Medico Research Chronicles
Not a member yet
767 research outputs found
Sort by
CLIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH WAITING TIME IN HIV TREATMENT CENTRES: AN URBAN RURAL COMPARISON IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFBackground: Patient satisfaction is very important in healthcare because a satisfied patient will be more cooperative with the medical team. Management of a chronic disease like HIV also needs as much cooperation from clients as possible because the treatment is for life. Waiting time has been reported by several studies as a major determinant of satisfaction in health facilities.
Aim: This study determined and compared clients’ satisfaction with waiting time at urban and rural HIV treatment centers in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methods: This is a comparative descriptive study. Data were collected using quantitative methods. A semistructured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on satisfaction with waiting time from clients at the urban and rural HIV treatment centers in Anambra State Nigeria. Data were analyzed with the SPSS version 20 software and summarized using proportions and means, and were presented in tables for easy appreciation.
Results: A total of 1,100 respondents (550 each from the urban and rural HIV treatment centers) participated in this study. There were more females than males in both the urban 363(66.0%) and rural centers 355(64.5%).The commonest age group among the urban respondents was the age group 21-30 years, 170 (30.9%), the same age group was also the commonest among the rural respondents 240 (43.6%). The mean age of the urban respondents 37.09 (±10.00) was higher than the mean age of the rural respondents 34.99 (±10.71). A higher proportion of the respondents that were satisfied with waiting time were urban respondents 405(69.2%), compared with the 180(30.8%) rural respondents that were satisfied. (X2 = 184.839,p = 0.000).The urban respondents were four times more likely to be satisfied with waiting time compared with the rural respondents [OR: 4.139 (95% CI: 2.945-5.817)].
Conclusion: The clients in the urban HIV treatment centers were more satisfied with the waiting time than the clients in the rural HIV treatment centers. Appropriate interventions should be instituted to reduce the waiting time of clients in the rural centers
USE OF CRONBACH\u27S ALPHA IN DENTAL RESEARCH
Get PDFCronbach’s alpha is commonly used in statistics to measure reliability of tests. Reliability of any measuring instrument/questionnaire refers to the extent to which it measures consistently. Cronbach’s alpha is one of the way of measuring the strength of that consistency. This article is intended to highlight its use in dental research by creating an understanding of Cronbach’s alpha by giving suitable example
POST TOTAL HYSTERECTOMY OBESITY ON QOL
Get PDFIntroduction: Women undergoing major gynecological surgery, with pre surgical physical and mental agony associated and post operative obesity, musculoskeletal disorders fatigue and depression. This original research study aims at to evaluate the role of specific physical exercises on obesity and quality of life of a 38 years old female who has undergone a total hysterectomy.
Materials & Methodology: As this subject developed low back and knee pain with 6 kgs of weight gain she was treated with non-pharmacological means by specific physical exercises during the period from February 2017 to April 2017 with twice a week frequency.
Results: BMI, WC, and QOL were evaluated and analyzed with pre and post scores recorded with a reduction in obesity and improved quality of life as evidenced by (P<.01) statistical evidence.
Conclusion: An improved quality of life with a reduction in obesity was born in the women after gynecological surgery with conservative physical exercises was the key outcome of this research
FACIAL TRAUMA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF NEPAL
Get PDFAims: Traumatic facial soft tissue injuries are commonly encountered. Although rarely lifethreatening, the treatment of these injuries can be complex and may have significant impact on the patient\u27s facial function and aesthetics. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of the main causes of accidents among children resulting in craniomaxillofacial trauma and its management.
Methods: Data of 121 patients younger than 18 years of age who sustained facial injuries were recorded for cause of injury, age and gender distribution, frequency and type of injury, injury mechanisms, localization and frequency of soft tissue injuries, dentoalveolar trauma, facial bone fractures, and concomitant injuries.
