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A GSO-based multi-objective technique for performance optimization of blockchain-based industrial Internet of things
No full textThe latest developments in the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) have opened up a collection of possibilities for many industries. To solve the massive IIoT data security and efficiency problems, a potential approach is considered to satisfy the main needs of IIoT, such as high throughput, high security, and high efficiency, which is named blockchain. The blockchain mechanism is considered a significant approach to boosting data protection and performance. In the quest to amplify the capabilities of blockchain-based IIoT, a pivotal role is accorded to the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm. Inspired by the collaborative brilliance of glowworms in nature, the GSO algorithm offers a unique approach to harmonizing these conflicting aims. This paper proposes a new approach to improve the performance optimization of blockchain-based IIoT using the GSO algorithm due to the blockchain's contradictory objectives. The proposed blockchain-based IIoT system using the GSO algorithm addresses scalability challenges typically associated with blockchain technology by efficiently managing interactions among nodes and dynamically adapting to network demands. The GSO algorithm optimizes the allocation of resources and decision-making, reducing inefficiencies and bottlenecks. The method demonstrates considerable performance improvements through extensive simulations compared to traditional algorithms, offering a more scalable and efficient solution for industrial applications in the context of the IIoT. The extensive simulation and computational study have shown that the proposed method using GSO considerably improves the objective function and blockchain-based IIoT systems' performance compared to traditional algorithms. It provides more efficient and secure systems for industries and corporations.
We introduced a blockchain-based IIoT using a glowworm swarm optimization algorithm motivated by glowworms' behavior, movements' probability toward each other, and luciferin quantity. The proposed approach significantly improves four-way trade-offs such as scalability, decentralization, cost, and latency. imag
Differences in ankle and knee muscle architecture and plantar pressure distribution among women with knee osteoarthritis
Get PDFBackground The aim of this study was to compare the plantar pressure distribution and knee and ankle muscle architecture in women with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsFifty women with knee OA (mean age = 52.11 +/- 4.96 years, mean Body mass index (BMI) = 30.94 +/- 4.23 kg/m2) and 50 healthy women as a control group (mean age = 50.93 +/- 3.78 years, mean BMI = 29.06 +/- 4.82 kg/m2) were included in the study. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate knee and ankle muscles architecture and femoral cartilage thickness. The plantar pressure distribution was evaluated using the Digital Biometry Scanning System and Milleri software (DIASU, Italy). Static foot posture was evaluated using the Foot Posture Index (FPI), and pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale.ResultsThe OA group exhibited lower muscle thickness in Rectus Femoris (RF) (p = 0.003), Vastus Medialis (VM) (p = 0.004), Vastus Lateralis (p = 0.023), and Peroneus Longus (p = 0.002), as well as lower Medial Gastrocnemius pennation angle (p = 0.049) and higher Fat thickness (FT) in RF (p = 0.033) and VM (p = 0.037) compared to the control group. The OA group showed thinner femoral cartilage thickness (p = 0.001) and higher pain severity (p = 0.001) than the control groups. FPI scores were higher (p = 0.001) in OA group compared to the control group. The plantar pressure distribution results indicated an increase in total surface (p = 0.027), total load (p = 0.002), medial load (p = 0.005), and lateral load (p = 0.002) on dominant side in OA group compared to the control group.ConclusionsKnee and ankle muscle architecture, knee extensor muscle FT, and plantar pressure distribution in the dominant foot differed in individuals with knee OA compared to the control group
İleriye ve geriye yürüme egzersizinin fiziksel ve bilişsel fonksiyonlara akut etkisi = Acute effect of forward and backward walking exercise on physical and cognitive functions
