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DOORSTEP INTERACTIVE HEART AWARENESS PROGRAM IN RAILWAY POPULATION- A REPORT OF 3 YEARS’ FOLLOW UP
Get PDFThe incidences of the heart disease at younger ages are increasing rapidly in the society irrespective to the gender, age, case, creed, socioeconomic distribution, etc. The heart disease is preventable as the major cause seems to be an unhealthy lifestyle. The objective of this study is to conduct a heart and lifestyle awareness and modification drive program at the doorstep, to identify asymptomatic hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease. Also to report mortality and morbidity associated with the acute coronary event and cardiac complications taken as the objective of the study. In this cohort study, a total of 4178 patients were Counselled at the doorstep and acute severity cases were compared with that of control (non-counseled) patients. As a result of the study, it was found that Hypertensive and Diabetic emergencies were significantly low in the Counselled group. Doorstep heart awareness program with active participation through difficult but highly effective in preventing major cardiac events and very helpful in identifying the asymptomatic pattern of hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart diseases
Outcomes of fixed partial dentures fabricated in AFHSR before 3 years
Get PDFObjectives: This study was done to determine the length of service of FPDs delivered to the patients with specific clinical, radiographic, and laboratory procedures.
Methods: A total of 110 patients were examined 65 of the participants were females and 45 males, with a total of 175 prostheses. Patient was selected randomly, all of them having a single crown or fixed partial dentures done at the Dental Specialty Centre King Fahad Armed forced hospital Khamis Mushait KSA, between 2016 and 2019. Patients were informed and written consents were obtained. Age, gender and the duration of prosthesis placement were being recorded. Clinical and radiographic analysis was done.
Results: Out of 200 patients participated satisfying the criteria for inclusion in this study were identified. 110 responded positively with a total of 175 prostheses (91 single crowns, 84 FPDs). The male patients were 45 and the female patients were 65, with age ranging from 25 to 65 years. The most frequent failure was due to debonding in both types of prosthesis.
Conclusion : Within the limitation of this study, secondary caries and debonding of the single crowns and FPDs were the most frequent complication
Study of various types of Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) placements in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in rural dental hospital of Western Maharashtra: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFIntroduction: The present study was aimed to study various types of TAD placements in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in the Rural Dental Hospital of Western Maharashtra.
Material & Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional type carried out in the Department of Orthodontics & dentofacial orthopedics, Rural Dental College, Loni. The study population included all patients of both gender and aged above 12 years, who were scheduled for placement of Temporary Anchorage Devices (TAD) in orthodontic treatment, and willing to participate in the study were included in the study. The number of sites and details of TAD placement in terms of side and quadrant was recorded.
Results and conclusion: TAD implants are common in the age group of 19-21 years and females. The common sites of the implant were URPR/ULPR followed by MaxAR, URZB/ULZB, and LRBS/LLBS. The use of miniscrews was most common as TAD in patients undergoing Orthodontic treatment
ETIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CORNEAL LESIONS LEADING TO VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN ADULT PATIENTS AT RURAL HOSPITAL - A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFCorneal diseases are among the major causes of vision loss and blindness in the world today, after cataract, glaucoma, and AMD. The major causes of corneal blindness include corneal ulceration, ocular trauma, bullous keratopathy, keratomalacia, corneal degenerations and dystrophies
Purpose: To know the proportion of different etiologies of corneal lesions leading to visual impairment and its demographic distribution.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive type of cross-sectional study carried out. 100 patients of >20 years age with corneal lesions and with only corneal lesions having best-corrected visual acuity less than 6/18 who attended the outpatient department of Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni were included. A detailed history of all study patients and best-corrected visual acuity was recorded. Clinical diagnosis of corneal lesions was done based on slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment and posterior segment examination.
