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CLEFT MAXILLARY HYPOPLASIA: A REVIEW OF TREATMENT OPTIONS
Get PDFMaxillary hypoplasia is a frequently observed secondary deformity in individuals born with cleft lip and palate. The impairment of maxillary growth coupled with extensive postoperative scarring as a result of multiple previous surgeries brings about maxillary deficiency in all planes viz vertical, horizontal and transverse. The resulting class III skeletal malocclusion together with maxillary hypoplasia produces structural imbalance, functional insufficiency, and aesthetic disharmony. Two types of options are available to manage this deformity viz non-surgical and surgical. The non-surgical options include Orthodontics alone or orthopedic protraction using face mask/ reverse pull headgear. The surgical options include conventional orthognathic surgery at Lefort I level or distraction osteogenesis either complete or anterior maxillary distraction. This article highlights all the options available for managing this complex deformity. An effort has also been made to highlight the merits and demerits of each procedure as well as its adverse effects on speech present if any
QUANTITATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF BRAIN TUMORS USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY RELATIVE TO ANALOGUE IMAGES
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to determine the diagnostic variations between magnetic resonance spectroscope MRS and the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analog image i.e. the accuracy and sensitivity of MRS, MRI and CT relative to histological section. The adapted method was a retrospective study for collecting data of brain tumor patients (350) which were being analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that: brain tumors represent an incident of 54% in Sudan during 2014 – 2017 with an increasing factor of 7.2/year. MRS showed excellent diagnostic achievement relative to standard (histology) with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity as 93%, 90% and 85% respectively, the Diagnosis of analogue MRI by different radiologist showed 91%, 83% and 76% for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity respectively; while CT showed 80%, 75% and 15% for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity respectively. MRS usually surpass MRI compared with the standard (histology) and the T-test showed a significant point of 0.5, depending on the level of Choline (Cho), N-Acetyl-Aspartate (NAA), Creatine/ Phosphocreatine (Cr) and Lactate (Lac)
CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL AND ULTRASONOLOGICAL STUDY OF NECK MASSES
Get PDFPresence of head and neck masses proposes a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. Any method that can lead to an early and accurate diagnosis of head and neck mass would be most desirable for the clinician. Neck has an extensive network of lymphoid tissue besides a variety of structure beneath the skin viz. fascia, adipose tissue, tendons, vessels, nerves, and glands
PREVALENCE OF MAXILLARY SECOND PREMOLAR TEETH WITH 2 CANALS IN SAUDI POPULATION OF EASTERN AND SOUTHERN REGIONS
Get PDFAim: The aim of this study is to increase the practitioner’s awareness of the possibility of 2 canals of upper second premolar teeth during endodontic treatment that helps to avoid failure of RCT caused by missing one of the main canals.
Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 different regions east and south regions of Saudi Arabia. Data collected from randomized patients sample of armed forces hospital southern region and from Dammam medical complex- dental department (ministry of health) in eastern region including male and female with age between 15-45 y/o, by using Chi-square test. 140 patients were selected for the study (95 patients in the southern region and 45 patients in eastern region). They were examined clinically and radiographically. Results: Out of 140 patients, 79 patients (56%) have 2 canals in the upper second premolars and 61 patients (44%) have 1 canal in the upper second premolars In eastern region, out of 45 patients, 26 patients (57.77%) have 2 canals in the upper second premolars and 19 patients (42.33%) have 1 canal in the upper second premolars. In the southern region, out of 95 patients, 53 patients (55.78%) have 2 canals in the upper second premolars and 40 patients (44.22%) have 1 canal in the upper second premolars.
Conclusion: This study showed close proportions in the probability of two canals of upper second premolar teeth in both eastern and southern regions of Saudi Arabia. So, the dentists should be aware that the percentage of two canals in upper second premolar teeth almost reaches more than 50% while doing root canal treatment
PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY IN MOTHERS OF INFANTS IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU)
Get PDFAim: To assess psychiatric morbidity in a mother whose infants are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Settings and Design: The study is an observational analytic study. The study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital.
Methods and Material: Sample for the study comprised of fifty (50) consecutive mother, including 36 preterm and 14 terms whose infant were admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit and who provided written informed consent were included in the study. They were followed-up from 2 weeks post-delivery to 3 months post-discharge by phone and when they came for review in pediatric out-patient Department (OPD). Statistical analysis used: SPSS 16.
Results: The mothers with preterm infants had significantly higher rate of psychiatric morbidity during hospitalization than the group with full-term infants but the morbidities reduced significantly after discharge.