No full textBu çalışma, ileriye doğru ve geriye doğru yürümenin statik ve dinamik denge gibi fiziksel ve dikkat, konsantrasyon, hafıza, işleme hızı, görsel yapılandırma becerileri, hesaplama ve yönelim gibi bilişsel fonksiyonlara akut etkisinin araştırmak için planlanan bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya sağlıklı 50 birey randomize olarak üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Gruplar Geriye Yürüme Egzersiz Grubu (GYE)(n=17), İleriye Yürüme Egzersiz Grubu (İYE)(n=16) ve Kontrol Grubu (KG)(n=17) olarak ayrılmıştır. Her üç gruba tedavi öncesinde; sosyodemografik ve klinik verileri sosyodemografik bilgi formu ile, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi Kısa Formu ile, ağrının şiddetini Görsel Analog Skala (VAS) ile, yorgunluk düzeyleri Borg Skalası ile, kişinin seçici dikkat kapasitesi ve becerileri, işlem hızı ve genel yürütücü işlem yeteneklerini değerlendirmek için Stroop Test TBAG Formu ile, çalışma belleği, karmaşık dikkat, planlama ve set değiştirme gibi yönetici işlevleri İz Sürme Testi ile, Dinamik dengenin, nöromusküler kontrolün ve hareket asimetrilerinin değerlendirmesi Y- Denge Testi ile, Statik denge, postüral stabilite değerlendirmesi Tek Ayak Üzerinde Durma Testi ile değerlendirildi. GYE grubu 25 dakikalık geriye yürüme egzersiz seansı, İYE grubu 25 dakikalık ileriye yürüme egzersiz seansı, kontrol grubu ise değerlendirme testleri arasında 30 dakikalık oturarak dinlenmeyi tamamladı. Yapılan egzersizler sonrası dikkat, işleme hızı, konsantrasyon ve dikkatin sürdürülmesi, çalışma belleği, planlama, statik ve dinamik denge gibi parametrelerde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunurken gruplar arası karşılaştırmada ise statik denge de postüral kontrolde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Geriye yürüme grubundaki bireylerde yürüme sonrasında bazı parametrelerde daha iyi gelişmeler gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ancak bu sonuçlar ileride yapılacak çalışmalar ile desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.This study is planned to investigate the acute effects of forward and backward walking on physical functions such as static and dynamic balance and cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, memory, processing speed, visual structuring skills, calculation and orientation. 50 healthy individuals were randomly divided into three groups for the study. The groups were divided into Backward Walking Exercise Group (GYE) (n=17), Forward Walking Exercise Group (FWE) (n=16) and Control Group (CG)(n=17). Before treatment for all three groups; sociodemographic and clinical data with the sociodemographic information form, physical activity levels with the International Physical Activity Survey Short Form, pain severity with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), fatigue levels with the Borg Scale, the person's selective attention capacity and skills, processing speed and general executive processing abilities. Stroop Test with TBAG Form to evaluate executive functions such as working memory, complex attention, planning and set shifting, with Trail Making Test, evaluation of dynamic balance, neuromuscular control and movement asymmetries with Y-Balance Test, static balance, postural stability evaluation on One Leg It was evaluated with the Standing Test. The GYE group completed a 25-minute backward walking exercise session, the FWE group completed a 25-minute forward walking exercise session, and the control group completed a 30-minute sitting rest between evaluation tests. After the exercises, there were significant differences in parameters such as attention, processing speed, concentration and maintenance of attention, working memory, planning, static and dynamic balance, and in the comparison between groups, significant differences were found in static balance and postural control (p<0.05). It was observed that individuals in the backward walking group showed better improvements in some parameters after walking. However, these results need to be supported by future studies
The effect of lavender and bergamot oil applied via inhalation on the anxiety level and sleep quality of surgical intensive care unit patients
No full textObjective: Due to numerous stressors in intensive care, common psychosocial problems arise in patients. Among these, decreased anxiety and sleep quality are observed. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender and bergamot oil applied by inhalation on anxiety and sleep quality in surgical intensive care unit patients. Methods: Fifty-four patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of a hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups (Lavender, Bergamot, Control). Intervention groups were exposed to 3 drops of lavender oil or bergamot oil on pillows for 20 min, which were then placed 10 cm away from the patient's head. This intervention was applied for two nights. The patients' sleep quality and anxiety level were evaluated using the "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)" and "Richard-Campbell Sleep Scale (RCSS)." Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA tests. Results: According to our results, anxiety scores significantly decreased in the lavender and bergamot groups. Sleep quality scores significantly increased (p = <0.001). The control group showed lower sleep quality scores. Conclusion: Lavender and bergamot oil inhalation appeared effective in reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality in surgical intensive care unit patients