Results: The boy to girl ratio was 2.18:1.The most common age group was 7-10 years followed by the age group of 4-6years.Seventy-five children (61.99%) mostly older children were injured playing outdoor while 46 patients (38. 02%) were injured in indoor activity. Forty-nine (40.50%) were injured during sport activities. Accidents involving furniture accounted in 31 children (25.62%). The injury due to fall or dropped from bed or height was seen in 15 children (12.4%). Road traffic accidents and physical assault were the cause of injuries to thirteen (10.75%) and 10 children (8.26%) respectively. Three injuries were due to dog bite. Most common injury was type I. Most of the injuries were simple and they were managed by the simple dressing.
Conclusions: Facial trauma is a relatively common occurrence in young children, with a preponderance of minor injuries. As age increases, the severity of injuries sustained increases
LONG ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CONTRACEPTIVE USERS IN AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2016. A COMMUNITY BASED CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Ethiopia is the second populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Total Fertility Rate of Ethiopia is 4.1 children per women with a contraceptive prevalence rate of 41.8%. The World Health Organization (WHO) advises using LARCs for all women whereas the contraceptive choices of Ethiopian women are slanted to short term methods.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with utilization of long acting reversible contraceptive methods among married women in Bati town of Amhara region.
Methods: A cross sectional community-based survey was conducted from September 9-20, 2016. A sample size of 381 family planning users residing in Bati town was selected randomly. Systematic sampling technique was applied by using structured questionnaire. Binary descriptive statistics and multiple variable regressions were done
Result: The overall LARC prevalence was 29%. Being knowledgeable (AOR = 6.9, 95% CI of (1.06, 45.26), having positive attitude (AOR=6.91; 95%: CI = 3.01, 15.88), having primary education (AOR= 0.40; 95% CI= 0.17, 0.93) and women who want to have 3-4 ideal number of children (AOR= 0.32; 95% CI=0.15, 0.69) mothers who had wrong beliefs towards IUCD (AOR =0.24 CI=0.12,0.50) were found to be predictors of LARC utilization.
Conclusion and recommendations: the overall utilization of LARC is very low. Educational status, the ideal number of children, knowledge, and attitude were the determinant factors for LARC use. Health promotion activities on the benefit of LARC need to be undertaken to increase awareness and usage of long acting contraceptives
THE IMPACT OF ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS IN CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES
Get PDFIn most developed countries, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population, especially among the elderly.1 People with Diabetes mellitus (DM) are on average at double the risk of CVD.2 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention includes all the actions intended to eliminate or reduce the impact of these disorders and their disabilities in the population or even targeted at individuals. The goal of this editorial is to review the pharmacological strategies aimed to control blood glucose that was proven to be useful in preventing death related to CVD or other important cardiovascular outcomes (i.e. myocardial infarction, stroke or renal impairment)
PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN: A NEW PARADIGM IN WOUND HEALING
Get PDFTo assess the potential use and benefits of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) over Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), for wound healing post oral and maxillofacial surgeries. This article describes the evolution of this second generation platelet concentrate and its multiple uses in various surgical procedures. Around 5 ml of whole venous blood is collected from the patients in each of the two sterile vacutainer tubes of 6 ml capacity without anticoagulant. The vacutainer tubes are then placed in a centrifugal machine at 3000 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 10 minutes, and the middle fraction containing the fibrin clot is then collected 2 mm below lower dividing line, to obtain the PRF. Cavities filled with PRF post oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, at the institute, showed faster healing in half the time as compared to physiologic healing. PRF, which belongs to a new second generation of platelet concentrates, with simplified processing, and not requiring biochemical blood handling, has several advantages over traditionally prepared PRP, which has been widely used for accelerating soft tissue and hard tissue healing. However, the preparation being strictly autologous, the amount of PRF obtained is limited
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF THE ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTED BY ADVERSE DRUG MONITORING CENTRE OF ANIIMS, PORT BLAIR
Get PDFCutaneous drug reactions are one of the commonest adverse events related to drug use, which lead to discontinuation of treatment as well as loss of follow-up, elevated treatment cost and a contributor to morbidity and mortality with the effect on the social interaction of the patient. Therefore this study was done with the aim to look into the pattern of ADR’s and also which are the common offending drugs as well as their causality, and severity.
