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CHILDHOOD HOMICIDE FOLLOWING MOTOR CAR BATTERY FLUID ELECTROLYTE INGESTION IN CALABAR, SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA: AN AUTOPSY CASE SERIES
Get PDFBattery fluid electrolyte (Sulphuric acid) is a highly corrosive agent which on accidental or forceful ingestion can result in serious injuries to the gastrointestinal tract and life-threatening resulting in death. Homicidal battery fluid ingestion is rare in Nigeria. We present the case of eleven years old female twin that was trick to drink a mixture of battery fluid electrolyte and nonalcoholic beverage drink by their father with the intention of killing them. The first twin was found dead and the second died in the hospital. Both sustained severe gastrointestinal injuries with fecal peritonitis and haemoperitoneum
PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURE: A PROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES OF RARE ENTITY AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.
Get PDFIntroduction: Unlike unilateral tibia fracture bilateral tibia fractures are rare and often associated with multiple systemic injuries results from high energy trauma in motor vehicle accidents, sports or falls from height. Management and complications of such injuries are little existing in the literature. Materials and methods: Demographics, the severity of the injury, fracture pattern, the extent of the open fracture, associated injuries and treatments were documented in a prospective, single center study of nine cases. Complications and outcome were recorded in follow-up.
Results: Eight were an adult male and one was a female child. Mean age was 24.55 year (range, 3 to 33). 11.11% had bilateral closed, 22.22% sustained bilateral open, and 66.66% had unilateral open fracture. The most common associated injury was fracture distal radius in 44.44% followed by shoulder dislocation (22.22%) and fracture proximal humerus (11.11%). The New Injury Severity Score was range from 18 to 27. 27.77% (5, tibia) cases (Total 18 tibia) managed with definitive casting and remaining 72.22% cases were treated with immediate (11, tibia) and delayed intramedullary nailing (2, tibia). Complications were included superficial wound infection, wound necrosis and delayed union, required additional surgeries. Average hospital stay was 19.88 days (range, 7-45 days). 66.66% of cases went on heal without complication. The average follow-up was 8 months (range, 3-12 months).
Conclusion: Bilateral tibial shaft fractures can associate with musculoskeletal injuries in other region and show a high rate of open fractures which may require additional procedures
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LIVER FUNCTION TESTS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Get PDFBackground: There are studies which have indicated the role of gonadal hormones in regulating structure and function of nearly every tissue and organ in the mammalian body, causing gender differences in a variety of characteristics. The objective of our study was to compare the gender differences in liver function tests in healthy individuals and to find the correlation between bilirubin and other liver markers.
Methodology: The retrospective study was conducted by collecting the data from the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of Adarsha Superspeciality Hospital, Udupi. Liver function tests were compared among 35 women and 35 men, who got their liver function tests done as a part of routine investigation panel. Comparison of liver parameters was done using the Mann Whitney U test. A correlation study was done by calculating Spearman\u27s correlation coefficient.
Results: Total and direct bilirubin were very significantly high in males as compared to females ( P=0.001 and p <0.0001).A significantly high total protein(p=0.039) , globulins (p=0.0092),AST (p=0.0168), ALT (p=0.0010) were observed in males. ALT was positively very highly significantly correlated with total and direct bilirubin ( p=0.0038 and p=0.0049 respectively (r=0.26 and r=0.256 respectively).
Conclusion: A significantly high total and direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, total protein and globulin levels were observed in men compared to women. The causative factor is inconclusive and association of liver profile and female gonadal hormones needs further research
PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF TEMPOROMADIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS IN STUDENTS OF B. P. KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Get PDFBackground and Objective: The growing public interest in oral health has increased the demand for treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It is therefore important to have epidemiological data to estimate the proportion and distribution of these disorders. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on Nepalese citizens. Thus a study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of TMD in undiagnosed health science university students.
Materials and Method: The Fonseca questionnaire was administered to all undergraduate dental students at B.P. Koirala Institute Of Health Sciences willing to participate and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Data entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS. Results were analyzed using the frequency distribution of the questionnaire answers according to the Fonseca’s anamnestic index.