Novel electrochemical biosensor for Escherichia coli using gold-coated tungsten wires and antibody functionalized short multiwalled carbon nanotubes
No full textRapid and easy detection of pathogens, especially bacteria, plays an important role in daily life in the face of increasing environmental pollution. Nanosensors focus on carbon nanotubes, which can bind various molecules to large surfaces and have high electron conductivity. They are widely used in the development of electrochemical biosensors. In this study, a new design of electrochemical biosensors is presented by integrating gold-coated tungsten wires (GC-TW) and acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a two-step coating process. GC-TWs are coated with acid-functionalized short MWCNTs. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show efficient immobilization of the electrodes. The performance for Escherichia coli (E. coli) K-12 is evaluated based upon the change in current following antibody-antigen interactions. Bioimpedance measurements are performed from 50 Hz to 10 MHz to achieve optimal coverage of impedance changes. The measurements show that the electrode has a detection limit of 0.8 CFU/mL. The response of the electrode saturates when the bacterial concentration is increased to 1.70 x 10(2) CFU/mL. The biosensor is capable of detecting E. coli between 0.8 and 1.70 x 10(2) CFU/mL. The data show that this MWCNT-based biosensor can be developed into a highly sensitive device for E. coli
Dysfunction of PTEN-Associated MicroRNA Regulation: Exploring Potential Pathological Links in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with T cell-mediated pathogenesis of pancreatic β-cell destruction, leading to insulin deficiency. MicroRNAs such as miR-223 and miR-106b, along with PTEN, have been reported to participate in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications. The current study has explored the expression of miR-223, miR-106b, and PTEN and their association with various clinical and biochemical parameters in subjects diagnosed with T1DM. Materials and Methods: Sixty T1DM patients (two groups as uncomplicated/ with microalbuminuria) and fifty healthy volunteers, age- and sex-matched, were enrolled in this study. The fasting venous blood samples were collected, and PTEN and miRNAs (miR-223 and miR-106b) levels were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. Results: The PTEN levels of patients with microalbuminuria were significantly lower than those of patients without microalbuminuria, while those of miR-223 and miR-106b were significantly increased in the T1DM group compared with the healthy control group (p < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that PTEN, miR-223, and miR-106b could be potential biomarkers for diagnosing T1DM with high specificity but with variable sensitivities. Also, PTEN and miR-223 were negatively correlated with r =-0.398 and p < 0.0001, indicating that they were interrelated in their role within the T1DM pathophysiology. Conclusions: In the current study, it has been shown that the circulating levels of PTEN, miR-223, and miR-106b are significantly changed in T1DM patients and may back their potential to be used as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of T1DM. Low PTEN protein expression was related to high miR-223 expression, indicating involvement of these miRNA in the regulation of PTEN. Further studies should be performed to clarify the exact mechanisms and possible clinical applications of these molecules
Comprehensive survey of artificial intelligence techniques and strategies for climate change mitigation
No full textWith the galloping progress of the changing climates all around the world, Machine Learning (ML) approaches have been prevalently studied in many types of research in this area. ML is a robust tool for acquiring perspectives from data. In this paper, we elaborate on climate change mitigation issues and ML approaches leveraged to solve these issues and aid in the improvement and function of sustainable energy systems. ML has been employed in multiple applications and many scopes of climate subjects such as ecosystems, agriculture, buildings and cities, industry, and transportation. So, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is applied to explore and evaluate findings from related research. In this paper, we propose a novel taxonomy of Deep Learning (DL) method applications for climate change mitigation, a comprehensive analysis that has not been conducted before. We evaluated these methods based on critical parameters such as accuracy, scalability, and interpretability and quantitatively compared their results. This analysis provides new insights into the effectiveness and reliability