteins as well as lipids functional group was higher. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed, that it is possible to distinguish between the control and Gca groups using the Raman range between 800 and 1800 cm -1, as well as between 2700 and 30 0 0 cm -1. The analysis of Raman spectra dynamics in gastric cancer and healthy patients showed, that the vibrations at 1302 and 1306 cm -1 were characteristic for cancer patients. In addition, the selected machine learning methods showed classification accuracy of more than 95%, while obtaining an AUROC of 0.98. Such results were obtained using Deep Neural Networks and the XGBoost algorithm. Conclusions: The obtained results suggest, that Raman shifts at 1302 and 1306 cm -1 could be spectro-scopic markers of gastric cancer.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Could Prior COVID-19 Affect the Neutralizing Antibody after the Third BNT162b2 Booster Dose: A Longitudinal Study
Get PDFAşılama, devam eden COVID-19 salgını sırasında hastalığın yayılmasını önlemek için temel bir halk sağlığı önlemidir. Konakçının geliştirdiği immün yanıt veya aşının oluşturduğu immünolojik yanıtın devam etmesi, salgının gidişatını değiştirebileceği için hayati önem taşıyor. Çalışmamızda sağlıklı erişkinlerde BNT162b2 aşısının üçüncü dozu (15., 60. ve 90. günlerde) öncesi ve sonrasında oluşan anti-S-RBD antikoru ve taşıyıcı nötralize edici antikor (snAb) titrelerini belirlemeyi amaçladık. önceden SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu olsun veya olmasın herhangi bir ek hastalık yoktu. Bu uzunlamasına prospektif çalışmaya, Ocak ve Şubat 2022 arasında, iki doz BNT162b2 aşılamasının ardından ve üçüncü dozdan önce 300 sağlıklı kişi rastgele dahil edildi. Periferik damarlardan kan alındı. SARS-CoV-2 NCP IgG ve anti-S-RBD IgG seviyeleri CMIA yöntemiyle tespit edildi ve bir vekil nötrleştirici antikor ELISA yöntemiyle görüldü. Çalışmamıza 154 (%51,3) kadın, 146 (%48,7) erkek (toplam 300) katılımcı dahil edildi. Katılımcıların ortanca yaşı 32,5 (IQR:24-38) idi. 208 kişinin (%69,3) hiç SARS-CoV-2 ile enfekte olmadığı, 92 katılımcının (%30,7) ise geçmişte SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu geçirdiği keşfedildi. Anti-S-RBD IgG ve nAb IH% seviyeleri, üçüncü BNT162b2 aşı dozajından sonra 15. günde 5,94 ve 1,26 kat, 60. günde 3,63 ve 1,22 kat ve 90. günde 2,33 ve 1,26 kat arttı. aşılama öncesi değerler (0. Gün). Ek olarak, 60. ve 90. günlerde anti-S-RBD IgG seviyelerindeki azalma, önceden SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu olmayan grupta, geçmişte SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu olan gruba göre anlamlı derecede farklıydı (p < 0,05) . Sonuç olarak önceki SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunun ve üçüncü BNT162b2 aşı dozunun hem nAb hem de anti-S-RBD IgG seviyelerinde daha düşük bir düşüşe yol açtığı gözlemlendi. Ancak aşının etkinliğini değerlendirmek ve aşılama programlarını güncellemek için, hala dolaşımda olan varyantlar mevcut olduğundan, bağışıklık tepkisi sorunu olmayan sağlıklı bireyler üzerinde çok merkezli, uzun vadeli ve kapsamlı araştırmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.Vaccination is an essential public health measure for preventing the spread of illness during this continuing COVID-19 epidemic. The immune response developed by the host or the continuation of the immunological response caused by vaccination is crucial since it might alter the epidemic's prognosis. In our study, we aimed to determine the titers of anti-S-RBD antibody and surrogate neutralizing antibody (snAb) formed before and after the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccination (on the 15th, 60th, and 90th days) in healthy adults who did not have any comorbidity either with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this longitudinal prospective study, 300 healthy persons were randomly included between January and February 2022, following two doses of BNT162b2 immunization and before a third dosage. Blood was drawn from the peripheral veins. SARS-CoV-2 NCP IgG and anti-S-RBD IgG levels were detected by the CMIA method, and a surrogate neutralizing antibody was seen by the ELISA method. Our study included 154 (51.3%) female and 146 (48.7%) male (total 300) participants. The participants' median age was 32.5 (IQR:24-38). It was discovered that 208 individuals (69.3%) had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2, whereas 92 participants (30.7%) had SARS-CoV-2 infections in the past. Anti-S-RBD IgG and nAb IH% levels increased 5.94- and 1.26-fold on day 15, 3.63- and 1.22-fold on day 60, and 2.33- and 1.26-fold on day 90 after the third BNT162b2 vaccine dosage compared to pre-vaccination values (Day 0). In addition, the decrease in anti-S-RBD IgG levels on the 60th and 90th days was significantly different in the group without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the group with past SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was observed that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and the third BNT162b2 vaccine dose led to a lower decrease in both nAb and anti-S-RBD IgG levels. To evaluate the vaccine's effectiveness and update immunization programs, however, it is necessary to perform multicenter, longer-term, and comprehensive investigations on healthy individuals without immune response issues, as there are still circulating variants