Results: The majority of patients were in the middle age group that is 40-60 years, out of which 56% were males and 44% were females. Most of the patients were farmers by occupation (44%). Most of the patients had very poor vision that is 43% of patients had the only perception of light vision while 37% of patients had hand movement close to face vision. Ocular trauma (44%) and Infectious keratitis (27%) were the most common causes of corneal lesions
Conclusion: Ocular trauma and infectious keratitis from the major causes of corneal lesions leading to visual impairment in a rural areas. Continued assessment of the burden of corneal blindness with periodic review of trends may help to effectively plan preventive, promotive and rehabilitative blindness control strategies
Hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer – An observational study
Get PDFIntroduction: Radiotherapy plays an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer, but the rates of locoregional recurrence are high and survival is poor. Thus, there was an emergence of altered fractionation. The purpose of this study is to see the treatment overall response of Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced Head and Neck Cancer patients.
Material & Methods: This was an observational study conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni between September 2018 to September 2019. Fifteen histopathologies proved patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer received Hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) with concurrent chemotherapy. Patients received 6760cGy to 7260cGy in 66-70 fractions, 110cGy per fraction, 2 fractions per day with 6 hours gap over 7-8 weeks and weekly injection cisplatin 30 mg/m2.
Results: At the endpoint of 6 months which was the minimum follow up for all patients the overall response and complete response was 86.66% and 66.66% respectively. The complete response rate was 80% and 60% in Stage III and Stage IV patients respectively.
Conclusion: Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy gives good local control and improved overall response in locally advanced head and neck squamous cancer. However larger studies should be done to confirm the results
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF BREAST CARCINOMA IN UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR TEACHING HOSPITAL, CALABAR, SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in the female. Immunohistochemistry of breast cancer hormone receptor (ER and PR) and Her2 are very useful tools for assessing the tumor cells behavior and making choice of chemotherapy.
Aims and Objective: The study aimed to describe the immunohistochemical profiles of breast carcinoma at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar.
Method: This is a descriptive study of immunohistochemistry of breast carcinoma in UCTH using archival paraffin-embedded blocks of breast cancer tissue. The records of cases diagnosed as breast cancer in a five year period (2010-2014) in the department of Histopathology of UCTH are stained immunohistochemically for Oestrogen receptor(ER), Progesterone receptor(PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her2). The demographic variables and receptor status were collated and analyzed. The status is related to the histopathologic characteristics of tumor size, histologic grade, and histologic subtypes. The findings were presented in tables and charts and statistical significance of variables tested.
Result: One hundred and forty-seven (147) cases of breast cancer samples were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis was 46.31+/-12.75 years old. The age ranged from 21-80 years old, the modal and median ages were 40 and 45 years respectively. Sixty-four percent (64%) were estrogen receptor positive. Progesterone receptor positive was 40.14% and Her2 positive was 21.09%.
Conclusion: The majority of the breast cancer is estrogen receptor positive but progesterone receptor and Her2 receptor negative
NMDA ENCEFALITIS CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Get PDFEncephalitis has many causes, but for most patients, the cause still remains unknown. Worldwide, up to 85% of cases are of unknown cause, and there is concern about new and emerging triggers. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDA-R) encephalitis is an immunemediated syndrome that remains under-recognized despite a growing body of literature.[1,2] This syndrome has been predominantly described in young females with a constellation of symptoms, including personality changes, autonomic dysfunction, and neurologic decompensation. It is commonly associated with mature ovarian teratomas.[3] We describe the classic presentation of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis in a young woman, with antecedents in psychiatric disorders which is hospitalized in the Infectious Disease Hospital, UHC Mother Theresa with the admission diagnosis: Acute Viral Encephalitis. We reviewed the literature summarizing the differential diagnosis, investigative approach and therapeutic options related to this disorder[4,5]. We succeed to give good supportive care and involve multiple health disciplines. This case highlights the need for increased awareness and high diagnostic suspicion when approaching the patient with suspected viral encephalitis
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CANDIDA ALBICANS AND KOILOCYTES IN ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Get PDFFungal and viral infections especially Candida albicans and Koilocytes (Human papilloma virus altered cells) in premalignant and malignant lesions when compared to normal mucosa might indicate the contribution of these microorganisms in carcinogenesis.
Aim: To assess the frequency of Candida albicans and koilocytes in different oral lesions; to compare results with the Control group and to study the clinical significance of Candida infection and Koilocytes in different oral lesions.
