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Metabolically Healthy Obesity
Get PDFObesity is a disease whose incidence is increasing day by day and is accepted as the pandemic of the 21st century. In addition to genetic factors that
cause obesity, the main causes are a diet containing high-energy foods, rich in saturated fat and simple sugar, and a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity does
not only affect the individual physically, but also brings along many metabolic problems. However, metabolic health problems may not be seen in every
obese individual. Although there are many factors underlying this concept, which is defined as “metabolically healthy obesity”, not all of them have been
fully elucidated. Although the lack of general diagnostic criteria prevents definitive information on the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity, it is
known that individuals with this phenotype are more advantageous in terms of cardiometabolic risk. Metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities should be
considered to reduce the risk of early death, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer in all individuals with obesity. Researches in this article
should enlighten determinants and modifiable risk factors for better prevention of metabolic healthy obese to metabolic unhealthy obese conversions and
manifestations.Obezite, gün geçtikçe insidansı artan ve 21. yüzyılın pandemisi olarak kabul edilen bir hastalıktır. Obeziteye neden olan genetik faktörlerin yanı sıra esas
nedenler yüksek enerjili besinleri içeren, doymuş yağ ve basit şekerden zengin beslenme tipi ve hareketsiz yaşam tarzıdır. Obezite, bireyi sadece fiziksel
olarak etkilemez, birçok metabolik sorunu beraberinde getirir. Ancak, her obez bireyde metabolik sağlık sorunları görülmeyebilir. “Metabolik olarak sağlıklı
obezite” olarak tanımlanan bu kavramın altında birçok faktör yatmakla birlikte hepsi tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Genel geçer tanı kriterlerinin olmaması,
metabolik olarak sağlıklı obezite prevalansı hakkında kesin bilgiye ulaşılmasını engellese de bu fenotipe sahip bireylerin kardiyometabolik risk açısından
daha avantajlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Obezitesi olan tüm bireylerde erken ölüm, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, tip 2 diyabet ve kanser riskini azaltmak için
metabolik ve kardiyovasküler anormallikler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu makalenin ele aldığı araştırmalar, metabolik sağlıklı obezlerden metabolik
sağlıksız obezlere dönüşüm ve tezahürlerin daha iyi önlenmesi için belirleyicileri ve değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerini aydınlatmalıdır
Effect of thymoquinone on transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels in rats with liver ischemia reperfusion model in rats
No full textObjective(s): We aimed to investigate the levels of transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)
gene expression, and the antioxidant and histopathologic effect of thymoquinone (Tmq) in the
hepatic I/R rat model.
Materials and Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Group 1: Control; Group 2:
Sham; Group 3: Hepatic I/R (45 min/45 min); Group 4: Tmq (50 mg/kg); Group 5: Tmq+I/R (ten days
before I/R at the dose of 50 mg/kg of Tmq). The hepatic I/R (45min/45min) model was performed at
the portal vein and the hepatic artery with atraumatic vascular clamp in the ischemia groups. The liver
tissues and blood samples that were taken at the end of the study were evaluated for histopathologic
and biochemical analysis. Besides TRPM gene expression levels were determined in liver tissues. It
was seen that cellular swelling, congestion, PNL, and apoptosis parameters statistically decreased in
Tmq and Tmq+I/R groups in comparison with the I/R group in histopathological evaluation.
Results: It was observed that biochemical parameters, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, creatinine, and urea
levels significantly increased in the I/R group as compared with, sham, Tmq, and Tmq+I/R groups. It
was found that TRPM2,6,7,8 gene expression decreased significantly in Tmq+I/R groups as compared
to the I/R group.
