Medico Research Chronicles
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ASSAULT INJURY TO THE FACE WITH AN AXE- A RARE CASE REPORT
Get PDFThe prevalence of facial injury due to various causes has increased recently. The article is a rare case of assault to the face with an axe. The patient had a compound zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture on the left side. Following emergency management, the patient was shifted to the operation theater and underwent definitive management of zygomatic complex fracture. Conclusion: Immediate management of compound facial bone fracture is essential to obtain better cosmetic and functional result
DETERMINANTS OF COMPLIANCE TO IRON-FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN PASTORAL COMMUNITIES OF AFAR REGION: THE CASES OF MILLE AND ASSAITA DISTRICTS, AFAR, ETIOPIA-2015
Get PDFIron deficiency is the leading single nutrient deficiency in the world affecting the lives of more than 2 billion particularly in developing countries. Pregnant women are at high risk of iron deficiency due to increased nutrient requirement. WHO recommends supplementation to pregnant women with folic acid for 6 months to reduce the risk of iron deficiency anemia. This study intended to determine the compliance level and identify factors associated with iron folic acid supplementation among pregnant women. A facility based cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women with 450 samples. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. The level of compliance to iron folic acid supplementation was 22.9%. The independent predictors for this were residence, early registration for antenatal care, nutrition counseling and family support. Compliance level to iron-folic acid supplementation is very low as compared to the standards. Nutrition education should focus on the importance of compliance to iron folic acid for the pregnant women
CERVICAL CANCER AND ITS AETIOLOGY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Get PDFCervical cancer represents a huge burden of non-infectious disease globally. It is the second commonest cancer in the female. There are over half a million deaths recorded every year as result of cervical cancer. The aetiological agent implicated in this disease is the human Papillomavirus. The high-risk human papillomavirus has been mostly implicated. The commonest high-risk human papillomavirus implicated in cervical cancer worldwide is type 16 and 18. The viral infection of the uterine cervical epithelium initially causes the development of precancerous lesions referred to as cervical intraepithelial lesions/squamous intraepithelial lesions which take many years to progress into cancer. The Papanicoulao smear test done for the screening of precancerous cervical lesions has been known to be effective in preventing the disease. The commonest types of cervical cancer are the cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
AN OPEN COMPARATIVE AND RANDOMIZED STUDY ON VALPROATE’S EFFECT IN THE LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS VERSUS LITHIUM CARBONATE AND CARBAMAZEPINE
Get PDFBipolar disorder is a chronic disorder, with a large diversity range of clinical manifestations that affects around 1% of total population around the world.
Objective: Evaluation of differences in efficacy between Sodium Valproate and Lithium Carbonate and Carbamazepine in maintenance treatment of patients with bipolar disorder during a 2 years follow-up period.
Design: an open comparative and randomized study.
Setting: UHC Tirana “Mother Teresaâ€, Psychiatric Service, Emergency Ward Participants: A total of 235 inpatient and outpatient, diagnosed with bipolar disorder I and II (at least two mood episodes) based on DSM-IV-TR. Main Outcome measures: Time survival analyses to any events (relapse/recurrence) for entire population in study, comparing three separated groups (n=60) valproate (Vp) versus lithium (Li) versus carbamazepine (Cbz).
Results: Cumulative survival of Vp was 26% higher than Cbz (p=0.001) and 4.3% than Li (p=0.4304). The mean survival time for Vp was 35 +/- 7% higher than Cbz and 10 +/- 6% higher than Li, while median time for Vp was respectively 53 +/- 7% and 14 +/- 13% higher than Cbz and Li groups. Hazard ratio of Cbz has been 108.5% higher than Vp (B=0.735, p=0.001), for Li was 20.4% higher than Vp (B=0.186).
Concerning the predictors: Vp was more effective than Li in non-classic BD I (p=0.031), also superior to Li in mixed, rapid cycling subtypes and in co-morbidities. Vp was more effective than Cbz in classic BD-I (p=0.0312).
Conclusions: Vp is significantly more effective than Cbz in long-term treatment of BD, Vp is superior than Li in non-classic form of BD
POSSIBLE PERIPHERAL LIPOLYTIC EFFECT OF CLOBENZOREX HYDROCHLORIDE IN PATIENTS WITH OBESITY
Get PDFIntroduction: It is well known that clobenzorex hydrochloride is an amine that inhibits appetite by its sympathomimetic action on the lateral hypothalamus. However, it has been reported that this drug also has a peripheral lipolytic effect, which has not been studied sufficiently. The aim of this study was to evaluate such lipolytic action in obese patients.
Methods: A controlled clinical trial was conducted with male and female patients having class I and II obesity and an age range of 30-60 years (n=33). Patients were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (n=16) received a single oral dose of 90 mg clobenzorex, and the control group (n=17) a placebo. Blood samples were taken at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min post-administration to determine serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerol, glucose, triglycerides, HDLcholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. The atherogenic index (AI) was calculated.
Results: Over the time of the study (0-240 min), the experimental group showed an increase in HDL-cholesterol (from 42.0 to 55.6 mg/dl; p=0.01), FFAs (from 0461 to 1009 mMol/l; p=0.01), and glycerol (from 0.123 to 0.170 mMol/lt; p=0.01). There was a significant decrease in AI (from 5.87 to 5.26; p=0.01). The placebo group showed a significant increase only in FFAs (from 0436 to 0824 mMol/lt; p=0.01) and a significant decrease in AI (from 4.51 to 4.05; p=0.01).