Conclusions: The health staff in a neonatal intensive care unit should not only be aware of infants\u27 clinical status but also of the mothers\u27 emotional state. Key messages: In a conventional scenario of Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) focus is always the infant and mother’s psychological health is not recognized or not taken into account despite it is grossly affected. The emotional distress of the mother negatively affects the relationships between parent and child and development of the child in early childhood and at school age. Hence, screening of these mothers for psychiatric morbidity should be made mandatory for appropriate intervention
POTENCY EVALUATION OF A FORMULATED NOVEL DISINFECTANT ON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES (ATMs) IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
Get PDFAn increasing number of people has used the Automated Teller Machine (ATMs) by the year, but less was known about their bacteria colonization status. Do these machines harbor pathogenic bacteria? This work was carried out between March and November 2015 to isolate the pathogenic bacteria associated with ATMs and to evaluate the potency of the formulated novel (Darol) and commonly sold disinfectants (Izal, Domitol) on these bacteria isolates. Samples were collected from thirty-two (32) different Automated Teller Machines located in different banks, within Yenagoa metropolis, with wet sterile swabs and cultured, isolated and identified in the laboratory using selective media and microbiological standard procedures respectively. The bacteria suspension of pure isolates were standardized with 0.5 Mc Farland Turbidity Standard and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the disinfectants at different concentrations (2% 4% 6% 8% 10% and 12%) using cup plate method. Seventy-nine (79) bacteria strains which include Staphylococcus aureus, 37(46%); Klebsiella sp., 19 (24%); Pseudomonas 6 (7.5%) and Bacillus 6 (7.5%) were isolated and identified. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the potency of the test disinfectants (p<0.05) at different concentrations except at 2% between Darol and others for Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species. In conclusion, findings have shown that the potency of the test disinfectants increases with increase in concentrations and Darol mean value 75.5 (43.1%) was most potent, followed by Damitol mean value 54.1 (31%) and the least was Izal mean value 45.4 (26%)
ALPINIA GALANGA: AN OVERVIEW AND HERBAL INTERACTIONS
Get PDFMedicinal plants and derived medicine are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and they are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Alpinia galanga willd. (family- zingiberaceae) commonly known as galanga, is an important cultivated medicinal crop of India. Herbal medicine consists active ingredients in crude form or as an isolated chemical constituent by various processes. Herbal medicine widely perceived by the public too, but adverse effect include important inhibition with conventional medicine occurs. The present paper is an overview on phytopharmacological properties of the plant and its herbal interactions
MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ZINC DEFICIENCY AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACNE VULGARIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Zinc deficiency is one of the main health problems affecting many peoples in developing countries. The acne like papule pustular lesions in zinc deficiency and their rapid improvement with zinc supplementation have led to assess the relationship between serum zinc levels and acne.
Methods: the Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 patients with acne vulgaris in Ayder Referral Hospital from March to April 2016. Individual dietary diversity score was determined as the sum of the number of food groups consumed in 24 hours prior to the study. Serum zinc concentration was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and zinc deficiency was defined at serum levels less than 70µg/dL. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with serum zinc deficiency. Moreover, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were done to compare the mean serum zinc level between different groups. The significance was declared at p< 0.05.
Results: The mean serum zinc concentration was 95.38 ± 20.95 µg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.28 – 99.49) and 19.61% of the patients were zinc deficient. Higher prevalence of zinc deficiency was noticed in patients with acne who were regularly doing exercise (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.27; 95% CI: 1.211−8.20), drinking alcohol (AOR=3; 95% CI:1.95−11.00), consuming no meat (AOR = 4; 95% CI: 1.86−10.00) and taking milk (AOR = 5; 95% CI: 1.52−11.70). There was also a significant difference in mean score of serum zinc level among groups who experience diarrhea; women with regular menses; with cereal, vegetable, and meat consumption; and acne duration.
Conclusion: The prevalence of zinc deficiency was higher among patients with acne vulgaris in the hospital. Regular exercise, no meat consumption, high alcohol and milk intake were factors associated with zinc deficiency. Clinicians should consider serum zinc level and the contributing factors while diagnosing and treating patients with acne vulgaris
ANTERIOR MAXILLARY DISTRACTION: A VIABLE SURGICAL ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY OR TOTAL MAXILLARY DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS FOR MILD TO MODERATE CLEFT MAXILLARY HYPOPLASIA
Get PDFAlthough cleft maxillary hypoplasia can be effectively managed using either Lefort 1 maxillary advancement with conventional orthognathic surgery or with total maxillary distraction osteogenesis, yet many studies have demonstrated velopharyngeal closure problems and distortion of speech post-surgery with either of the two modalities. Further more conventional orthognathic surgery is riddled with high relapse rates and requires completion of growth to perform the surgery. Therefore, the need for a surgical procedure that is not only stable but also has minimal or no effect on velopharyngeal function and speech becomes prudent. Anterior maxillary distraction is one such modality of treating cleft maxillary hypoplasia. This article presents a short comprehensive review about anterior maxillary distraction including the merits and demerits of the technique
OUTCOMES OF DIRECT PULP CAPPING DONE BY DEFERENT MATERIALS IN PERMANENT TEETH: AFTER 1 YEAR RECALL
Get PDFAim: This study is aimed to compare the prognosis between deferent direct pulp capping materials (CH, MTA, and Biodentine) in permanent teeth of Saudi population after the 1-year recall.
Methods: Randomized patient samples were collected in armed forces hospital – dental department included 72 patients between 18 and 40 years old. They were divided into 3 groups according to the materials of direct pulp capping (CH 24patients), (Biodentine 24 patients), or (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] 24 patients). After one year recall, the patients were diagnosed clinically and radiographically using the Fisher exact test.
Results: No clear deference were detected between CH, MTA, and biodentine in terms of failure of the total of 72 teeth, only 2 recorded failures, 1 of each group(CH, MTA) except dentine.
CH : 1:24
MTA : 1:24
Biodentine : 0:24
Biodentine has no inflammatory pulpal response compared to CH and MTA .
Conclusion: This study shows no significant difference between the deferent types of direct pulp capping materials. biodentine shows better properties in direct pulp capping compared to CH and MTA and has no failure cases recorded