Materials & Method: All adverse drug reactions (ADRs) forms from the different clinical department of ANIIMS, Port Blair were used for patient information from August 2015 to December 2016 forms with cutaneous drug reactions were analyzed only and assessed for causality, and severity.
Observations: Out of 336 adverse drug reaction forms, 240 (71.4%) were having ADR’s as cutaneous manifestations. In the present study, out of 240, 150(62.5%) patients were male and 90 (37.5%) were female patients. Skin rashes was the most common presenting ADR as 130 (54.1%) patients had skin rashes in the form of macules, papules or even depigmented rashes, followed by urticaria in 56(23.3%) patients,), Itching & Pruritus in 39(16.2%) patients followed miscellaneous ones in 15(6%) of the patients. Most common drug classes which caused these cutaneous manifestations included antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory, and steroidal agents. Naranjo’s scale was used as a tool to establish the causality. The observations showed that 220(91.6%) ADRs fall in the category of probable as per the scale, 12 (5.0%) were classified as possible; 5 (2.0%) as doubtful and 3 (1.25%) were surely related to the drug.
Conclusions: The present study shows cutaneous drug reactions are a common presentation amongst the reported ADR’s of ANIIMS, Portblair. Further, there is a need of intensive monitoring for ADRs in each and every setup as most of them are preventable. Also, it is the need of the hour to ensure the safety of the patient
EFFECTS OF FORMAL EDUCATION ON MALARIA KNOWLEDGE AMONG RESIDENTS OF A RURAL COMMUNITY IN ENUGU STATE, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
Get PDFMalaria is endemic in many developing countries where it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. An estimated 212 million cases of malaria occurred globally, resulting in 429,000 deaths; as against the 214 million cases recorded in 2014, that resulted in 438,000 deaths. It is still a major health challenge in Nigeria. It has been documented that formal education improves overall knowledge of malaria among the populace. The cardinal objective of this research is to assess the knowledge of residents of a rural community, on malaria with emphasis on causes, complications, prevention, and management of the disease. The study was conducted in Egede town, a rural community in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu state, Southeast Nigeria. The study was of observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design; and was carried out among rural residents who presented for a medical outreach activity in January 2015. The socio-demographic variables for the respondents showed that 53.0% had no formal education. On the knowledge of causes of malaria, the T - test of scores = 0.001; P value = 0.05, while the T - test of scores for knowledge of malaria complications = 0.0002; P value = 0.05. Ttest of scores for knowledge of malaria prevention = 0.002; P value = 0.05, and for the T - test of scores for the knowledge on management of malaria = 0.04; P value = 0.05. Respondents with formal education had significantly better knowledge than those without formal education
KNOWLEDGE OF CAUSES, AND ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS AMONG RESIDENTS OF A RURAL COMMUNITY IN ENUGU STATE, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
Get PDFHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infective organism that usually targets the immune system of the victims, making them more susceptible to a wide range of infections and certain types of cancers. It first came to global prominence in 1981 with rare diseases like Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP), and Kaposis Sarcoma reported among gay men in New York and California, United States of America. The major routes of transmission are sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and from mother-to-child. Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic with 3.4 million people living with the virus, and 3.1% adult HIV prevalence. The main objective of this study is to determine the level of knowledge of causes, and routes of transmission of HIV among residents of Egede, a rural community in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu state, Nigeria. Most of the respondents (54.3%) were above 60 years of age, female (69.9%), married (82.8%), had no formal education (52.7%), and farmers by occupation (69.9%). Total knowledge of respondents on causes of HIV/AIDS was 21.3%, knowledge on routes of transmission was 29.5%, while over 70.0% of the respondents had misconceptions about inhaling polluted air, drinking water touched by HIV-infected person, and insect bite being routes of HIV transmission. Awareness and correct knowledge on the causes, and routes of HIV transmission are an essential weapons in the fight against HIV/AIDS pandemic. It is important to develop interventions to address the huge knowledge gap on HIV causes, and routes of transmission in some rural communities