Conclusion: We showed that thymoquinone can inhibit the entry of Ca+2 into the cell by decreasing
TRPM2,6,7,8 gene expression. Based on our findings, we think that Tmq application in the treatment
of liver diseases due to I/R damage may be important in terms of both ischemia and apoptosis and
can also be used in the treatment of liver-related diseases
Quantitative or qualitative biomolecular changes in blood serum composition induced by childhood obesity: A Fourier transform infrared examination
Get PDFChildhood obesity (CO) negatively affects one in three children and stands as the fourth most common risk factor of health and well-being. Clarifying the molecular and structural modifications that transpire during the development of obesity is crucial for understanding its progression and devising effective therapies. The study was indeed conducted as part of an ongoing CO treatment trial, where data were collected from children diagnosed with CO before the initiation of non-drug treatment interventions. Our primary aim was to analyze the biochemical changes associated with childhood obesity, specifically focusing on concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, insulin, and glucose. By comparing these parameters between the CO group (n = 60) and a control group of healthy children (n = 43), we sought to elucidate the metabolic differences present in individuals with CO. Our biochemical analyses unveiled lower LDL (low-density lipoproteins) levels and higher HDL (high-density lipoproteins), cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucose levels in CO individuals compared to controls. To scrutinize these changes in more detail, we employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on the serum samples. Our results indicated elevated levels of lipids and proteins in the serum of CO, compared to controls. Additionally, we noted structural changes in the vibrations of glucose, β-sheet, and lipids in CO group. The FTIR technique, coupled with principal component analysis (PCA), demonstrated a marked differentiation between CO and controls, particularly in the FTIR region corresponding to amide and lipids. The Pearson test revealed a stronger correlation between biochemical data and FTIR spectra than between 2nd derivative FTIR spectra. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular and structural changes occurring in CO
Microstructural analysis of verbal fluency performance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis based on the impact of disability level
No full textVerbal fluency (VF) evaluates language and cognitive abilities. This study compared VF in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls (HC), examining variables including correct responses (CR), mean cluster size (MCS), switches (S), and fluency difference score (FDS). RRMS participants were subgrouped by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), to explore the relationship between MS severity and VF. Twenty-four RRMS participants and matched HCs underwent Mini-Mental State Exam and VF Test. Statistical analysis compared VF between RRMS subgroups based on severity levels, and in HC. RRMS significantly impacted the CR, and S (CRSF p = 0.01, SSF p = 0.002; CRPF=0.002, SPF p = 0.002), while there was no significant difference in FDS between RRMS groups (p = 0.9). No significant relationship was found between EDSS scores, and VF subtests (CRSF p = 0.061, MCSSF p = 0.46, SSF p = 0.051, CRPF p = 0.521, MCSPF p = 0.966, SPF p = 0.599). In RRMS, our results demonstrate impairments in all VF parameters except the MCSSF+PF, and FDS. This study suggests that intact MCSSF+PF may reflect preserved verbal memory and word recall, while significant switching differences may indicate impaired cognitive flexibility. Similar FDS to those of HC suggest that no performance discrepancy in subtests in RRMS. Intact MCS might be a distinctive pattern in the early clinical stage of MS
The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on individuals with text neck syndrome: A randomized controlled study
No full textBackground: Text neck syndrome is an overuse condition that has become a global problem for all ages who use smartphones. Although therapeutic approaches are used to manage text neck syndrome, relatively little evidence exists on efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques on individuals with text neck syndrome. Methods: Thirty-eight participants with text neck syndrome were randomly allocated to either the experimental or control group. Both groups performed the program including cervical range of motion, strengthening, and posture correction exercises for 6 weeks, 3 days a week, once a day for 10 repetitions. In the experimental group were included in a PNF program 3 days a week for 6 weeks. In the program, contract-relax and replication techniques were used. Pain intensity, cervical range of motion, cervical muscles' endurance, posture, and disability were assessed. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: Pain intensity, neck muscle endurance tests, posture, and disability scores significantly improved in both groups (P < .05). The cervical range of motion values in all directions were significantly increased only in the experimental group (P < .05). The improvements in pain intensity, neck muscle endurance tests, posture, and disability scores were greater in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < .05). Conclusion: PNF could be used effectively to reduce neck pain and disability level and enhance cervical range of motion, cervical muscles' endurance, and posture in individuals with text neck syndrome
Obesity prevalence, nutritional status, and physical activity levels in Turkish adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFBackground Although nutritional status is influenced by multidimensional aspects encompassing physical factors, there is limited research on this complex relationship.Objectives This study aimed to examine the interaction between physical activity level indicators and the nutritional status of adults in T & uuml;rkiye.Methods A total of 3,970 individuals aged 18 years or older, residing in Afyonkarahisar (T & uuml;rkiye), participated in this study. Data were obtained through face-to-face interviews with a questionnaire, using simple random sampling among adults. One-day food consumption was recorded using a 24-h dietary recall (24HDR). Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Results This study comprised 3,970 participants: 2,087 (52.57%) men and 1,883 (47.42%) women. Among them, 32.64% smoked cigarettes, and 8.72% consumed alcohol. About 40% of adults were overweight, and 16.33% were obese. All participants had inadequate intake levels of potassium, calcium, and iron when compared to the recommended amounts. Physical activity levels showed a weak positive correlation with dietary energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and cholesterol, and a weak negative correlation with age, waist-to-hip ratio, and BMI of participants.Conclusion This study provides insights into the importance of addressing both physical activity and nutritional status. It was found that the weekly duration of physical activity for women was lower than for men. As a result of the nutritional status evaluation, it was found that the daily energy intake of men was higher than that of women