Role of Reelin and Zinc in the Pathogenesis of D-Glutamic Acid-Induced PAH
No full textSupplement:730
Special Issue:SI
Meeting Abstract:PC-07
Assessment of sensitivity to the anesthesia in a diabetic rat model
No full textOBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus and glucose regulation are important in decid-ing on surgical intervention in pre-surgical as-sessments. In our study, we aimed to investigate the correlations between the induction time of anesthesia, glucose level, and weight in a dia-betic rat model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Weight -matched adult male Wistar rats were grouped as control (n=8) and diabetic (n=8). In the latter group, diabetes was induced with a single intra-peritoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotosin. 72 hours after the injection, animals possessing a blood glucose concentration above 300 mg/ kg were considered diabetic. The weights and blood glucose levels were observed for 7 days. In the end, 80 mg/kg ketamine and 12 mg/kg xylazine were administered to both groups, and the induction time of anesthesia was recorded. The success of anesthesia was confirmed with toe pinching by using a clamp. The Student's L- and Pearson's correlation tests were used for statistical analyses.RESULTS: The induction time of anesthesia was significantly reduced in the diabetic group com-pared to the controls (p<0.01). Diabetic animals weighed less than the control group (p<0.01). The correlation analysis in the diabetic group showed that the weight and blood glucose level of animals did not influence the induction time of anesthesia (respectively, p=0.80, r: 0.150; p=0.68, r:-0.300). A negative correlation between blood glucose concentration and weight was found in diabetics (p<0.05, r:-0.828).CONCLUSIONS: The dosage of anesthetic agents is important in the effectiveness of an-esthesia, and surgical complications. Since our results indicate the susceptibility of diabetics to anesthesia, we suggest that the dose of anes-thetics should be finely adjusted considering the presence of diabetes
Craniospinal MRI findings in spina bifida patients following fetoscopic, open and postnatal repair
No full textBACKGROUND: Prenatal spina bifida repair and its clinical outcome are increasingly seen as topics of research even though early postnatal repair is routinely recommended for the treatment of spina bifida. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cranio-spinal MRI findings in spina bifida patients following prenatal and postnatal repair in a five-year follow-up study. METHODS: Hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, malformations of cortical development, vertebral anomalies, syringohydromyelia, diastematomyelia, tethered cord were the parameters investigated in the cranio-spinal MRI of a group of nine patients that underwent prenatal (fetoscopic/open) or postnatal repair for spinal dysraphism. RESULTS: Follow-up MRI revealed no sign of Chiari malformation in patients that underwent prenatal repair. Hydrocephalus, gyral interdigitation and Chiari malformation were observed in the MRI of all of three patients that underwent postnatal repair. Heterotopia, polymicrogyria, and vermian hypoplasia were determined only in patients from postnatal repair group. In the fetoscopic repair group, scoliosis was seen in all patients, while vertebral segmentation, fusion anomalies, sacral dysgenesis were absent. In the prenatal open repair group vertebral segmentation was seen in one patient, scoliosis in two patients, while fusion anomalies and sacral dysgenesis were absent. Tethered cord syndrome was identified in all patients that underwent prenatal open repair and postnatal repair. CONCLUSIONS: In this category of patients larger and homogenous study groups combined with long term follow-up periods including evaluation of the cranial and spinal MRIs are necessary in order to have a better perspective over the consequences of each of these neurosurgical techniques
Tarçın Gerçekten Kan Şekerini Düşürüyor mu?
