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DEATHS FROM GAS EXPLOSION IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA
Get PDFBackground: The Gas explosion is usually associated with ignition of accidentally released flammable gas which mixes with air once the ignition limit is reached. The injury from the gas explosion can result from blast or burns. The burns injuries are usually the consequence of the associated flames.
Aim: To determine the cause of death of four workers involved in a gas explosion while at work in a government organization in southern Nigeria.
Methodology: This is a study of the death of four workers in a government organization in southern Nigeria in which there was a sudden explosion of a gas cylinder involving people on duty. A complete autopsy was done on all the victims at the Department of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria. Data for all causes of death following the explosion was analyzed using simple inferential statistics.
Results: Four victims were involved in the incident. They were workers of the organization. All were male ranging from 36 to 55years of age. All the victims suffered 80% and above of thirddegree burns using Wallace rule, 100% of the victims had severe pulmonary congestion/edema, 50% of the victims had soft tissue injury and 25% of the victims had a head injury. The cause of death in all the cases is adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following inhalational (gas) injury.
Conclusion: The poor safety measures in government facilities in our environment raises a lot of concern in situations like this. The implementation of proper safety measures in government organizations in this environment would definitely go a long way in safeguarding the life of the workers in such organizations
ROLE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN UNDERSTANDING THE TUMOUR INVASIVENESS OF AMELOBLASTOMA
Get PDFThe aim of the present article was to review the current new knowledge on the molecular markers of tumor invasion in ameloblastoma. In this review, tumor molecular markers were identified and allocated to the following six groups according to their functions: (I) Markers involved in extracellular matrix degradation, (II) Molecular markers involved in cell adhesion lost, (III) Molecular markers involved in bone remodeling, (IV) Cytokines involved in angiogenesis, (V) Molecular markers related to the function of tumor stromal cells on the invasion of ameloblastoma, and (VI) Molecular markers involved in cell proliferation related with invasion. In general, the location of markers within the tumor and not their quantitative assessments as such is emphasized. Data showed that the correlation among molecular markers of invasive relevance is still not quite clear. Results on markers of tumor invasion and metastatic potential appeared to be too premature for a statement regarding the instinct invasive nature of ameloblastoma. The unraveling of specific new details concerning these mechanisms, whereby the expression and relationships among the molecules are mediated, may provide an opportunity to afford efficient prevention and develop new treatment therapies
MODERN FAMILY PLANNING METHODS UTILIZATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS IN AYSAITA TOWN, NORTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA
Get PDFBackground: Investing in family planning is a development ‘‘best buy†that can accelerate achievement across the five Sustainable Development Goal themes of People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the factors associated with utilization of modern family planning among female students in Aysaita secondary and preparatory school, Afar Regional State.
Methods: School based cross-sectional study was conducted at Aysaita secondary and preparatory school in April, 2016. Data were cleaned, coded and entered into Epi-Info version 3.3.2, then exported to SPSS version 20 statistical package for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between each independent variables and the outcome variable. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as significant and independent predictors.
Results: The study included 301 students. Of sexually active students, 68.4% were currently using modern family planning. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, students who had pocket money [AOR=2.3(1.07, 5.23)], had ever been married [AOR=4.3(1.45, 12.63)], and those who had ever discussed on modern family planning methods [AOR=4(1.90, 8.28)] were more likely to use modern family planning as compared to their counter parts.
Conclusion: The study revealed that having pocket money, being married and having discussion on modern family planning (MFP) methods are positive predictors of MFP utilization. Therefore, Aysaita secondary and preparatory school must establish and promote more responsive and youth-friendly health service delivery. Furthermore, the school must advocate for reducing the financial cost of MFP methods to female students
CONTROVERSIES IN LOW VERSUS STANDARD PRESSURE PNEUMOPERITONEUM USAGE IN LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES
Get PDFBackground: Laparoscopic surgery has evolved over a past few decades and continues to advance. When compared with open surgeries, laparoscopic surgeries have several advantages of faster recovery and decreased postoperative pain. The workplace so created by pneumoperitoneum has its negative implications on cardiovascular, pulmonary and intrabdominal organ functioning. Several trials have been done to see these impacts using low pressure and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum. Recently attention is focused on improving clinical outcomes based on altering the laparoscopic surgical environment.
