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Pulsatilla in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A 12-Month Homeopathic Case Report
No full textAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 15–20% of children worldwide, characterized by itching, dryness, lichenification, and hyperpigmentation, often impacting quality of life and emotional well-being. Conventional treatments may provide temporary relief but can be associated with recurrence and adverse effects. Homeopathy offers an individualized approach addressing both physical and emotional aspects, aiming for long-term remission. This paper presents a case of an 11-year-old female with chronic AD since infancy. She exhibited dry, itchy, thickened, and pigmented lesions, accompanied by emotional sensitivity and low confidence. At Dr. Batra’s, she received constitutional homeopathic treatment with Pulsatilla supported by immune-modulating therapy and lifestyle guidance. Over a 12-month follow-up, the patient showed progressive improvement, with reduction in itching, healing of lesions, improved pigmentation, and enhanced emotional and social confidence.
This case highlights the efficacy of individualized homeopathic therapy at Dr. Batra’s in managing chronic pediatric AD, demonstrating that a holistic approach addressing both dermatological and psychological factors can lead to sustained improvement and improved quality of life
Real-Time Monitoring of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis: A Prospective Cohort Study
No full textBackground: Neonatal bacterial meningitis remains a critical cause of mortality and long-term neurological sequelae in newborns worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has complicated treatment protocols and increased mortality rates significantly.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of real-time monitoring systems for detecting MDR pathogens in neonates with bacterial meningitis and to assess clinical outcomes associated with early pathogen identification.
Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 428 neonates diagnosed with bacterial meningitis across eight tertiary care centers from January 2021 to December 2023. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were employed for rapid pathogen identification and resistance profiling.
Results: MDR pathogens were identified in 156 cases (36.4%). Real-time monitoring reduced time to appropriate antibiotic therapy from 72.4 hours to 18.6 hours (p<0.001). Mortality rates were significantly lower in the rapid-detection group (8.2% vs. 19.7%, p=0.002). Group B Streptococcus (28.3%), Escherichia coli (24.1%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.9%) were the predominant organisms.
Conclusion: Real-time monitoring of MDR pathogens significantly improves clinical outcomes in neonatal bacterial meningitis by enabling earlier targeted therapy. Implementation of rapid diagnostic protocols should be prioritized in neonatal intensive care settings
Homeopathic Management of Androgenic Alopecia and XOGEN Therapy: A Case Study
No full textAndrogenic alopecia is a common form of progressive hair loss affecting men and women worldwide. It typically presents as thinning on the vertex, frontal, and temporal regions, leading to psychosocial impact. Conventional treatments include minoxidil, finasteride, and hair transplantation, while homeopathy offers an individualized approach addressing constitutional and mental generals. This case study presents a 39-year-old male with five years of hair fall, severe in the last 1.5 years, with no scalp itching or dandruff. The patient received individualized homeopathic treatment supported by Xogen therapy and hair care at Dr. Batra’s Clinic. Over 12 months, hair fall reduced from 30–40 strands per day to complete cessation, with new hair growth observed. Diet, lifestyle, and ferritin levels were monitored to support hair health.
The case highlights the effectiveness of combining homeopathy with supportive regenerative therapy in controlling hair fall, promoting scalp health, and improving overall well-being
Frequency and Patterns of Eye Diseases in Outpatient Department in a Sub-Urban Clinic
Full text linkBackground: Eye diseases are a major cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. In Bangladesh, conditions such as refractive errors, cataracts, and dry eye syndrome contribute significantly to vision-related morbidity. Understanding the frequency and patterns of eye diseases in outpatient settings is crucial for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and the prevention of avoidable blindness.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and patterns of eye diseases among patients attending the outpatient department of Bashundhara Ad-din Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from January 2024 to December 2024.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 98 patients aged 2 years and older who presented with eye-related complaints. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, clinical examinations, and medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-26, and results were presented in text, tables, and charts.
Results: Refractive errors (61.2%) were the most prevalent eye condition among patients, followed by dry eye syndrome (24.5%) and cataracts (16.3%). The most commonly reported symptoms included blurred vision (71.4%), eye pain (49%), and watering/tearing (44.9%). In terms of management, medications (71.4%) were the primary treatment approach, followed by spectacle prescriptions (59.2%) and surgical interventions (20.4%). Notably, no cases of diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, corneal ulcer infections, or trauma-related injuries were observed in the study population.