Get PDFGünümüzde obezitenin artışıyla birlikte insülin direnci ve diyabet yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline
gelmiştir. Bu sebeple ilaç tedavileri, beslenme tedavisi, fiziksel aktivite dışında yeni tedavi yöntemleri için
alternatif yollar aranmaktadır. Bitkisel destekler, çok az yan etkiye sahip oldukları ve popülasyonun çoğu
tarafından kolayca ulaşılabilir olduğu için iyi bir alternatif olarak görülmekte ve bu konuda araştırmalar
yapılmaktadır. Yüzyıllardır geleneksel bir ilaç olarak kullanılan tarçın da diyabet semptomlarına karşı en
fazla kullanılan bitkisel desteklerden biridir. Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum veya Çin
tarçını), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamomum verum veya Seylan tarçını), Cinnamomum burmannii
(Endonezya/Java tarçını) ve Cinnamomum loureiroi (Saygon/Vietnam tarçını) en yaygın tarçın türleri olarak
kullanılmaktadır. Çeşitli çalışmalarda tarçının diyabetik olmayan, prediyabetli ve Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde
kan şekeri, tokluk kan şekeri, insülin, HbA1c gibi kan parametreleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır.
Çalışmalar incelendiğinde sonuçlar arasında heterojenlik olduğu görülmekte ve tarçının kan şekerini
düşürmede yararlı etkilerinin olduğuna dair kesin sonuçlara ulaşılamamaktadır. Bu nedenle diyabeti
olan bireylerde mevcut literatür bilgileri göz önünde bulundurularak beslenme tedavisi ve yaşam tarzı
değişikliklerinin önerilmesi tavsiye edilmektedir.Today, with the increase in obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes have become a common public health
problem. For this reason, alternative ways are sought for new treatment methods other than drug treatments,
nutrition therapy and physical activity. Herbal supplements are seen as a good alternative because they
have few side effects and are easily accessible by most of the population, and research is being done on
this subject. Cinnamon, which has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries, is one of the most
used herbal supplements against diabetes symptoms. Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum
or Cassia cinnamon), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamomum verum or Ceylon cinnamon), Cinnamomum
burmannii (Indonesian/Java cinnamon) and Cinnamomum loureiroi (Saigon/Vietnamese cinnamon) are the
most common types of cinnamon. In various studies, the effect of cinnamon on blood parameters such
as blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, insulin, HbA1c in non-diabetic, prediabetic and Type 2 diabetes
individuals was investigated. When the studies are examined, it is seen that there is heterogeneity between
the results and no definite conclusions can be reached regarding the beneficial effects of cinnamon in
lowering blood sugar. For this reason, it is recommended to recommend nutritional therapy and lifestyle
changes in individuals with diabetes, taking into account the available literature
Brugada phenocopy associated with multiple psychotic drugs
Get PDFBrugada phenocopy (BrP) is a clinical condition characterized by transient ECG changes of Brugada syndrome (BrS), which can be due to various clinical conditions. We describe a case report of BrP due to psychotic drugs
The Effectiveness of a Digital Game-Based Intervention on Hazard Perception and Visual Skills in Novice Drivers: A Single Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFNovice drivers show poorer performance than experienced drivers in terms of visual skills and hazard perception. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a digital game-based intervention on hazard perception and visual skills in novice drivers. Forty-six novice drivers (6 men, 40 women) were randomized to the intervention group (n = 23; 20.79 +/- 0.81 years) or control (n = 23; 20.65 +/- 0.93 years) group. The intervention group received a game-based intervention in addition to a hazard perception training, whereas the control group received only the hazard perception training. Hazard perception and visual skills were assessed in both groups before and after the 14-day interventions. Between-group comparisons revealed significantly greater improvements in visual short time memory, visual closure, visual discrimination, figure-ground and total scores in the game-based group than in the control group (p < 0.05 for all). Our results showed that 14 days of game-based intervention enhanced hazard perception and visual skills in novice drivers. Using game-based interventions in driving rehabilitation is recommended to improve hazard perception and visual skills of novice drivers
Fertility and pregnancy outcomes of women before and after bariatric surgery: The case of Turkey