Methods: Systematic review of all randomized controlled clinical trials and observational studies comparing low versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum. Results and
Conclusions: In healthy individuals undergoing laparoscopic procedures, limited data are available to suggest supremacy of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum over standard pneumoperitoneum. However certain parameters seem to have an impact with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum but to generalize at present with lack of significant randomized controlled clinical trials would be inappropriate. One can safely conclude that low-pressure settings does seem to reduce postoperative pain and would be safer in patients with the high-risk group but in lowrisk patients using low-pressure settings would risk the safety with regard to workspace and dissection
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF OPHTHALMIC DROPS SOLD IN NIGERIA PHARMACY STORES AND MARKET PLACES
Get PDFEye drops are sterile liquids for instillation into the conjunctiva sac worldwide; they are formulated and packaged in order to maintain their sterility throughout the period of use. This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmaceutical quality and antimicrobial effectiveness ophthalmic drops offered for sale in Nigeria. A total of thirty-three (33) sterile eye drops of 11 different brands (3 of each) were examined; these include Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Betaxolol, Betamethasone, Artificial tears, Hypromellose, Diclofenac, and Timolol were purchased in pharmacy stores and the other two which are natural drops were purchased from the market and bus vendor (Oster and Quick action). A standardized (using 0.5 Mac Farland turbidity standard) clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were added (according to British and United State Pharmacopoeia) to newly opened eye drops and stored at room temperature away from light. At 1hour, 3days, 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days samples were collected, plated and the number of viable microorganisms was counted after 48hrs incubation at 37oC. Seven 7 (Gentamicin, Betamethasone, Chloramphenicol, Hypromellose, Artificial tears, Ciprofloxacin and Betaxolol)out of the test eye drops had significant antimicrobial activity with their anti-infective having the highest rapidity in bactericidal activity; Timolol and Diclofenac showed a reduced and poor antimicrobial activity. The findings had shown 77.8 of the test eye drops passed the antimicrobial effectiveness test while 22.2% failed. Quick action and Oster were found to contain heavy microbial growth. In conclusion, the ophthalmic drops offered for sale in Nigeria from approved medicine stores are of acceptable standard
A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY OF INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE ON 0.5% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE USED IN SPINAL ANAESTHESIA
Get PDFBackground and aims: Local anesthetics along with adjuvants like epinephrine, phenylephrine, adenosine, magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, neostigmine and alpha-2 agonists like clonidine, dexmedetomidine have been used intrathecally to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine, used intravenously are also known to prolong the duration of the spinal anesthesia.We proposed this study to evaluate the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine on 0.5% bupivacaine spinal anesthesia.
Methods: In this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 60 patients aged 18 to 60 years, ASA grade 1 or 2 posted for planned elective surgery for more than two hours duration under spinal anesthesia.
study design: The patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups, after giving spinal anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine. Group D received a loading dose of 1 ug/kg Dexmedetomidine and Group C received an equivalent quantity of normal saline. The duration of sensory and motor blockade, hemodynamic parameters, postoperative analgesia, time of rescue analgesia, sedation scores and side effects were studied.
Results: The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly prolonged in dexmedetomidine group as compared to control group (p<0.001) Haemodynamic parameters like pulse rate, blood pressure was significantly lower in dexmedetomidine group. Mean time for first request of rescue analgesic in postoperative period was significantly longer in D group (5.43 hrs) as compared to C group (2.43 hrs) (p <0.001) Sedation scores were significantly higher in dexmedetomidine group [4.3+0.47] as compared to control group [2+0.0] (p<0.001) Side effects like shivering, nausea, and vomiting were less in D group
Conclusion: Intravenous dexmedetomidine significantly prolongs the duration of sensory and motor block of bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia, provides excellent sedation and good postoperative analgesi
SPECTRUM OF ORAL AND DENTAL MANIFESTATIONS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS – A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Get PDFBackground: Increased survival among Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients have led to new problems including concerns for oral health. Periodontitis is a potential proinflammatory state associated with protein energy malnutrition and accelerated atherosclerosis. As supported by literature, patients with periodontitis have higher odds and risks of developing cardiovascular diseases. In our work, we aimed to look into the spectrum of oral and dental manifestations in CKD patients and compare the prevalence of periodontal disease with that of age and gender matched controls.
Study design & population: This was an observational, case control cross sectional study where 100 patients with CKD and 100 age and sex matched controls were involved. Patients were asked about symptoms of unpleasant taste, dry mouth and burning tongue and were examined for oral lesions such as pale mucosa, dry fissured lips, Saburral tongue, Candidiasis, petechiae, ecchymosis, smooth tongue, ulcerative stomatitis and angular cheilitis by a trained dental surgeon with appropriate armamentarium. The Periodontal disease index using the plaque component, calculus component, gingival and periodontal components were scored for each patient.
