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Hemisection: A hope for the hopeless prognosis
Get PDFHemisection is an invasive procedure of conservative dentistry, dealing with the disengagement of a molar tooth at the furcation area leading to the simultaneous removal of diseased root and crown portion. The assured predictability and higher success rates make it one of the common procedures carried out in preservation of sound structure of a molar with healthy periodontium
Comparative analysis of microbial quality and safety of raw cow milk in Andassa Livestock Research Center and Dairy cooperatives in Bahir Dar city, Bahirdar, Ethiopia, 2018: Comparative analysis of microbial quality and safety of raw cow milk in Andassa Livestock Research Center and Dairy cooperatives in Bahir Dar city, Bahirdar, Ethiopia, 2018
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The comparison of effectiveness of different doses of fentanyl added to hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in emergency appendectomy: The comparison of effectiveness of different doses of fentanyl added to hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in emergency appendectomy
No full textIntroduction: General anesthesia is associated with greater risk from airway mishaps, gastric aspiration, and higher postoperative morbidity and mortality. Spinal anesthesia is similar to a nerve or plexus block method of eliminating pain sensation in a region of the body.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of intrathecally administered fentanyl on the onset and duration of hyperbaric bupivacaine-induced sensory and motor spinal block and to determine the most suitable dose combination of fentanyl to local anesthesia.
Methodology: 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study and randomly divided into 4 groups after obtaining informed written consent. Group A (3ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 0.6ml of normal saline), Group B (3ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 10µg of fentanyl (0.2ml) + 0.4ml of normal saline), Group C (3ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 20µg of fentanyl (0.4ml) + 0.2ml of normal saline) and Group D (3ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 30µg of fentanyl (0.6ml)). The patients were then assessed for onset and duration of sensory block, side effects (nausea, vomiting, shivering) along with post-operative pain.
Results: There was no significant difference in ASA and nausea/vomiting except in shivering, rescue analgesia, and pain-free period. The duration of the pain-free period was longer in Group D. Group A had the highest incidence of Nausea/vomiting. The Group C (2.22±2.11hrs) patients required a longer duration for sensory regression of two dermatomes whereas Group A (1.49±0.01hrs) had a shorter duration for sensory regression of two dermatomes.
Conclusion: Addition of fentanyl 10µg, 20µg, and 30µg to bupivacaine in the spinal block for appendectomy provided excellent surgical anesthesia, prolonged the duration of spinal anesthesia with lesser incidences of side effects
Frenectomy: Management By Electrosurgery - A Report Of Two Cases
Get PDFThe frenum is defined as a mucous membrane fold which attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. The frenum may hamper the gingival health if it is attached too closely to the gingival margin. The management of such an aberrant frenum is by performing a frenectomy/frenotomy. While performing frenectomy, conventional scalpel techniques have their own traditional drawbacks. To overcome them newer techniques like electrosurgery and lasers are increasingly used in routine periodontal practice. The present article is a report of two cases of frenectomy; first case is management of an aberrant maxillary labial frenum causing midline diastema and second case is management of an aberrant lingual frenum leading to complete ankyloglossia; both using electrosurgery. Electrosurgery has been defined as the intentional passage of high-frequency waveforms or currents through the tissues of the body to achieve a controllable surgical effect. Electrosurgery is a continuously evolving field with active research into various new applications
Dental extractions in patients on oral or intravenous bisphosphonate therapy: A clinical dilemma
Get PDFDental extraction has been touted to be a potential trigger for the onset of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). In this article, we carry out a comprehensive discussion on the pharmacology of bisphosphonates. This article also aims to assess and outline the pathogenesis of BRONJ, the outcome of dental extractions on patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy and to draw a protocol for its prevention and management
REPORT OF MEASLES OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION IN DAN MANAU COMMUNITY OF BAKURA LGA, ZAMFARA STATE, NORTHWEST NIGERIA
Get PDFBackground: Measles is a disease that belongs to the RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family paramyxoviridae, and its infection accounts for many deaths particularly in children.
Objective: The study’s aim to establish the existence of the measles outbreak at Dan Manau village in Bakura LGA, Zamfara State.
Methods: Both descriptive and analytical studies were used in the outbreak investigation. In the descriptive analysis a 2-tiered standard case definition (suspected and confirmed) were used: Suspected case: any person with fever and rash or any person in whom a clinician suspects measles Confirmed case: A suspected measles case that has serological confirmation test of recent measles virus infection using measles IgM antibodies ELISA method and had not received measles vaccination in the 30 days preceding the specimen collection.