No full textBackground: Bariatric surgery is effective in reducing complications that may develop during pregnancy and childbirth in obese women. The aim of this study was to determine the fertility and pregnancy outcomes of women before and after bariatric surgery.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 121 women aged 18-45 years who underwent bariatric surgery in Istanbul between 2014 and 2018. Data were collected by calling the patients whose phone numbers were reached from the hospital records.Results: Before bariatric surgery, 62.8% of obese women became pregnant, the average weight gained during pregnancy was 17.07 +/- 11.39 kg, and 72.6% of newborns' birth weight was >= 3000 g. After bariatric surgery, 82.9% of the women became pregnant, the average weight gained during pregnancy was 10.05 +/- 4.03, and 44% of newborns' birth weight was >= 3000 g. Compared with preoperative period, in the postoperative period, the decrease in using a contraceptive method, receiving treatment to get pregnant, getting pregnant, the number of miscarriages, curettage, the mean gestational week, birth weight of the newborns, and weight gain during pregnancy was statistically significant.Conclusion: Although pregnancy is not a problem in obese women before bariatric surgery, it has a positive effect on pregnancy and obstetric problems. Close follow-up after bariatric surgery, especially for adequate weight gain, maintains its importance
Radyo sunucularının ses hijyeni hakkındaki farkındalık düzeyleri ve ses yorgunluklarının incelenmesi = Investigation of awareness levels about vocal hygiene and vocal fatigue of radio jockeys
No full textBu araştırma ile İstanbul'da çalışmakta olan radyo sunucularının ses hijyeni hakkındaki farkındalık düzeyleri ve ses yorgunluklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın modeli, tanımlayıcı kesitsel araştırma modelidir. Araştırmanın evrenini, İstanbul'da karasal ortamda faaliyet gösteren, RTÜK resmî sitesinde yer alan, ulusal, bölgesel ve yerel ölçekli lisansa sahip radyo kanallarında çalışmakta olan radyo sunucuları oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem sayısı uzman görüşü alınarak 72 kişi olarak belirlenmiş ve 94 radyo sunucusuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri; ses yorgunluğu ölçeği, demografik bilgi formu ve ses hijyeni farkındalık düzeyi bilgi formu kullanılarak çevrimiçi bir şekilde toplanmıştır. Bağımsız iki grup karşılaştırmaları nicel değişkenlerde Welch t testiyle, nitel değişkenlerde ise Fisher Exact Ki-kare testiyle yapılmıştır. Tüm analizler SPSS (versiyon 26) ile yapılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi %5 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında ses hijyeni farkındalık düzeyi soruları ile yaş değişkeni arasındaki karşılaştırmalarda (üçüncü ve altıncı sorularda), eğitim değişkeni arasındaki karşılaştırmlarda (üçüncü soruda), çalışma süresi değişkeni arasındaki karşılaştırmalarda (altı ve on dördüncü sorularda), günlük çalışma saati değişkeni arasındaki karşılaştırmalarda (dokuzuncu soruda), kronik hastalığın varlığı değişkeni arasındaki karşılaştırmalarda (üç, altı ve on birinci sorularda), ses hijyeni/vokal hijyen hakkında bilginin varlığı değişkeni arasındaki karşılaştırmalarda (bir, iki, üç, yedi, sekiz, on bir ve on dokuzuncu sorularda) anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Ses yorgunluğu ölçek skorları bakımından eğitim düzeyi değişkeni karşılaştırıldığında ise yorgunluk ve kaçınma boyutunda yüksek lisans ve doktora eğitimi alanların ortalaması, önlisans ve lisans eğitimi alanların ortalamasından istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Diğer boyutlarda ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Veriler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda radyo sunucusu olarak çalışmakta olan bireylerin ses hijyeni hakkındaki farkındalıklarının arttırılması için sesin profesyonel kullanımına ve bakımına ilişkin kapsamlı ve sistematik bir eğitim planlanması önerilmektedir.With this research, it was aimed to examine the awareness levels and vocal fatigue of radio jockeys working in Istanbul about vocal hygiene. The model of the study; It is a descriptive cross-sectional research model. The universe of the research, operating in the terrestrial environment in Istanbul; It consists of radio jockeys working in national, regional and locally licensed radio channels on the official site of RTUK. The sample number was determined as 72 people by taking expert opinion and 94 radio jockeys were reached. The data of the study; vocal fatigue scale, demographic information form and vocal hygiene awareness level information form were collected online. Two independent group comparisons were made with Welch t test for quantitative variables and Fisher Exact Chi-square test for qualitative variables. All analyzes were performed with SPSS (version 26) and the level of significance was accepted as 5%. Considering the results of the analysis, the comparisons between the vocal hygiene awareness level questions and the age variable (in the third and sixth questions), the comparisons between the education variable (in the third question), the comparisons between the working time variable (in the six and fourteenth questions), the comparisons between the daily working hours variable (in the ninth question), comparisons between the presence of chronic disease variable (questions three, six and eleven), comparisons between the variable of presence of knowledge about vocal hygiene (questions one, two, three, seven, eight, eleven and nineteen) difference was found. When the education level variable was compared in terms of vocal fatigue scale scores, the average of those with master's and doctoral education in the dimension of fatigue and avoidance was found to be statistically higher than the average of those with associate and undergraduate education. No statistically significant difference was found in other dimensions. Considering the data, it is recommended to plan a comprehensive and systematic training on the professional use and care of voice in order to increase the awareness of individuals working as radio jockeys about vocal hygien