Conclusion: These results suggest that clobenzorex hydrochloride has peripheral lipolytic activity, which can be considered as an additional effect, synergistic with its central pharmacological mechanism
INTRAOPERATIVE INTRAVENOUS DEXTROSE ADMINISTRATION AND THE INCIDENCE OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING AFTER THE GYNECOLOGIC LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLINDED CONTROLLED STUDY
Get PDFThe aforesaid article accepted for publication in the 3rd Issue of 4th Volume of Medico Research Chronicles has been retracted on the Author’s request for the modification and improvisation of the research sighted. Editorial Team accepts the proposal for the concern of better representation of the research in future. Journal will not be responsible for the further citation of the article and the electronic copies circulated
OVERVIEW ON THALASSEMIAS: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Get PDFThalassemia’s are genetic disorders inherited from a person’s parents. Thalassemia’s are prevalent worldwide with 25,000 deaths in 2013.Highest rates are in the Mediterranean, Italy, Greece, Turkey, West Asia, North Africa, South Asian, and Southeast Asia. The β-thalassemia major is the most severe form and the affected children are dependent on regular blood transfusions for survival. One of the major complications in chronically transfused patients is development of irregular antibodies and in this situation; further transfusion of compatible red cell is difficult. Hemoglobinopathies imply abnormalities in the globin proteins themselves. Health complications are mostly found in thalassemia major and intermediate patients. Signs and symptoms include severe anemia, poor growth and skeletal abnormalities during infancy. Untreated thalassemia major eventually leads to death, usually by heart failure. Diagnosis by hematologic tests, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and DNA analysis. Individuals with severe thalassemia require blood transfusion, drug therapy i.e. deferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone, and bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is still remains the only definitive cure available for patients with Thalassemia. Gene therapy for β- Thalassemia is still on trial and a hope for future. Genetic studies (DNA analysis) to investigate deletions and mutations in the alpha- and beta-globin-producing gene help in correct diagnosis and improved management in thalassemic patients. This topic will review the clinical features of thalassemia while focusing on pathophysiology, clinical features, complication, management, screening and diagnosis
NEONATAL MALARIA
Get PDFNeonatal malaria, once considered a rare diagnosis is frequently being diagnosed in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in infants admitted with suspected neonatal sepsis, particularly in highly endemic regions. Most infections are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium vivax. The signs and symptoms are indistinguishable from neonatal septicemia, requiring a high index of suspicion for its diagnosis. Blood smear examination remains the gold standard; however several rapid diagnostic tests are now available, particularly for diagnosing Plasmodium falciparum infection. Chloroquine remains the drug of choice for treating congenital malaria, other antimalarials have been used with success in treating chloroquine-resistant neonatal malaria
PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AS A SCREENING TOOL IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA: AN ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE LEVEL AMONG HEALTH PROFESSIONALS.
Get PDFIntroduction: Prostate cancer is the leading cancer in older men and early detection has been advocated as this affords patients a potential cure by radical prostatectomy. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as a screening tool to categorize patients who may be at risk of prostate cancer and it is considered as the most promising tumor markers available. However, the utility of PSA is not limited to prostate cancer detection; it can also be applied to benign conditions of the prostate.
Objective: To assess the compliance rate of male doctors≥ 40 years toward prostate cancer screening
Method: Questionnaires were distributed to eighty (80) male medical doctors in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria using a convenient sampling method. The data were analyzed for demography, knowledge and attitude toward PSA screening using Pearson chi-square. A PSA knowledge score was generated using three different parameters gotten from the questionnaire and subjects were classified into very good, good and poor based on their responses.
Results: Most (77.4%) of the respondents were middle aged men with a mean age of 54.17+_8.6 years. Majority (77.8%) of the respondents had a very good knowledge (n=48) of the utility of PSA as a screening tool for early diagnosis of prostate disease. However, the respondents attitude and practice toward PSA screening were poor in that majority (77.1%) has never had a previous PSA done. This is significant (p<0.001)
Conclusion: There is a poor attitude and practice toward PSA screening among the knowledgeable
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY OF THE BREAST, COMPONENT OF A TRIPLE TEST: A REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a type of interventional cytology. It is a clinicopathological procedure involving the collection of cells from a lesion using a fine needle and syringe. The breast/mammary gland is one of the commonest organs in the body which may develop lesions/lumps requiring fine needle aspiration cytology. This test is ideally done as part of a triple test following clinical examination and imaging studies. Therefore the approach in fine needle aspiration cytology is multidisciplinary. This procedure has a high sensitivity and specificity in addition to several other advantages including the good turn round time, minimal side effect and cost of the procedure when compared to histology. It has proven to be a really effective method in the diagnosis of breast cancer when used as part of the triple test. The result is more accurate when it is done by an experienced cytopathologist. The complications from this procedure are rare and include infection, hematoma, pneumothorax and dissemination of the tumor.
Aim/Objective: To do a literature review on fine needle aspiration cytology as part of a triple test
Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology has been an effective tool for screening for breast cancer for many years and it is very accurate when combined with clinical finding and imaging