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Pain management in intensive care unit: A brief review
Get PDFPain is a common and major public health problem. It is an unpleasant experience for all patients especially the critical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), where the majority of the patients are unable to report or express their pain. The adequate pain assessment and management results in a better outcome in ICU patients and if not treated properly, pain can have various acute and chronic adverse effects on the patient’s well-being including post-traumatic stress disorder. Various pain assessment tools including behavioral pain scales are used in ICU. Treatment of pain involves the role of a multidisciplinary team using various therapies to make the patient pain free and comfortable. The assessment of various factors like the conscious level of the patient, presence of mechanical ventilator and various invasive catheters, hemodynamic stability, and presence of organ dysfunction plays an important role in determining the therapeutic option to be used for the treatment of pain
Correlation of platelet cell indices with blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Type 2 Diabetes has been associated with glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, a procoagulant state and an increase in micro and macrovascular disease. Diabetics are at high risk for coronary artery disease. It has been proposed that the complications are a result of chronic hyperglycemia. The increased platelet activity is emphasized to play a role in the development of vascular complications of this metabolic disorder. Platelet volume, a marker of the platelet function and activation, is measured as mean platelet volume (MPV) by hematology analyzers. Diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing micro- and macrovascular disease, and platelets may be involved as a causative agent with respect to altered platelet morphology and function. Aims and
Objectives: To assess various platelet indices abnormalities in type 2 DM.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective casecontrol type of study that was conducted in Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni. (PRH) with a sample size of 190 (140 cases and 50 controls).
Results: The MPV in cases was 10.17 ±1.26 fL and in controls was 10.01 ±1.83fL (P<0.001 \u27S\u27). The PDW in cases was 11.86 ±2.33fL and in controls was 11.77 ±1.37fL (P<0.001\u27S\u27). The PCT in cases was 0.267 ±0.10 % and in controls was 0.231 ±0.01% (P<0.001 \u27S\u27
HEAD INJURIES FROM ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: OUTCOME IN THOSE WHO COULD NOT AFFORD COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN OF THE BRAIN
Get PDFBackground Due to limited resources some of our patients who had head injuries could not afford the cost of computerized tomography (CT) scan of the brain. Our center covers many rural areas populated by peasant farmers and petty traders. Many of them do not have the financial capacity to pay for CT scan. We tried to see what the functional outcome among these poor patients would look like using road traffic accident as an etiological prototype. Objectives To find out the functional outcome of patients who had head injuries from road traffic accident but could not afford brain CT scan.
Methods: It was a prospective study of patients who had head injuries from road traffic accident but could not afford CT scan of the brain. The study was carried out from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2017. Patients were resuscitated in accident and emergency using advanced trauma life support protocols. Patients were admitted into the wards and managed till discharged. Data were collected using structured proforma and analyzed with Environmental Performance Index (EPI) info 7 software.
Results: There were 155 patients. Males were 122. The age ranged from seven months to 75 years. The favorable functional outcome was 88.38%, while mortality was 11.61%. The outcome was affected by age and severity of injury
Conclusion: The outcome in these patients was good. It was affected by injury severity and age
KNOWLEDGE OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF CONTRACEPTIVES USE AMONG WOMEN IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis paper assessed the knowledge of preventive measures of contraceptives uses among women in Kwara State, Nigeria. A Proportional sampling procedure was used for 378 respondents between the ages of 20-44 in the selected Local Government Areas in Kwara State. The questionnaire was used to collect the data in this study and the demographic variables were analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution, statistics of mean and standard deviation. The hypotheses one were tested with chi-square statistics. Hypotheses two and three sought for differences among the age groups and marital status in their knowledge of preventive measures of contraceptives risks respectively; hence analysis of variance was used to know whether significant differences existed between knowledge and prevention. The result of the findings revealed that knowledge of preventive measures of contraceptives among women in Kwara state is high. On the basis of the findings, it was therefore recommended that health talks about preventive measures of contraceptives risks should be discussed during antenatal and postnatal clinics, women should also consider their health status and understand the risk involved in each method to take preventive measures
DIARRHEA IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Post-transplant diarrhea is a frequent complication of renal transplantation. Post-transplant diarrhea is associated with reduced quality of life1, hastened decline of graft function and higher mortality2. Diarrhea is often neglected by patients and clinicians and considered as a side effect of immunosuppressive regimens. The aim of this study is to identify the etiology, clinical profile, and outcome of diarrhea in renal transplant recipients.
Patients and Methods: Over 1-year period renal transplant recipients with diarrhea were analyzed. Diarrhea was defined as three or more semisolid or liquid stools per day for minimum of 3 days duration. After obtaining detailed history, patients were subjected to clinical examination. Blood samples were collected for biochemical investigations and stool samples for microbiological examination. We adopted DIDACT protocol for investigating the diarrheal episode in recipients3.