Conclusion: The study highlights the high prevalence of refractive errors, dry eye syndrome, and cataracts among OPD patients. These findings emphasize the need for regular vision screening programs, early detection strategies, and improved access to corrective eyewear and treatment options. Strengthening public health initiatives and referral systems can help reduce the burden of preventable blindness and improve eye care services in sub-urban healthcare facilities
Assessment of Implant Stability in Direct and Indirect Sinus Lift Procedure - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Full text linkBackground and Objective : The sinus lift procedure, also known as maxillary sinus augmentation, aims to augment the bone volume in the maxillary sinus region, facilitating the placement of dental implants with adequate support and stability. The direct sinus lift procedure involves accessing the maxillary sinus through a lateral window approach, followed by elevation of the sinus membrane and placement of bone graft materials. The indirect sinus lift technique involves the use of osteotomes or hydraulic pressure devices to elevate the sinus floor, creating space for bone graft materials without the need for an extensive surgical window. The objective is to systematically review the existing scientific literature in providing a comprehensive, quantitative analysis on effectiveness between direct sinus lift and indirect sinus lift procedure for implant stability.
Methods: Review was adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 2020 and registered in PROSPERO – CRD42024530982. Electronic databases were searched for studies evaluating the effectiveness between direct sinus lift and indirect sinus lift procedure for implant stability and reporting outcomes in terms of overall mean increase in bone height and development of pain, gingival inflammation and swelling. Quality assessment of included studies was evaluated through Cochrane risk of bias (ROB)-2 tool. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR) was used as summary statistic measure with random effect model and p value <0.05 as statistically significant through Review manager (RevMan) version 5.3
Microbiome and Heart Disease – How gut bacteria influence hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure
Full text linkBackground: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of global mortality, with traditional risk factors incompletely explaining disease pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health through complex host-microbe interactions.
Objective: To comprehensively review the relationship between gut microbiome dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases, specifically examining mechanisms underlying hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases through September 2025. Studies investigating gut microbiome composition, function, and metabolites in cardiovascular diseases were included. Data extraction focused on microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, metabolic pathways, and clinical correlations.
Results: One hundred fifty-six studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 52 hypertension, 61 atherosclerosis, and 28 heart failure studies. Cardiovascular disease patients demonstrated significantly reduced microbial diversity (Shannon index: 3.21-3.76 vs 4.12 in controls, p<0.001) and elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios (3.14-4.23 vs 1.95, p<0.001). Beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia were consistently depleted, while potentially pathogenic taxa expanded. Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations were markedly elevated across all conditions (8.7-15.9 μM vs 3.2 μM in controls, p<0.001), with levels correlating with disease severity. Short-chain fatty acid production was significantly impaired, particularly butyrate synthesis (5.4-8.9 vs 12.3 mmol/kg, p<0.001). Microbial dysbiosis correlated strongly with inflammatory markers and disease-specific parameters including blood pressure, lipid profiles, and cardiac function indices.
 
Predictors of Clinical Outcomes In Surgically Treated Displaced Acetabular Fractures: A Single-Center Prospective Study
Full text linkBackground: Acetabular fractures represent challenging injuries requiring complex surgical interventions to restore joint congruity and function. This prospective study aims to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of surgically treated displaced acetabular fractures and identify factors that predict clinical results.
Methods: A prospective analysis of 118 patients with displaced acetabular fractures treated surgically at a single tertiary care center was conducted over an 18-month period. Patients were followed for 12 months postoperatively. Fractures were classified according to the Letournel and Judet system. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Modified Harris Hip Score, while radiological outcomes were evaluated using Matta\u27s reduction criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors associated with clinical outcomes.
Results: The mean age was 41.36 years, with males comprising 73.7% of patients. Road traffic accidents (53.4%) were the predominant injury mechanism. Associated both-column fractures (25.4%) were most common, followed by T-type fractures (24.6%). The Modified Stoppa approach was most frequently employed (54.2%). According to the Modified Harris Hip Score, 48.3% of patients achieved excellent results, 34.7% good, 11.9% fair, and 5.1% poor. Anatomical reduction (<1mm displacement) was achieved in 65.3% of cases. Marginal impaction (p=0.01), initial displacement magnitude (p=0.02), and quality of reduction (p=0.001) showed significant associations with functional outcomes. However, demographic factors, fracture patterns, and surgical approaches did not significantly influence results.