of DL methods in addressing climate change challenges. We classified climate change ML methods into six key customizable groups: ecosystems, industry, buildings and cities, transportation, agriculture, and hybrid applications. Afterward, state-of-the-art research on ML mechanisms and applications for climate change mitigation issues has been highlighted. In addition, many problems and issues related to ML implementation for climate change have been mapped, which are predicted to stimulate more researchers to manage the future disastrous effects of climate change. Based on the findings, most of the papers utilized Python as the most common simulation environment 38.5 % of the time. In addition, most of the methods were analyzed and evaluated in terms of some parameters, namely accuracy, latency, adaptability, and scalability, respectively. Lastly, classification is the most frequent ML task within climate change mitigation, accounting for 40 % of the total. Furthermore, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the most widely utilized approach for a variety of applications
Synthesis, cytotoxicities, structural properties and comparison of dihalogeno-substituted-thiosemicarbazone ligands and mixed-ligand Ni(II) complexes
Get PDFThree novel mixed-ligand Ni(ıı) complexes were synthesized from a 3,5-dihalogenosalicylaldehyde-S-methyl isothiosemicarbazone ligand (3,5-dichloro for Complex I, 3,5-dibromo for Complex II, and 3,5-diiodo for Complex III) and diethanolamine. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Solid-state structures of Complex I and Complex II were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Both the complexes were found to have a distorted square planar geometry, with coordination of azomethine nitrogen, phenolate oxygen, terminal amine of the thiosemicarbazone ligand and amine nitrogen of diethanolamine. The cytotoxic effects of the ligands and the complexes were evaluated against two different types of cancer cells (THP-1 human leukaemia monocytic cell line and MDA-MB-231 aggressive breast cancer cell line) and healthy cells (HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cell line) by using the MTT method. The findings demonstrated that the chloro-derivatives exhibited better efficacy compared to cisplatin in targeting the monocytic leukemia cell line while displaying reduced toxicity towards healthy cells
Comparative analysis of videofluoroscopy and pulse oximetry for aspiration identification in patients with dysphagia after stroke and non-dysphagics
No full textPurpose Dysphagia is a prevalent symptom observed in acute stroke. Several bedside screening tests are employed for the early detection of dysphagia. Pulse oximetry emerges as a practical and supportive method to augment the existing techniques utilized during bedside swallowing assessments. Desaturation levels, as measured by pulse oximetry, are acknowledged as indicative of aspiration by certain screening tests. However, the predictive capability of pulse oximetry in determining aspiration remains a subject of controversy. The objective of this study was to compare aspiration and oxygen desaturation levels by time and aspiration severity in dysphagic patients compared to healthy controls. It also aimed to evaluate the accuracy of pulse oximetry by comparing it with VFSS findings in detecting aspiration in both liquid (IDDSI-0) and semi-solid (IDDSI-4) consistencies.Materials and methods Eighty subjects (40 healthy and 40 acute stroke patients) participated. Patients suspected of dysphagia underwent videofluoroscopy as part of the stroke unit's routine procedure. Baseline SpO2 was measured before VFSS, and stabilized values were recorded. Sequential IDDSI-0 and IDDSI-4 barium tests were conducted with 5 ml boluses. Stabilized SPO2 values were recorded during swallowing and 3-min post-feeding. Patients with non-dysphagia received equal bolus monitoring. Changes in SPO2 during, before, and after swallowing were analyzed for each consistency in both groups.Results The study revealed a statistically significant difference in SPO2 between patients with dysphagia and controls for IDDSI-4 and IDSSI-0. In IDDSI-4, 20% of patients experienced SpO2 decrease compared to 2.5% in control group (p = 0.013). For IDDSI-0, 35% of patients showed SpO2 decrease, while none in the control group did (p = 0.0001). Aspiration rates were 2.5% in IDDSI-4 and 57.5% in IDDSI-0. In IDDSI-0, SpO2 decrease significantly correlated with aspiration (p = 0.0001). In IDDSI-4, 20.5% had SpO2 decrease without aspiration, and showing no significant difference (p = 0.613). Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores had no significant association with SpO2 decrease (p = 0.602). Pulse oximetry in IDDSI-4 had limited sensitivity (0%) and positive predictive value, (0%) while in IDDSI-0, it demonstrated acceptable sensitivity (60.9%) and specificity (100%) with good discrimination capability (AUC = 0.83).Conclusions A decrease in SPO2 may indicate potential aspiration but is insufficient alone for detection. This study proposes pulse oximetry as a valuable complementary tool in assessing dysphagia but emphasizes that aspiration cannot be reliably predicted based solely on SpO2 decrease