Results: 160 students (95 females and 65 males) with an average age of 21.49 years enrolled in the study. 31.85% showed some level of TMD: 28.125% mild TMD, 3.75% moderate and 0% severe. Women were the most affected group, with 21.87% showing some level of TMD against 10% of men, though the presentation not being statistically significant. Students with any level of TMD showed marked characteristics: 41.25% considered themselves tense people, 39.37% reported a frequent headache, 28.75% reported TMJ clicking, 28.12% had muscular pain while chewing, 25% clenched their teeth and 22.5% reported neck pain. Within these characteristics, significant gender difference was observed for headaches with higher female predominance.
Conclusion: In contrast to other studies we observed a low prevalence and severity for TMD in the study population
THE EXPRESSION OF BASAL CYTOKERATINS IN BREAST CANCERS
Get PDFIntroduction: Treatment for breast cancer is based on the expression of the immunomarkers such as ER, PR, and HER2/neu. Cases which are negative to all the three immunomarkers are called Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) and they have a poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that some of the TNBCs express cytokeratins CK 5/6 (subcategorizing them as basal-like breast cancers) and these respond well to anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Aim and Objectives: To study the expression of basal cytokeratins CK 5/6 in breast carcinomas reported in our center and to correlate with histological type, grade, size, clinical features and ER, PR and HER2/neu status.
Methods: Tissues of 44 cases of breast carcinoma diagnosed between June 2009 and May 2014 were retrieved. Immunohistochemical staining for CK 5/6 was done and it was correlated with parameters such as histopathological type, grade, size, invasion and ER, PR and HER2/neu status.
Results: Eight of the breast carcinomas (18%) were categorized as Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) as they were negative for ER, PR, and HER2/neu. Four of the TNBCs (50%), were positive for CK 5/6. The significant statistical correlation was observed between the size of a tumor and positive CK 5/6 expression. All CK 5/6 positive cases were of high grade.
Conclusion: The routine use of CK 5/6 is recommended in all cases of TNBCs, as 50% of them are positive for these markers. Patients in this subcategory could benefit from anthracyclinebased chemotherapy
FRACTURES OF MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY DURING EXTRACTION OF MAXILLARY MOLAR- A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW
Get PDFFractures of maxillary tuberosity during extraction of molar teeth can be a common occurrence in dental practice. However, very few cases are reported and discussed in the literature. These fractures can lead to serious complications. Depending on its dimensions, it can present both as a surgical as well as the prosthetic problem. From the prosthetic point of view, the anatomic area of maxillary tuberosity is extremely important for providing desired retention and stability of upper denture. This article presents a case of an extensive fracture of maxillary tuberosity during extraction of the maxillary second molar tooth and its treatment outcomes
IMPACT OF BMI AND FOOT ARCH HEIGHT ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCES
Get PDFAims: The study aimed to determine the association between BMI, foot arch height and physical performances and also to ascertain the impact of BMI and foot arch height on physical performances.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 118 university students (59 males and 59 females) between the age group of 18 to 25 years by using convenience sampling method. Measurements of BMI and Normalized navicular height truncated (NNHt) for foot arch height (FAH) was taken for all subjects. Physical performance tests of 50-m sprint and vertical jump height (VJH) were performed with their comfortable sports shoes. Relations between all variables were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis. A 2-tailed test of significance of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A two-tailed test of significance indicated that BMI was unrelated to 50-m sprint, rs (118) = -0.08, p > 0.05 and VJH, rs (118) = 0.072, p > 0.05. A two-tailed test of significance indicated that FAH was unrelated to 50-m sprint, rs (118) = -0.07, p > 0.05. But there was a weak or negligible negative relationship between FAH and VJH, rs (118) = -0.21, p < 0.05. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI was not a significant predictor for both 50-m sprint and VJH physical performances. FAH was a significant predictor for VJH but not for the 50-m sprint.
