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The Relationship between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratios with Nutritional Status, Risk of Nutritional Indices, Prognostic Nutritional Indices and Morbidity in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Get PDFBackground: In recent years, whole blood parameters and derivatives have been used as prognostic criteria in the course of various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parameters such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, nutritional risk index (NRI) and immunonutrition status and disease activity in patients with ischemic stroke of the small-vessel, large-vessel and other etiologies. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the records of 1454 consecutive ischemic stroke patients hospitalized in the emergency department of Gaziosmanpasa Education and Research Hospital from 2019 to 2023. Results: Of the 1350 patients with ischemic stroke included in the study, 58.8% had small-vessel disease, 29.3% had large-vessel disease and 11.9% had other etiologies. There was a significant difference between the three etiology groups for PNI and CONUT. The mean of PNI was 47.30 +/- 8.06 in the other etiology group, 37.25 +/- 7.23 in the small-vessel group, and 34.78 +/- 8.16 in the large-vessel disease group. The mean of CONUT was 5.49 +/- 1.20 in the small-vessel group, 5.12 +/- 1.46 in the large-vessel group and 4.22 +/- 1.11 in the other etiology group. In addition, CONUT and PNI were also found to be independent risk factors for mortality. A negative significant correlation was observed between PNI and NLR (r: -0.692), SII (r: -0.591), and CONUT (r: -0.511). Significant correlations were observed between CONUT and NLR (r: 0.402), SII (r: 0.312). Conclusions: PNI, CONUT and NRI were found as more accurate prognostic indicators of nutritional status in patients with ischemic stroke. NLR and SII may be important predictive markers in the course and prognosis of stroke
Oxytocin protects the brain from radiation-induced neurotoxicity, a result shown in MR spectroscopy
No full textMeeting Abstract: 275
Everything you wanted to know about ChatGPT: Components, capabilities, applications, and opportunities
No full textConversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing have advanced significantly with the creation of a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) by OpenAI. ChatGPT uses deep learning techniques like transformer architecture and self-attention mechanisms to replicate human speech and provide coherent and appropriate replies to the situation. The model mainly depends on the patterns discovered in the training data, which might result in incorrect or illogical conclusions. In the context of open-domain chats, we investigate the components, capabilities constraints, and potential applications of ChatGPT along with future opportunities. We begin by describing the components of ChatGPT followed by a definition of chatbots. We present a new taxonomy to classify them. Our taxonomy includes rule-based chatbots, retrieval-based chatbots, generative chatbots, and hybrid chatbots. Next, we describe the capabilities and constraints of ChatGPT. Finally, we present potential applications of ChatGPT and future research opportunities. The results showed that ChatGPT, a transformer-based chatbot model, utilizes encoders to produce coherent responses
Comparison of micro- and macro- structural narrative features between Turkish-Kurdish bilinguals and Turkish monolinguals
No full textBilingualism may lead to differences in narrative micro- and macrostructural features. Creating a normative data set on the narrative characteristics of healthy Turkish-Kurdish bilinguals may allow for a more effective assessment of language disorders that may occur in bilinguals with acquired brain injury. This study aims to determine how narrative micro- and macrostructural features differ in Turkish-Kurdish bilinguals in single picture and story narratives. A total of 23 bilingual (Turkish-Kurdish) and 23 monolingual (Turkish) healthy individuals were included in the study. Narrative samples were obtained using single pictures and a story. Micro- and macrostructural features were compared between bilinguals and monolinguals matched for age, education, and gender. Mean length utterance-morpheme and clausal density variables, considered as indicators of grammatical complexity, were higher in monolinguals in both single picture and story narratives. Morphemic errors were higher for bilinguals. Effort behaviors, which can interrupt verbal efficiency, were higher in bilinguals in single picture narratives. While there was no difference between the groups in verbal fluency (phonemic and categorical), the lexical diversty in storytelling was higher in monolinguals. In terms of macrostructural features, cognitive inferences in the story context and emotional discourse in the single picture context were higher in monolinguals, while enrichment expressions in the single picture narrative were higher in bilinguals. In both groups, macrostructural features such as cognitive inferences and expressions of uncertainty in discourse were negatively correlated with grammatical complexity variables. Turkish-Kurdish bilinguals' single picture and story narratives in Turkish may show semantic, morphosyntactic and pragmatic differences compared to Turkish-speaking monolinguals
Botnets Unveiled: A Comprehensive Survey on Evolving Threats and Defense Strategies
No full textBotnets have emerged as a significant internet security threat, comprising networks of compromised computers under the control of command and control (C&C) servers. These malevolent entities enable a range of malicious activities, from denial of service (DoS) attacks to spam distribution and phishing. Each bot operates as a malicious binary code on vulnerable hosts, granting remote control to attackers who can harness the combined processing power of these compromised hosts for synchronized, highly destructive attacks while maintaining anonymity. This survey explores botnets and their evolution, covering aspects such as their life cycles, C&C models, botnet communication protocols, detection methods, the unique environments botnets operate in, and strategies to evade detection tools. It analyzes research challenges and future directions related to botnets, with a particular focus on evasion and detection techniques, including methods like encryption and the use of covert channels for detection and the reinforcement of botnets. By reviewing existing research, the survey provides a comprehensive overview of botnets, from their origins to their evolving tactics, and evaluates how botnets evade detection and how to counteract their activities. Its primary goal is to inform the research community about the changing landscape of botnets and the challenges in combating these threats, offering guidance on addressing security concerns effectively through the highlighting of evasion and detection methods. The survey concludes by presenting future research directions, including using encryption and covert channels for detection and strategies to strengthen botnets. This aims to guide researchers in developing more robust security measures to combat botnets effectively.