Conclusion: Surgical management of displaced acetabular fractures yields favorable outcomes in the majority of cases. The quality of reduction is the most critical determinant of functional recovery, emphasizing the importance of anatomical reduction as the primary surgical objective. Marginal impaction and initial displacement magnitude are additional important predictors of outcome. These findings highlight key factors that surgeons should consider when managing these complex injuries to optimize patient recovery
Clinico-Demographic and Radiological Profile of Bronchiolitis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Full text linkBackground: Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in infants below 2 years of age. It usually presents with breathing difficulty, cough, fever and runny nose. The treatment of bronchiolitis mainly supportive. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the clinico-demographic and radiological characteristics of bronchiolitis for its proper diagnosis and management. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study was done in the Department of Pediatrics, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute from July 2019 to June 2021. A total 100 patients between ages of 2-months to 1-year admitted with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis, were included in this study. Data were collected in the form of age, gender, clinical features, laboratory and radiological findings Results: most of the cases are less than 6 months and the majority patients were males (58%) and females were (42%). Cough, fast breathing and wheezing were present in most of the children. all patient had difficulty in breathing and chest indrawing. Cough was a presenting feature of 96% cases, fast breathing was in 89% cases. Wheezing was in (82%) cases. Predominant radiological findings are hyperinflation and hypertranslucency. Hypertranslucency was present in 97% cases whereas hyperinflation was present in 93% cases. Conclusion: We concluded that bronchiolitis patients present with typical clinical and radiological features which can help for its diagnosis and management
An Analysis of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Choledocholithiasis in Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh.
Full text linkBackground: Choledocholithiasis is a common biliary disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the common bile duct, leading to significant clinical complications and morbidity. This study aims to investigate the clinical profile, risk factors, and symptoms of patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh, with an emphasis on demographic patterns and associated comorbid conditions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bangladesh Medical University (BMU) between July 2024 and December 2024, involving 170 patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis. Data were collected through a detailed review of clinical records, which included demographic information, clinical features, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and symptoms. Patients were also assessed for risk factors such as diet, physical activity, and body composition.
Results: The study sample primarily consisted of patients aged 41-60 years (27.65%), with a female predominance (58.83%). Common risk factors included a non-vegetarian diet (57.64%), a sedentary lifestyle (56.47%), and obesity (48.23%). Comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus (38.82%) and hypertension (32.94%), were also prevalent in the patient population. The most frequently reported symptoms were pain (80%), jaundice (71.76%), and fever (52.94%). Clinical signs, such as tenderness in the right hypochondriac region (91.76%) and icterus (89.41%), were predominant.
Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with choledocholithiasis in Bangladesh. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to address lifestyle factors, manage comorbidities, and consider gender-based risk stratification in clinical practice. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of these factors on disease progression and patient outcomes
Comparing Outcomes of Lifestyle Modifications Versus Pharmacological Interventions on Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Individuals: A Cohort Analysis
Full text linkBackground: Metabolic syndrome in obese individuals presents a significant global health challenge, with ongoing debate regarding the optimal treatment approach. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications versus pharmacological interventions in managing metabolic syndrome among obese individuals over a 24-month period.
Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 490 obese adults (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) with metabolic syndrome across three tertiary care centers. Participants were allocated to either lifestyle modification (n=245) or pharmacological intervention (n=245) groups. The lifestyle modification group received structured dietary counseling, supervised exercise programs, and behavioral support, while the pharmacological group received standardized medication regimens including metformin, antihypertensives, and statins. Primary outcomes included changes in body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and metabolic parameters. Secondary outcomes encompassed treatment adherence, quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and adverse events.
Results: At 24 months, the lifestyle modification group demonstrated superior outcomes in weight reduction (-8.4 ± 4.2 kg vs. -6.1 ± 3.8 kg, p=0.008) and waist circumference reduction (-7.8 ± 3.9 cm vs. -5.4 ± 3.6 cm, p=0.006). The pharmacological intervention group showed greater improvements in blood pressure (systolic: -14.8 ± 8.9 vs. -12.3 ± 8.4 mmHg, p=0.042) and glycemic control (HbA1c: -0.7 ± 0.4% vs. -0.5 ± 0.3%, p=0.018). Treatment adherence was higher in the pharmacological group (83.2% vs. 68.9% at 24 months, p=0.002). The lifestyle modification group demonstrated better cost-effectiveness (ICER: 4,256 per QALY gained) but higher dropout rates. Adverse events were more frequent in the pharmacological group (32.4% vs. 18.7%, p<0.001) but were predominantly mild to moderate in severity.
Conclusions: Both interventions demonstrated distinct advantages in managing different aspects of metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle modifications showed superior outcomes in anthropometric measures and cost-effectiveness, while pharmacological interventions achieved better results in blood pressure control, glycemic parameters, and treatment adherence. These findings suggest that personalized treatment approaches, potentially combining elements of both strategies, may be optimal for managing metabolic syndrome in obese individuals