Prekonsepsiyonel dönemde Akdeniz tipi diyete uyumun ve kafein tüketiminin değerlendirilmesi / Compliance with the mediterranean-type diet during the preconceptional period and evaluation of caffeine consumption
No full textPrekonsepsiyonel dönem, bir kadının gebelik öncesi sağlık ve yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarının gelecekteki gebelik ve bebek sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini kapsayan kritik bir süreçtir. Bu dönemde annenin sağlığını optimize etmek, doğacak bebeğin de sağlıklı bir başlangıç yapmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırma ile prekonsepsiyonel dönemde Akdeniz diyetine uyumun ve kafein tüketiminin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kasım 2023 – Ocak 2024 tarihleri arasında bir sağlık kurumunun kadın doğum polikliniğine başvuran 18-49 yaş arasındaki prekonsepsiyonel dönemde olan kadınlar ile yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile yapılan bu çalışmaya 327 kişi katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan hastaların demografik özellikleri "Genel Bilgiler Formu" ile, Prekonsepsiyonel Bilgi ve Tutum Ölçeği, 14 Maddeli Akdeniz Diyeti Uyum Ölçeği, Kafein Kullanım Bozukluğu Ölçeği araştırmacı tarafından katılımcılar ile soru cevap yapılarak kaydedilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan prekonsepsiyonel dönemdeki kadınların boy uzunluğu ortalaması 163.6±5.75 cm, ağırlık ortalaması 64.7±14.48 kg, doğum sayısı ortalaması 0.62±1.03 adet, düşük sayısı ortalaması 0.13±0.52 adet ve BKİ ortalaması 24.18±5.36 kg/m2 olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların 138'i (%42.2) evli ve 189'u (%57.8) bekardır. Evlilerin Akdeniz diyeti puan ortalaması bekarlardan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde yüksekken; bekarların ise kafein tüketimi puan ortalamasının evlilerden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların 61'i (%18.7) düzenli egzersiz yaparken 266'sı (%81.3) egzersiz yapmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, prekonsepsiyonel dönemdeki kadınların büyük bir çoğunluğunun yeterli düzeyde beslenme bilgisine sahip olmadığı ve çoğunluğunun Akdeniz diyetine uyumunun düşük seviyede olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Prekonsepsiyonel dönemdeki kadınların beslenme bilgi seviyelerinin arttırılması ve beslenme tedavisinin önemi konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi, toplum sağlığı açısından önemlidir.The preconceptional period is a critical process that covers the effects of a woman's pre-pregnancy health and lifestyle habits on future pregnancy and infant health. Optimizing the health of the mother during this period also contributes to the healthy start of the baby to be born. With this research, it was aimed to evaluate compliance with the Mediterranean diet and caffeine consumption during the preconceptional period. November 2023 – January 2024 327 people participated in this study conducted by face-to-face survey method with women who are in the preconceptional period between the ages of 18-49 who applied to the obstetric clinic of a health institution. The demographic characteristics of the patients participating in the study were recorded using the "General Information Form", the Preconceptional Knowledge and Attitude Scale, the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Compliance Scale, the Caffeine Use Disorder Scale by the researcher by making questions and answers with the participants. The average height length of the women in the preconceptional period participating in the study was 163.6±5.75 cm, the average weight was 64.7±14.48 kg, the average number of births was 0.62±1.03 pieces, the average number of miscarriages was 0.13±0.52 pieces and the average BMI was 24.18±5.36 kg/m2. 138 of the participants (42.2%) are married and 189 (57.8%) are single. While the average Mediterranean diet score of married people was statistically significantly higher than singles, it was found that the average caffeine consumption score of singles was statistically significantly higher than married people. While 61 (18.7%) of the participants exercised regularly, 266 (81.3%) did not exercise. In this study, it was concluded that the vast majority of women in the preconceptional period do not have an adequate level of nutritional knowledge and the majority of them have a low level of compliance with the Mediterranean diet. Increasing the nutritional knowledge levels of women in the preconceptional period and raising awareness about the importance of nutritional treatment is important for public health