Exploring botnets: evolution, tactics, countermeasures. This survey dives into botnets, covering life cycles, communication, and evasion tactics. It highlights challenges and future strategies for combating cyber threats. imag
The effect of incentive spirometry in addition to comprehensive chest physiotherapy on length of hospital stay and hemodynamic responses in patients with COPD exacerbation
No full textIncentive spirometry (IS) is a simple, well-accepted modality and widely used peri-postoperative period for prevention or management of complications via maintaining maximum inhalation and open collapsed alveoli and resolve atelectasis. Our aim in the current study is to determine if using IS in addition to comprehensive chest physiotherapy results in a reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS) and investigate the safety of IS usage among patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). One-hundred thirty inpatients with AECOPD who received medical treatment were randomized to the comprehensive chest physiotherapy group and the comprehensive chest physiotherapy additional IS group. Length of stay, pre-, and post-session hemodynamic responses were recorded. LOS was significantly lower in the PT+IS group than PT group (p=0.026). The statistically significant interactions were determined in RR and SpO2 parameters between the groups (p<0.001). Other hemodynamic responses were shown similar differences between the groups. Using IS addition to comprehensive PT in AECOPD patients during hospitalization reduced hospital LOS by approximately one day compared to PT alone. Additionally, it was found safe and tolerable as well as the comprehensive PT program in AECOPD patients during the hospital stay
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sağlıklı Beslenme Tutumu, Rastgele Alınan Kan Şekeri ve Antropometrik Ölçümler Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi
No full textAmaç: Bu araştırmada üniversitede eğitim alan öğrencilerin sağlıklı beslenmeyle ilgili tutumlarının kan şekeri ve antropometrik ölçümler ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak tasarlanan araştırma Mayıs-Eylül 2023 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bir üniversitede öğrenim gören 351 üniversite öğrencisi ile
yapılmıştır. Araştırmada katılımcılara genel bilgilerini içeren bir anket formu ve Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (SBİTÖ) uygulanmış, antropometrik ölçümler
yapılmış ve parmaktan alınan kan ölçümü ile rastgele alınan kan şekeri değerine bakılmıştır. Verilerin analizi IBM SPSS versiyon 25.0 paket programı ile yapılmıştır.
İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Beslenme ve Diyetetik bölümünde okuyan öğrencilerin SBİTÖ toplam puanı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklı bölümlerde okuyan öğrencilerden
daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Spor yapan öğrencilerin de SBİTÖ toplam puanı spor yapmayanlara göre daha yüksek ve rastgele alınan kan şekeri (mg/dl)
değerleri ise daha düşük olarak bulunmuştur (p<0,05). SBİTÖ alt ölçeklerinden “Beslenme Hakkında Bilgi” puanı azaldıkça ve “Kötü Beslenme” puanı arttıkça rastgele
alınan kan şekeri (mg/dl) değerinin de arttığı saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Ağırlık (kg), bel çevresi (cm), bel/boy oranı (cm) ve BKİ (kg/m²) arttıkça rastgele alınan kan şekeri
(mg/dl) değerinin de arttığı saptanmıştır (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin olumlu tutumlarının artması ile ağırlık, BKİ, bel çevresi ve bel/boy oranı gibi antropometrik ölçümlerinin ve
rastgele alınan kan şekeri (mg/dl) değerinin daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sebeple üniversiteli gençlere sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarının kazandırılması birçok
kronik hastalığın gelişmesine zemin hazırlayan obezitenin önlenmesi konusunda yarar sağlayacaktır.Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between university students’ attitudes towards healthy nutrition and blood sugar and anthropometric measurements.
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional research was conducted with 351 university students studying at a university in Istanbul between May and September
2023. In the research, a survey form containing general information and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) were applied to the participants, anthropometric measurements were made, and random fasting blood glucose values were measured with blood taken from the finger. Data analysis was done with IBM SPSS
version 25.0 package program. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05.
Results: It was found that the ASHN total score of students studying in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics was statistically significantly higher than students
studying in different departments (p <0.05). The ASHN total score of students who do sports was found to be higher and their random fasting blood glucose (mg/
dl) values were lower than those who did not do sports (p<0.05). It was determined that as the “Knowledge About Nutrition” score decreased and the “Poor Nutrition”
score increased, the random fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) value increased (p<0.05). It was found that as weight (kg), waist circumference (cm), waist/height ratio
(cm) and BMI (kg/m²) increased, the random fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) value also increased (p<0.05).