Materials and method: Study was performed in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology after getting approval by the Ethical Committee of the institution. 30 patients for each of above mentioned clinically diagnosed lesions were randomly selected during 2008-2009. Control group of 30 patients {same for each lesion} was selected from patients who had to undergo minor oral surgical procedures. Smears were obtained from the selected site and were stained with PAS stain to check for presence or absence of Candida hyphae. Also, an incisional biopsy of the lesion was performed: one section was stained with H & E stain for koilocytes and other with PAS stain for presence or absence of Candidal hyphae.
Results: Incidence of Candida albicans positivity in smear was significantly higher in Oral squamous cell carcinoma group as compared to other groups (p<0.05). Presence of Koilocytes in these lesions was non- significant.
Conclusion: Linear relationship of Candida with the transformation of premalignant lesions and conditions to malignant lesions. Higher incidence of Koilocytes in premalignant and malignant lesions, when compared to normal mucosa, indicates the contribution of HPV viruses in carcinogenesis
EFFECTS OF EARLY PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION EXERCISES ON SENSORY- MOTOR RECOVERY OF UPPER EXTREMITY AND NEUROPLASTICITY IN THE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE STROKE
Get PDFBackground: After a stroke, 80% of patients experience acute paresis of the upper extremity. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a widely used rehabilitation concept, but many studies do not discuss its utility as a rehabilitative tool in acute stroke. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of early PNF exercises on the sensory-motor recovery of upper extremity and neuroplasticity in the patients with acute stroke.
Methods: Total 90 patients were enrolled and divided randomly into two groups, Group A (n= 41), - received PNF exercises and group B (n= 49), - received traditional exercises. Patients in group A were given PNF exercises for trunk, scapula and upper extremity 30 minutes twice daily, five days a week for four weeks and patients in group B were given traditional exercises for the same duration. Fugl- Meyer Scale was assessed for sensory-motor recovery and Arm Motor Ability test scores were assessed for functional activities of the upper extremity. To look for its effects on neuroplasticity, serum BDNF levels were assessed before and after the intervention.
Results: Group A showed more improvement than group B in motor scores (Upper Extremity portion of the Fugl- Meyer assessment, p =0.017) and functional activities of the upper extremity (AMAT, p=0.038). The sensory improvement was more in group A. There was no significant difference in pain and range of motion scores. No deformity and any adverse event noted in both groups after intervention. Serum BDNF levels showed better scores in Group A.
Conclusions: PNF exercises are efficient to improve the upper extremity function in acute stroke. Early implementation of PNF exercises promotes neuroplasticity in a better way
POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING EFFECTS OF PROPOFOL AND THIOPENTONE ANAESTHESIA AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY AND RECOVERY FROM IT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Get PDFPostoperative nausea, vomiting, retching and other emetic sequel were found to be the most prevalent cause of morbidity after anesthesia and surgery. Postoperative nausea and vomiting if become forceful can produce some very serious side effects like it can cause tension on suture line, can cause hypertension. Any effective clinical anesthetic which can lower or free from such side effects will certainly be the choice of anesthesia. Present study was also aimed to compare the score of emesis sequel and recovery of patients from anesthesia between the patients given with Propofol and conventional anesthetics (Thiopentone + Halothane). Total of 64 adult, ASA Grade I and II patients of either sex, scheduled for elective mini cholecystectomy were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups consisting 32 patients in each group. Group-I was given Propofol as anesthetic whereas the other Group-II received Thiopentone and Halothane. All the patients were observed for any emesis sequence and its protraction. Mean emesis score and score for the recovery from the anesthesia were recorded. Group of the patients given with Propofol showed more incidence of nausea (21.88%) when compared to Group-II (15.63%) in first 2 hrs, whereas later during 2-24 hrs it becomes more in Group-I (15.63) when comparison to Group-II (3.12%). Incidences of Retching and only Vomiting were found more in Group-I when compared to Group-II at every interval of observation. Also, it was reported that the overall recovery score was higher in case of patients anaesthetized with Propofol