Conclusion: BMI is not related to 50-m sprint and VJH. FAH is not related to the 50-m sprint but there is a weak relationship between FAH and VJH. FAH was a significant predictor for VJH
PATTERN OF KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MALARIA RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST AMONG DIFFERENT PROFESSIONAL RANKS OF MEDICAL DOCTORS IN A STATE TEACHING HOSPITAL, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
Get PDFMalaria infection is still of public health importance globally, particularly in Nigeria. The recommendation is that diagnosis of malaria is confirmed through parasite-based blood test before commencing treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of knowledge and perception on malaria rapid diagnostic test for medical doctors working in departments that manage malaria cases in a tertiary hospital. It was a cross-sectional study. A whole population study of doctors in the General Outpatient, Internal Medicine, and Paediatrics departments of a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Total of 91 copies of the questionnaire was distributed, while 86 were returned for analysis. Mean overall percentage knowledge score for all medical doctors across the three departments was 70.0%, with those in the General Outpatient department recording 70.8%, Internal medicine 60.3%, and 77.9% for Paediatrics. Registrars recorded the highest percentage knowledge score of 75%. Mean Overall percentage positive perception by medical doctors across the three departments was 83.4%, with those in General Outpatient department scoring 93.8%, those in Internal Medicine department 75.9%, and those in Paediatrics department 82.9%. Medical Officers recorded the highest percentage positive perception score of 96.9%. The mean overall percentage score recorded on both knowledge and perception were above 60%. This could be an indication of favorable disposition of medical doctors in this hospital to implement the WHO/Federal government policy of confirming the diagnosis of malaria before initiating treatment; if the enabling environment for this is put in place by the management of the hospital
VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION IN A CENTRAL STATE OF INDIA; MADHYA PRADESH
Get PDFIntroduction: Human blood is an essential component of human life which is universally recognized as the most precious element that sustains life. The safest blood is blood acquired from regular, voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors from low-risk populations. The aim of the transfusion services is to provide a safe, sufficient and timely supply of blood and blood components to needy patients.
Aim: Present study is aimed to know the status of voluntary blood donation and transfusion facilities in Madhya Pradesh.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1657491 blood donors, donated their blood over a period of six years (1st January 2012 to 31st December 2017) at the NACO supported blood banks of Madhya Pradesh were included in the study. Data of blood donors, age, sex, type of donation, etc including their TTIs status was collected, retrieved, tabulated, summarized and compared statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion at Madhya Pradesh AIDS Control Society Bhopal. Chi-square (X2) test was applied to know the significant (p-value) ratio of difference statistically.
Result: In the Present study voluntary blood donation was 91.9% statistically significant (p= 0.000001). Male to female ratio of blood donors in the study was 94% male to 6% female. Majority of donors (65.5 %) were of the aged between 21 to 40 years. Prevalence of TTIS among blood donors in the study was 2.01% (n=33408/1657491), statistically significant (p= 0.000001).
Conclusion: The status of transfusion services and voluntary blood donation in the state is satisfactory and more work has to be done to achieve the national targets
THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA RELATED ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Get PDFIntroduction: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy. The central nervous system, kidneys, and myocard can be affected by TTP.
Case Presentation: A 47-year-old female patient with no chronic disease came to the emergency department presented with chest pain, blur in seeing. Electrocardiogram was performed and there was biphasic T wave pattern. Laboratory tests showed an elevation in white blood cell (14.103/mm3), decrease in thrombocyte (3.000/mm3). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 129.3 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 1.87 mg/dl, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 1581 U/l. Cardiac markers were elevated. These tests results revealed non ST-elevation myocardial infarction and acute renal injury. Antithrombotic agents were not applied because of thrombocytopenia. ADAMTS 13 activity was found lower than 0, 2 % and ADAMTS 13 antibodies were positive. Plasmapheresis was started to perform, immediately and repeated for ten days. After the treatment, hematologic parameters and LDH values came to normal ranges.
Conclusion: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a type of thrombotic microangiopathic anemia. If it is not diagnosed early, the mortality rate can be about 90%. Plasmapheresis should begin immediately