Conclusion: As a result, university students’ positive attitudes and behaviors regarding healthy nutrition provide benefits in terms of lower weight, BMI, waist
circumference and waist/height ratio values and random fasting blood glucose value from anthropometric measurements
Postpartum kadınların pelvik taban sağlığı bilgisi ve farkındalığının disparoniye etkisi = The effect of pelvic floor health knowledge and awareness of postpartum women on dyspareunia
No full textBu çalışma, Türk toplumunda postpartum dönemdeki kadınların disparoni ve pelvik taban ile ilgili algı, farkındalık ve bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, pelvik taban sağlığı bilgi düzeyinin seksüel ağrı problemlerinden olan disparoni, pelvik taban disfonksiyonları ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisinin araştırılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmadaki katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 27,91±3,43' tür. Çalışmamıza son 1 yıl içinde vajinal doğum yapmış primipar 298 kadın gönüllü dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik bilgileri Sosyodemografik Bilgiler Formuyla elde edilmiştir. Pelvik taban disfonksiyonu Global Pelvik Taban Rahatsızlık Anketi (GPTRA) ile, disparoni varlığı Carol Postpartum Cinsel Fonksiyonlar ve Disparoni ölçeğiyle, genel yaşam kalitesi ise Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NSP) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların pelvik taban sağlığı bilgi düzeyi Pelvik Taban Sağlığı Bilgi Testi (PTSBT) ve Prolapsus ve İnkontinans Bilgi Anketi (PİBA/Üİ ve PİBA/POP) ile ölçülmüştür. Değerlendirmeler online, yüz yüze ve hibrit olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların PTSBT total puanı 18±5,56 (X±S.S), Fonksiyon/Disfonksiyon alt arametresi puanı 3,97±1,93 (X±S.S), Risk/Etiyoloji alt parametresi puanı 8,23±3,17 (X±S.S), Tanı/Tedavi alt parametresi puanı 5,96±2,02 (X±S.S), PİBA/Üİ puanı 9,87±1,87 (X±S.S) ve PİBA/POP puanı 7,04±2,24 (X±S.S)' tür. Postpartum kadınlarda pelvik taban sağlığı bilgi düzeyi ve farkındalığının yüksek olması disparoni ve cinsel disfonksiyonların azalması ile ilişkilidir (p<0,05). Epizyotomi yapılan kadınlarda disparoni oranı daha yüksektir (p<0,05). Pelvik taban farkındalığı ve bilgi düzeyinin artışı ile pelvik taban disfonksiyonlarının azalması ilişkilidir (p<0,05). Pelvik taban sağlığı bilgi düzeyi ve farkındalığı arttıkça postpartum kadınların yaşam kalitesi artar (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak pelvik taban bilgi düzeyi ve farkındalığı disparoniyi ve cinsel fonksiyonları, pelvik taban disfonksiyonlarını ve yaşam kalitesini etkilemektedir. Anahtar kelimeler; Pelvik taban bilgi düzeyi, disparoni, pelvik taban disfonksiyonları, yaşam kalitesiThis study aims to determine the perception, awareness, and knowledge levels of postpartum women in Turkish society about dyspareunia and pelvic floor, and to investigate the relationship of pelvic floor health knowledge level with dyspareunia, pelvic floor dysfunctions and quality of life, which are sexual pain problems. The mean age of the participants in the study was 27.91±3.43 years. 298 primiparous women who had vaginal delivery in the last year were included in our study. Demographic information of the participants was obtained with the Sociodemographic Information Form. Pelvic floor dysfunction was evaluated with the Global Pelvic Floor Disorder Questionnaire (GPTRA), presence of dyspareunia was evaluated with the Carol Postpartum Sexual Functions and Dyspareunia scale, and general quality of life was evaluated with the Nottingham Health Profile (NSP). The participants' pelvic floor health knowledge level was measured by Pelvic Floor Health Knowledge Test (PTSBT) and Prolapse and Incontinence Information Survey (PIBA/UI and PIBA/POP). Evaluations were conducted online, face-to-face and hybrid. PFHKQ total score 18.18±5.56 (X±SD), Function/Dysfunction score 3,97±1,93 (X±SD), Risk/Etyoloji score 8,23±3,17 (X±SD), Diagnosis/Treatment score 5,96±2,02 (X±SD) PIQ/UI score 9,87±1,87 (X±SD), PIQ/POP score 7,04±2,24 (X±SD). High pelvic floor health knowledge and awareness in postpartum women is associated with decreased dyspareunia and sexual dysfunctions (p<0.05). The rate of dyspareunia is higher in women who underwent episiotomy (p<0.05). Increased pelvic floor awareness and knowledge level are associated with decreased pelvic floor dysfunctions (p<0.05). As the level of pelvic floor health knowledge and awareness increases, the quality of life of postpartum women increases (p<0.05). In conclusion, pelvic floor knowledge and awareness affect dyspareunia and sexual functions, pelvic floor dysfunctions, and quality of life. Keywords; pelvic floor knowledge and awareness affect dyspareunia and sexual functions, pelvic floor dysfunctions and quality of life