Results: A total of 46 patients were enrolled in this study. Males were predominant in number 36 (78.2%). This included 33 live related renal transplant recipients (LRRTR) and 13 deceased donor renal transplant recipients (DDRTR). The mean age of the patients was 33.2±9.12 years. A majority of them had diarrhea after 1 year of transplantation (n= 29, 63.1%). Infective causes were identified in 6 patients and optimization of immunosuppression’s was done in 11 patients.
Conclusion: In our study, most of the recipients (63.1%) had diarrhea after one year of renal transplantation. The cause of Diarrhea was unclear in a significant number (n=22) of the study population
Association between proinsulin and cardiovascular events
Get PDFAim: Coronary artery disease (CAD) still remains an important cause of death in spite of all advances in treatment. There are many risk factors for CAD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of of-of proinsulin on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in nondiabetic coronary artery disease.
Material & Method: Nondiabetic 38 (8 female, 30 male) patients diagnosed with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admitted to coronary ICU of Haseki Training and Investigation Hospital and 21 control cases (9 female, 12 male) without diabetes and any cardiovascular disease were included in the present study. Proinsulin and other biochemical parameters of the patients were recorded. Five years later, among patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), those who have recurring ACS and those who do not have were compared in terms of proinsulin and other biochemical parameters.
Results: There was no significant difference between acute coronary syndrome patients and controls with regard to proinsülin, Proinsulin /İnsulin ratio, and HOMA-IR values. However, a significant difference was found in age and glucose/insulin ratio. Respectively p=0.017, p=<0.001. After five years of follow up, significant difference was found between ACS patients who experienced cardiac event again and those who did not do so in terms of systolic blood pressure and proinsulin levels. Respectively p=0.013, p=0.031. No statistically significant difference was found in other parameters.
Conclusion: No significant difference was found between patients with ACS and control groups with respect to proinsulin levels. p=0.072. However, after five years of follow up, proinsulin levels were found to be high (p=0.031 )in the group who reexperienced cardiac events, suggesting that proinsulin may be a marker or risk factor of cardiovascular risk in the long term
A STUDY ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS AYURVEDIC PRODUCTS IN AHMEDABAD CITY
Get PDFIndian is a country where Ayurveda born. And expend its goodwill across the globe. Earlier Ayurveda was been used in India to cure illness and disease. As time changed, the business environment became more competitive for companies because of heavy competition in the market. Every Ayurvedic company wants to maximize the market share and want to have a maximum number of customers. In such a scenario, customers select Ayurvedic companies’ product very carefully and by analysis various aspect of marketing strategies. Current research work is an attempt to understand customers’ behavior towards the OTC Ayurvedic products in Ahmedabad city. For this, researchers have collected data through questionnaire and interpret it. Data findings elaborate on the various aspect of consumer Behavior towards Ayurvedic Products
Rush run on the classification system of class II malocclusion
Get PDFDifferent variants of malocclusion are evident which enables the clinicians or professionalists difficult to communicate with each other and concluding the treatment planning. Classification and labeling the malocclusion make the clinicians/ professionalists easier, faster, accurate to communicate between them. Standardization is needed in every topic of the discussion thus the objective of these studies reveals some of the standard classifications of class 2 malocclusion and describes the different forms of classification system available in this topic of discussion. Class 2 malocclusion is the commonest form of malocclusion after Class 1, thus the proposed skeletal, dental, functional classification gives a detailed accuracy on the determination of treatment planning
Thyrotoxicosis- Review
Get PDFThe thyroid hormone is the one the major hormone that regulates body metabolism, growth, reproduction, and neuronal development. One of the common presentations of thyroid dysfunction is thyrotoxicosis. Essentially, inappropriately higher amounts of circulating thyroid hormone results in excessive thyroid hormone action at the tissue level which is clinically manifested as Thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxicosis results from hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis dysfunction that results in excessive production of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism is a subset form of thyrotoxicosis wherein there is a high amount of production of thyroid hormone(s) by the thyroid. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism is 1.3% in the USA and occurs more commonly in the female population (2%) than the male population (0.2%) (Sharma and Stan 2019)
CAPACITY AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTION
Get PDFHealth is the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. Public health attempts to decipher what is going on within communities and determine how best to support their wellness efforts. Nevertheless, this cannot work without their input through decision making in a spirit of partnership. Hence the need to have a well-trained health workforce with practice experience on promoting as well as facilitating change in the communities. Our concern in this paper is that capacity building through health education and health promotion need to be in line with people-centered health principles