Result: A total of 169 cases and 34 deaths were reported with Case Fertility Rate (CFR) of 20.1%. Male shows a high prevalence of 100 (59.1%) than female 69(40.9%). Most of the cases were less than 3 years old. The majority (85%) of the cases were < 5years old. It was also noted that (68%) of the cases were 0-36months old. Nevertheless, the age groups most affected were 13-24 months (26%). The occurrence of the cases peaked at week 10 with smaller peaks at weeks 6, 14, 16 and 19 respectively. Blood samples from 5valunteer suspected cases were analyzed using Enzymes Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Serological tests of the above samples were conducted at the WHO accredited laboratory in Kaduna State reveal 3 positive IgM out 5 with a prevalence of 3(60%) Vaccination with one dose of measles vaccine was lower among the positive cases 38(39%) than the Negative cases 68(68%). Although the odd of this association was less than 1, it was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Measles outbreak is still a common occurrence during the hot session in most communities with poor utilization of routine immunization services. The impact on the community morbidity and mortality rates is high due to some factors like delay in reporting, inadequate local response capacity, weak surveillance system, and weak laboratory services
Multifaceted Telmisartan: Candidate for new therapeutic approaches
Get PDFTelmisartan is an Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers (ARBs), that is highly selective for the AT1 receptor and has a long duration of action because of its long terminal elimination half-life1. Telmisartan is considered to be the most potent member of the sartan group because, in addition to AT1R blockade, it strongly activates the antiinflammatory nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ
Outcomes of closed reduction and percutaneous K-Wire fixation versus conventional plaster cast immobilization in the treatment of extra-articular fracture distal end of radius
Get PDFIntroduction: Fracture of the distal end of the radius is among the commonest skeletal injury with diverse treatment options. There is no clear consensus on functional outcomes about diverse treatment options.
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of reduction and compare the functional outcome between closed reduction supplemental percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation and conventional plaster cast immobilization for treatment of fracture distal end of the radius.
Methodology: 60 patients with the distal end of radius fracture were selected and divided into two groups, group A (K-wire group): Patients with closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation combined with plaster cast and group B (Cast group): Patients with closed reduction and conventional plaster cast immobilization randomly.
Results: All patients in the cast group showed signs of clinical union compared to the k-wire group (96.66%) at 6 weeks. Meanwhile, all patients showed signs of both clinical and radiological union at the subsequent 12 weeks follow up. Patients in both groups showed a progressive decrease in disability scores.
Conclusion: Group treated with k wire was more comfortable during the treatment period with less complication as compared to that of the cast group and had better functionality as well as the anatomical outcome. Regardless of the cost, we recommend K- wire fixation overcast application in the treatment of extra-articular distal end radius fracture
Association of Obesity with Knee Joint Osteoarthritis in Females at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Get PDFBackground: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability, with knee OA being the most common manifestation. Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of knee OA, particularly in females. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and knee OA in females at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included 130 female patients aged 45-70 years who were diagnosed with knee OA. Participants were categorized based on their BMI into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. A comprehensive medical history was taken, including family history of OA, menopausal status, and knee symptoms. A physical examination was performed to assess knee deformities, joint swelling, and quadriceps strength. The clinical diagnosis of knee OA was confirmed using established criteria, including knee pain, crepitus, and morning stiffness. Results: The study found a significant relationship between higher BMI and increased prevalence of knee OA. The obese group had the highest proportion of knee OA cases, followed by the overweight group. Additionally, symptoms such as knee pain, morning stiffness, and joint swelling were more prevalent among obese individuals. The association between obesity and knee OA was further supported by a strong family history of OA and a higher incidence of physical limitations, such as difficulty climbing stairs and performing daily activities. Conclusion: This study supports the growing body of evidence linking obesity with knee OA in females. Both mechanical overload and systemic inflammation due to excess weight contribute significantly to the development and progression of knee OA. Weight management and increased physical activity are crucial strategies for the prevention and management of knee OA. Future research should focus on long-term studies to explore the effects of obesity on knee joint health and evaluate targeted interventions
AN Unusual case of osteoblastoma in an elderly female: A case report and a review
No full textOsteoblastomas are a rare entity encountered as benign osseous tumor with propensity of occurence towards the vertebral column and long bones. Commonly occurs in young middle aged males with mandible as a site of predilection in facial skeleton. Differential diagnosis of osteoblastoma holds a challenge in attaining a final diagnosis. Osteoid osteoma, cementoblastoma, osteosarcoma, aggressive fibrous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma share a similar clinical behavior, radiological and histological behavior. This article aims to report a case of osteoblastoma of an aggressive variety appearing in maxilla. It aims to gain a better understanding of clinical, histological, radiological and differential diagnosis of osteoblastoma. A review of English language literature 2006 revealed 43 previously reported cases of osteoblastoma appearing in maxilla and mandible since 1967. 16 cases including this one is added to the previous well documented review of literature by Jones where he included additional 24 cases to the previously reported 43 cases. Brief discussion and review on treatment modalities are analysed