Quercetin/Polyethyleneimine Modified Gold Nanoconjugates Inhibit Apoptosis and ROS Production Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in DRG Sensory Neurons
No full textThe basis of most neurological syndromes is the accumulation of free radical molecules. Quercetin is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid molecule and it has a very strong antioxidant effect by maintaining oxidative balance. There are many difficulties in the clinical use of quercetin due to its hydrophobic structure, low solubility, instability, poor oral bioavailability, and limited tissue-barrier penetration. Its synergistic use in complex with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could overcome these problems. AuNPs have recently emerged as an attractive candidate for delivery applications of various biomolecules and drugs. The aim of this study was to synthesize two different sized gold nanoparticles (AuNP20 and AuNP50) modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and quercetin, evaluate their potential neuroprotective effects on the in vitro oxidative stress model using DRG primary sensory neurons. It was shown that the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic ability of the bioflavonoid was preserved after exposure to the designed quercetin modified AuNPs. The PEI surface coating increased the stability and biocompatibility of the AuNPs in both sizes. It also potentially enables additional surface functionalization. This study indicates that designed nanoparticles (AuNP-Q-PEI) with different sizes could be a useful potential platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative syndromes or cancer diseases. (c) 2024 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
The effect of health literacy on patient compliance in patients to whom prostate biopsies were recommended
Get PDFBackground Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) is the gold standard diagnostic method for prostate cancer. In people with low health literacy, accurate and early diagnosis rates decrease, making it difficult to maintain health and compliance with treatment. In our study, we investigated how health literacy and sociocultural parameters affected compliance and awareness in patients with suspected prostate cancer, for whom TRUS-Bx was planned. Methods In the study, 98 male patients aged 50-80 years, recommended for TRUS-Bx, were included in our study. The data including age, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, digital rectal examination findings, education leveland area of residence of the patients included in the study were recorded. Health Literacy Survey-Turkey- Questionnaire 47 and Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 forms were completed by the patients who agreed to participate in the study, and their scores were recorded. Patients scheduled for TRUS-Bx were divided into two groups: those who attended their appointments and underwent the biopsy, and those who did not attend their scheduled appointments. The effect of health literacy and other parameters on the TRUS-Bx requirement was examined between the two groups. Furthermore, 52 patients who underwent TRUS-Bx were divided into two groups as malignancy (malignant) detected and not-detected (benign) patients according to the pathology results, and the parameters were analyzed separately for these groups. Results The education level of the patients who underwent the TRUS-Bx procedure was found to be statistically higher (p = 0.026). Health Literacy Survey-Turkey- Questionnaire 47 and Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 scores were statistically significantly higher in the TRUS-Bx group (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, education level, Health Literacy Survey-Turkey- Questionnaire 47 and Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 were found to be important predictors for awareness of the requirement for TRUS-Bx. Conclusion The study's findings indicate that patients with higher health literacy and education levels were more likely to receive an early diagnosis and promptly proceed with the recommended TRUS-Bx after visiting a urologist
15th International EXERGY, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SYMPOSIUM (IEEES-15)
Get PDFThis study focuses on the recovery of industrial waste heat. In natural gas compression facilities, the
compression work required for the compressor is supplied by the electrical work generated from the
turbine, which operates using the combustion of natural gas. An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system
has been integrated to utilize waste heat. High-temperature ORC systems differ from conventional ORC
systems in both the electricity generated and the working fluid used. To utilize the waste heat at a
temperature of approximately 530°C, Cyclopentane has been selected as the working fluid in the ORC
system. This study presents a practical example of high-temperature waste heat recovery through a case
study
Evaluating the Oncological and Functional Outcomes in 167 Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Could Laparoscopy Still be a Viable Option in Suitable Patients?
No full textAbstract
Aim: To evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of 167 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).
Materials and Methods: The retrospective study included 167 patients who were treated with LRP due to clinically localized prostate cancer between January 2007 and April 2012. Most of the patients were treated with the extraperitoneal approach. Preoperative evaluations included age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and biopsy Gleason score. Perioperative evaluations included duration of operative time and anastomosis time, blood loss (milliliter), and complications. Postoperative evaluations included length of hospital stay and catheterization time. Continence and erectile function were evaluated both pre- and postoperatively. The patients who used no pads or no more than one pad daily and the ones who had only a few urine leakages on effort or exertion were accepted as continent. Postoperative potency was defined as the ability to achieve sexual intercourse with or without the use of PDE-5 inhibitors.
Results: Mean age and mean operative time were 62.4 ± 6.0 years and 220.5 ± 45.6 minutes, respectively. Mean anastomosis time was 35.6 ± 9.8 minutes. Mean serum PSA level and mean Gleason score were 17.5 ± 9.97 ng/mL and 6.16 ± 0.42, respectively. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 94 patients and nerve-sparing procedures in 61 patients. The pathological analysis revealed positive surgical margin in 35 patients (20.9%). Bilateral and unilateral nerve-sparing LRP procedures were performed in 51 (30.5%) and 10 (6%) patients, respectively. At 12 months after surgery, 3 (1.8%) patients were using 2 or more pads per day, 19 (26.4%) patients were satisfied with erection, hardness, and duration of intercourse, and 9 (12.5%) patients had an erection with insufficient hardness and duration.
Conclusion: LRP is an acceptable method in localized prostate cancer due to its perioperative and early postoperative results