Medico Research Chronicles
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COLOSTRUM AVOIDANCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN AGED LESS THAN 12 MONTHS IN KOMBOLCHA TOWN, SOUTH WOLLO ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Get PDFBackground: Despite the importance of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding, colostrum avoidance is practiced in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, the problem of malnutrition begins early in life, primarily during the first 12 months due to sub-optimal breastfeeding practice including colostrum avoidance. However, there is a paucity of information on social and environmental factors associated with colostrum’s avoidance.
Objective: To assess Colostrum avoidance and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Kombolcha town South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia, 2017.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed. 414 mothers of children aged less than 12 months were selected by systematic sampling technique. The data were collected by using interview-based structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the factors associated with colostrum avoidance practices. Variables with a p-value < 0.0 5 with 95% confidence interval were identified as statistically significant factors. Result: The prevalence of colostrum avoidance was (11.4%) in Kombolcha town. The reasons for colostrum avoidance were; yellow color (4%), its dirtiness (14%), due to causing illness for neonates (74%) and thickness (8%). The most common type of prenatal foods given was water (30%); Honey (4%), animal milk (51%), tea (4%) and others (like butter, formula foods) (9%). Regarding behavioral factors of colostrum avoidance; of the total respondents 30.3% had good knowledge about colostrum feeding and 60.1% had a positive attitude towards colostrum feeding. Illness of index child, the area of residence, counseling on timely initiation of breastfeeding, participation in pregnant women forum, husband employment and cultural beliefs were positive predictors of colostrum avoidance practice.
Conclusion & Recommendation: Colostrum avoidance is practiced in Kombolcha town. Illness of index child, counseling on timely initiation of breastfeeding, the area of residence, participation in pregnant women forum and cultural beliefs were important positive predictors ofDownloaded from Medico Research Chronicles “Colostrum avoidance and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Kombolcha town, South Wollo zone, Ethiopia.†Gebreyesus H., Med. Res. Chron., 2017, 4 (5), 545-559 Medico Research Chronicles, 2017 546 colostrum avoidance practice. Promotion of behavioral and tradition change, intensive nutrition education program by giving special emphasis to mothers and children, promotion of counseling on timely initiation of colostrum feeding, important nutrition education for rural, should be implemented strongly in the health care system
BROADENING THE HORIZONS OF DENTISTRY USING STEM CELLS
Get PDFIt is dentists\u27 dream to achieve bone repair with predictability, but without donor site morbidity as well as reconstruction of injured or pathologically damaged complex dental structures, however, this will no longer be a dream as these are being made into a reality using stem cell science. Stem cell science is clearly an intriguing and promising area of science. Stem cells have been isolated from a variety of embryonic and adult tissues. Dental stem cells are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) brought new enthusiasm among the researchers because of their easy accessibility, high quality and they don\u27t pose the same ethical concerns and controversy in comparison with embryonic stem cells. This review article provides brief insights about stem cell basics, the state of art in human dental stem cell research and its possible impact on future dentistry. Even though most of these modalities are still in infancy, it is evident that the 21 st century dentist is going to play a critical role in the field of medicine. The aim of this article is to bring awareness among the dentists about the huge potential associated with the use of stem cells in a clinical setting, as well as proper understanding of related problems
SELF ENGINEERED ACRY C IMPLANT IN NON-PENETRATING GLAUCOMA SURGERY
Get PDFObjective: Analysis of safety and efficacy of self engineered polymethylmethacrylate (Acry C) implants in Non-Penetrating Glaucoma surgery (NPGS) for control and maintenance of intraocular pressure in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) patients.
Design: A Hospital based Randomized study Participants: 0 eyes of 50 POAG patients, divided in 3 groups based on preoperative IOP range.
Materials: NPGS was done with polymethylmethacrylate implants made from haptics of intraocular lenses. All patients were followed up after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. Post-operative success was defined as IOP <21 mm Hg at 1 month in absence of additional anti glaucoma medication or other treatment.