Statistical analysis: Student t-test & Chi-square test were used to determine the difference in clinical parameters between the patients and controls. SPSS version 16.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: Most common symptoms in CKD patients were xerostomia (45%) and unpleasant taste (42%) while the most common signs were pale mucosa and smooth tongue (28%). Prevalence of uremic fetor, xerostomia, pale mucosa, dry fissured lips, suboral tongue, smooth tongue in diabetic CKD patients was higher than in non-diabetic CKD patients. Periodontal disease index scoring revealed a significantly higher plaque index, calculus index and gingival and periodontal index in CKD patients compared to controls.
Conclusions: Periodontitis is an ignored source of systemic inflammation in patients with CKD. Our study highlights the rampant prevalence of oral lesions and periodontitis in CKD particularly in diabetic CKD and End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Recognising and managing periodontitis at an early stage may help in decreasing the pro inflammatory state and increasing the nutritional status of CKD patients. Periodic oral cavity and periodontal assessment should be made a part of routine standard of care in CKD patients
CHANGING PARADIGM IN OCULAR TRAUMA OVER 15 YEARS
Get PDFBackground: Changing profile of work force can give rise different types of injuries
Purpose: To analyze causative factors (Host-Agent-Event) in ocular trauma over last 15 years
Methods: Hospital based prospective study during 1997-2012.Detailed information on nature of trauma; agent and setting were recorded.
Results: Cohort included 12365 eye injuries, 1241 serious cases. Prevalence - 0.45 /10000 Mean age 45.8 with bi- modal pattern of incidence, 3:1 male –female ratio.80% closed globe, 48% workplace injury (90% in marginal laborers with an exponential annual increase).10% cases from garage mechanics.60% of eye injuries in female were related to “social violenceâ€. Multivariate analysis has detected new causative agents.
Conclusion: Significant change in parameters of trauma (Host-Agent-Event) is resulting in paradigm shift in eye injury. Unorganized unaccustomed labor in workplace injury and “social trauma†in females has become an important cause of eye injury
BEST MODALITIES OF TEACHING ANATOMY: TEACHER BASED ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF TEACHING IN SKIMS MEDICAL COLLEGE BEMINA, SRINAGAR
No full textThe Concept of Teaching has undergone a lot of change in recent times. Teaching of Anatomy as a subject has also undergone a lot of change. Few years ago the concept of Black board teaching dominated. With the advent of Newer Teaching methods, Use of Improvised Technology, Availability of Dummies, Models, Slide Projectors, DVDS, 3D Animations and simulators and smart Boards, many Doctors have resorted to use of Newer Techniques. The Satisfaction levels of teaching by different modalities differ and is different in case of different teachers. We have tried to have the Perspective from Experts in Anatomy as to what modality they prefer for different subtopics. In the same Context The Faculty and the staff of our College in which Each teacher was asked about the three most effective methods of teaching different modalities based on their experience and expertise. The staff participated in filling the Questionnaire. The observations were noted
COMPARISON OF SELF-ESTEEM OF WOMEN BEFORE AND AFTER MAMMAPLASTY SURGERY IN HOSPITAL IN KERMANSHAH PROVINCE YEAR (2013)
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: One of the goals of surgery mammaplasty pursues women to increase their self-esteem. Because breast, ideal size and shape for women is dependent on the structure of individual and cultural characteristics of each community, So our findings in this study indicates a positive or negative impact of the surgery on self-esteem of women in the Statistical Society studied, and it can be very helpful. The present study aims to investigate the self-esteem of women before and after mammaplasty in hospitals in Kermanshah Province was performed in the year (2013).
Research method: This research is a descriptive-comparative study with the participation of 100 women who were undergoing surgery was performed Mammaplasty. In order to collect data from the two individuals questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem. Women filled the questionnaires before surgery, and two months after surgery.
Findings: Of the 100 women surveyed, the average self-esteem, preoperative 18.77, and 17.96 was after surgery Paired t-test based on this difference was not statistically significant.(p>0.05) . Also in the demographic profile female employment status, and predict a better-looking, expression (0.19) changes to the act of self-esteem (p>0.05). In addition, demographic characteristics, duration of marriage, female education, employment status woman, wife and children, explain (0.42) changes women\u27s self-esteem after surgery, which is statistically significant. (p<0.05)
Conclusion: Mammaplasty surgery to increase women\u27s self-esteem has no significant impact