Results: A significant reduction in intraocular pressure was observed post-surgery in all three groups, changing from a preoperative mean of 25.62 ±1.72 mm Hg, 34.38 ± 2.27 mm Hg and 41.66 ± 1.15 mm Hg to a postoperative mean of 13.27±2.13 mm Hg, 16.50 ± 2.74 mm Hg and 17.66 ± 1.52 mm Hg respectively (P<0.001) at 12 months. No significant difference was seen with change in position of the implant i.e. convexity facing limbus or fornix. No intraoperative complications were observed. The main postoperative complication was failure of filtration in 1 case (3.44%) from group 1, 5 cases (27.78%) from Group 2 and all 3 cases (100%) from Group 3 at 1 month postoperatively. Thus, 9 eyes (41 %) required postoperative anti glaucoma medications following which the intraocular pressure was controlled.
Conclusion: NPGS with Acry - C implants is a safe and cost effective (less than one U.S. dollar) procedure for control of Intraocular pressure in POAG patients especially those with moderately elevated intraocular pressures
SCREENING OF DRY EYE DISEASE AMONG AGRICULTURE WORKERS AT A RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of dry eye disease and association of its various risk factors among agriculture workers attending outpatient ophthalmology department of a rural tertiary care hospital. This was a cross-sectional study of 1322 workers between 21 to 70 years of age presenting with various ocular problems from January 2016 to December 2016. Standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, Schirmer’s test and tear film break-up time (TFBUT) tests were used for diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED). Out of total 1322 workers, 789(59.68 %) were males and 533(40.32%) were female. The DED was diagnosed in 167 (12.63%) workers. The study population was divided into six groups according to their ages. The DED in 95(56.88%) workers of 61-70 years age were highest among the age groups. Male: female ratio was 2.27:1 among workers with dry eye. The commonest symptom was dryness grittiness or scratchiness. Low Schirmer’s test values (< 10 mm) were found in 132 (79.04%) workers and TFBUT value was less than 10 seconds in 141 (84.43%) workers. DED was present in 163(13.05%) workers among 1249 smokers, 158(13.75%) workers among 1149 with more than 4 hours sunlight exposure and 117 (14.74%) workers among 794 with history of frequent alcohol consumption. These factors were significantly associated with DED with p value <0.05. The prevalence of DED was found to be significantly associated with age, male gender, smoking, more sunlight exposures and alcohol consumption
EFFECT OF MALARIA INFECTION ON BLOOD PARAMETERS AND VIRAL LOAD IN HIV INFECTED CAMEROONIAN PATIENTS UNDER HAART: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY
Get PDFCo-infections with malaria and HIV infection are common in Sub-Saharan countries. This study aimed at determining the effect of malaria infection on blood parameters and viral load of Cameroonian people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and under antiretroviral treatment. A cross sectional and prospective study took place at the District hospital of Deido. About, 8 mL of venous blood were obtained from each patient by venipuncture for performing complete blood count, thick blood smear and CD4 cells count. Sociodemographic data of participants were sought. In total, 723 patients were enrolled in the study with an average age of 39.49 ± 11.17 years old. The mean count of CD4 lymphocytes was 427 ± 257 (range: 6 - 1369 cells/µL). The prevalence of malaria was 16.7% (95%CI: 14.2%-19.6%). Hemoglobin and haematocrit were lower in malaria infected individuals (P-value < 0.0001). Viral loads were significantly higher in infected males compared to their uninfected counterparts (65195.20 ± 978.04 versus 540 ± 91.24 copies/µL; P-value < 0.0001). The risk of anemia was twofold and about threefold higher in males (OR = 2.28; 95%CI = 1.58 – 3.29; P-value < 0.0001) and malaria parasites infected individuals (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.28 – 4.78; P-value < 0.0001) respectively. It is critical to take into account treatment of malaria episodes in PLWHIV during their management
EFFICACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN ASSESSING CERVICAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN HEAD AND NECK CARCINOMA
Get PDFObjectives: The study was conducted to assess the value of ultrasonography (USG) for lymph node metastasis in patients with carcinoma of oral cavity.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 cases were selected with a primary tumor of the oral cavity. Ninety-two lymph nodes were detected by ultrasound of 5 mm or more in diameter. The patients were examined preoperatively for palpable lymph nodes clinically and ultrasonographic examination of the bilateral neck. Ultrasonographic parameters, such as size, shape, boundaries (well-delineated/ poorly delineated) and internal echoes for the lymph nodes were recorded.
Results: The histologic positive rate was 25%, 80% and 93% for nodes between 5 and 10 mm, 10 and 15 mm and for nodes 15 mm or more in size, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings showed a high significance as the size of nodes increases. The positive rate of 86% for the round nodes of 9 mm or more in size showed a high significance. The positive rate was 93% for well-delineated nodes and 68% for poorly delineated nodes. The most frequent echo pattern was homogenous followed by hypoechoic with the positive rate for metastasis ranging from 83% to 88%.
Conclusion: The diagnostic validity of USG as compared with histopathology showed the sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 73% with an overall efficiency of about 82% in detecting lymph node metastasis. USG is useful for preoperative evaluation of the neck, as the most reliable, inexpensive and easily available method. It is essential for diagnosis, staging, and therapy choices
RARE CASE OF VAGINAL BLEEDING WITH A NORMAL VAULT FOLLOWING SURGICAL MENOPAUSE
Get PDFPost Hysterectomy Causes of bleeding include atrophic vaginitis, vaginal vault granulation, prolapsed fallopian tube, cervical stump cancer, infiltrating ovarian tumors, estrogen secreting tumors in other parts of the body and rarely carcinoma of the fallopian tube. Endometriosis of the vault sometimes can cause postmenopausal bleeding. Post Hysterectomy complications at the vault site such as a bleeding incident can be commonly observed at a short-term post-operative period. Other delayed complications often occur as a hematoma, granuloma, keloid, incision hernia and or vascular formation at the vault. Many of these complications may be accompanied with bleeding symptoms. This case report describes persistent bleeding from vaginal vault 18 months following Hysterectomy
A RARE CASE OF FORAMEN MAGNUM SCHWANNOMA: ANATOMICAL AND SURGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFMostly Schwannomas are concentrated in relation to the Acoustic or Cochlear division of the Eighth Cranial nerve which is the Vestibulocochlear nerve. These lesions are usually benign. We present a rarer location of Schwannoma lying in relation to the Foramen Magnum which is not a common location for such masses. The Anatomical relations determine the Presentation of the Tumors and in this case the rare presentation was to the surprise of ours
NUTREASE POWDER- NATURE’S BLEND OF PROTEIN, FIBER & PHYTOCHEMICALS IN NUTRITIONAL DETOXIFICATION & CLEANSING OF BODY’S TOXINS FROM INTERNAL ORGANS AND TISSUE.
Get PDFThe body’s ability to rid itself of toxic substances is largely dependent upon the liver. Overexposure to environmental toxins in the air and in our diet can put excessive strain on the liver’s detoxification systems and can rob us of our health. Detoxification in the liver occurs in two general phases: Phase I and Phase II. Depending upon the availability of many critical nutrients, the activity of either phase may be reduced or enhanced. Adequate nutritional supplement like Nutrease powder helps to insure proper functioning of both phases of detoxification. Scientific research has revealed that Nutrease powder is helpful in detoxification & cleansing of our Toxic metabolic products. This review summarizes the current available scientific literature regarding the effect of NUTREASE POWDER, The Nature’s blend of protein, Fibers & plant extracts (phytochemicals) in detoxification & cleansing program
INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERY SERVICE UTILIZATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS IN AFAMBO DISTRICT, AFAR, ETHIOPIA - 2016. COMMUNITYBASED CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFIntroduction: Institutional delivery service utilization is very low, even among the community who has access to the health institutions including Ethiopia, especially, in Afar Region. Since there is no recent study done in the area, this study aimed at searching useful information that prevent women to give birth in health institutions.
Objective: To assess the level of institutional delivery service utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth in the past two years in Afambo District, Afar Region, Ethiopia-2016
Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted with 519 mothers who delivered in the past two years by using Simple random sampling with structured questionnaire. Numerous predictors were investigated for their associations with the outcome variable using bivaraite and multivariate logistic regression analysis, to identify the factors affecting institutional delivery service utilization
Conclusions: Institutional delivery service utilization was very low (22.4%) in the study area. Educational level of mothers, wealth status of mothers, Ante-Natal Care (ANC) utilization status of mothers including satisfaction of mothers on the services were significantly associated statistically and identified as determinant factors for institutional delivery service utilization, which needs to be addressed through properly designed interventions