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SYNTHESIS, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME SCHIFF BASES DERIVATIVES
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to synthesize and evaluate the biological activities of four Schiff base compounds derived from the condensation of benzaldehyde and selected amine derivatives, with a focus on determining their anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal potentials. Method: Four compounds—namely compound 1 [(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methanimine], compound 2 [(E)-4-(((6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol], compound 3 [(E)-5-((2-methylbenzylidene)amino)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione], and compound 4 [(E)-5-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione]—were synthesized and subjected to in vitro screening. Results: Compound 1 exhibited the strongest anticancer activity, outperforming the other derivatives. Compounds 1 and 2 showed pronounced antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, while compound 4 demonstrated activity against Escherichia coli. Compounds 3 and 4 also displayed significant antifungal inhibition against Candida albicans. Novelty: The study identifies specific structure–activity relationships among newly synthesized Schiff bases, highlighting distinct bioactive profiles and offering promising lead compounds for future therapeutic development
STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION THROUGH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to explore the strategy for improving the quality of education through transformational leadership in Islamic educational institutions, addressing challenges such as limited principal training, insufficient teacher competence in technology-based teaching methods, and cultural barriers. Method: The research adopts a library research approach, utilizing scientific journal articles and relevant research reports as data sources. Results: The findings reveal that (1) transformational leadership enhances educational quality by inspiring and motivating teachers and students. Principals act as role models, provide a clear vision, and create an environment that fosters innovation in learning. (2) Strategies for developing educational quality include continuous teacher training, inclusive evaluation processes, and collaboration with parents and the community. Principals focus on professional development, creating a supportive educational ecosystem, and leveraging transformational leadership to achieve better educational outcomes. (3) Transformational leadership positively impacts teacher motivation and performance by offering personal and professional support, fostering a culture of appreciation and innovation, which ultimately enhances teaching quality and educational outcomes. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive strategy for implementing transformational leadership tailored to Islamic educational institutions, addressing cultural and contextual challenges to improve educational quality
THE POLITICIZATION OF THE JUDICIARY DURING ZIA-UL-HAQ’S ERA: A PATH TO LEGITIMACY
Full text linkObjective: This study investigates the role of the judiciary during General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq’s military regime (1977–1988), focusing on how judicial institutions were instrumentalised to legitimise authoritarian rule, suppress political opposition, and implement an Islamisation agenda. Method: Employing a qualitative historical-analytical approach, the research critically analyses primary legal documents, constitutional amendments, and landmark court judgments from the Zia era, complemented by secondary scholarly sources. Results: The findings reveal a strategic transformation of Pakistan's judiciary from an independent body into an apparatus serving executive interests. Courts were co-opted through structural changes and doctrinal shifts, such as the validation of martial law under the doctrine of necessity and the endorsement of Islamisation policies, which aligned judicial functions with the regime’s ideological objectives. Novelty: This study contributes original insight into the systematic erosion of judicial autonomy under military rule in Pakistan, highlighting the judiciary’s complicity in legitimising undemocratic governance. By tracing this transformation, the research offers a foundational context for understanding contemporary challenges to judicial independence and civil-military relations in Pakistan’s constitutional development
INNOVATIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES THROUGH EMOTIONAL APPROACHES ENHANCE THE LEARNING INTEREST OF SDN BALEDONO 2 STUDENTS
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to explore and analyze the effectiveness of innovative learning strategies integrated with an emotional approach in enhancing elementary school students' interest in learning at SDN Baledono 2. Method: A qualitative research method with a descriptive approach was employed to assess the implementation of the Community Service Program by students from Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation analysis to examine the impact of these strategies on student engagement. Results: The findings indicate a notable increase in students' enthusiasm for learning following the implementation of interactive and emotionally engaging teaching methods. The structured learning interventions successfully fostered a more dynamic and student-centered classroom environment, leading to improved participation and motivation. Novelty: This study highlights the integration of emotional engagement within innovative pedagogy as a key factor in revitalizing student interest in learning. The insights gained provide valuable recommendations for educators and future community service programs to enhance the quality of elementary education through emotionally responsive teaching strategies. Future research should explore scalable models for implementing similar approaches in diverse educational settings to ensure broader applicability and long-term impact
OPTIMIZATION OF LAND UTILIZATION AS A PHOTO SPOT: STUDENT ENGAGEMENT INITIATIVE IN ENHANCING TOURISM AT KALLWA COFFEE
Full text linkObjective: This project explores the involvement of students from Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo in optimizing land use as photo spots at Kallwa Coffee. By designing photo spots intelligently, land that may have previously been overlooked can be optimized for tourism purposes. Areas with strong visual potential can be transformed into attractive photo spots. The aim of this research is to enhance tourism appeal by engaging students in the planning, development, and promotion of the destination.. Method: The research methods include field surveys, collaboration with local communities, and active student involvement. Results: The results indicate that student involvement is effective in creating appealing photo spots, raising public awareness, and supporting the growth of tourism at Kallwa Coffee. Novelty: The photo spots at Kallwa Coffee are not merely aesthetic elements but also serve as a key strategy in enhancing the branding of Kallwa Coffee
OPTIMIZING LOCAL COFFEE POTENTIAL IN TUTUR DISTRICT THROUGH COFFEE FESTIVAL AND FARMERS EMPOWERMENT
Full text linkObjective: Program Festival Kopi dan Pemberdayaan Petani di Kecamatan Tutur bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan potensi industri kopi lokal melalui berbagai kegiatan strategis. Acara Festival Kopi menjadi platform untuk memperkenalkan kopi lokal kepada pasar yang lebih luas dan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan nilai-nilai kopi lokal. Selain itu, program pemberdayaan petani melalui pelatihan teknik budidaya, pengolahan pasca panen, dan strategi pemasaran bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi kopi, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi petani. Method: Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus, melibatkan observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumentasi. Results: Hasil dari program ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam produksi kopi berkualitas tinggi dan penguatan hubungan antara pelaku industri kopi lokal dengan masyarakat dan konsumen. Dampak positifnya meliputi peningkatan pendapatan petani, pengembangan modal sosial dalam bentuk jaringan kerjasama, serta peningkatan apresiasi terhadap warisan budaya dan lingkungan. Namun demikian, perlu diperhatikan pula dampak negatif seperti manajemen limbah dan risiko komersialisasi berlebihan terhadap budaya lokal. Novelty: Kesimpulannya, program ini memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam mengembangkan potensi kopi lokal sebagai salah satu strategi untuk pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan di Kecamatan Tutur
INNOVATION TRENDS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS THERAPY DEVELOPMENT: MOLECULAR APPROACHES, IMMUNOTHERAPY, AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Full text linkObjective: This study explores the latest advancements in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy, focusing on molecular approaches, immunotherapy, and drug delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficacy and personalization. Method: A systematic review of scientific literature and bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify molecular subgroups of RA and assess the effectiveness of innovative drug delivery systems, including pH-sensitive hydrogels and transfersomal formulations. Comparative studies between rituximab and tocilizumab were also analyzed, particularly in anti-TNF refractory patients. Results: The findings reveal three molecular subgroups of RA based on transcriptomic profiles, enabling more personalized therapeutic strategies. Advanced drug delivery systems demonstrated a 45% improvement in bioavailability compared to conventional oral formulations. Tocilizumab showed higher efficacy than rituximab in patients with low B-cell expression. However, immunogenicity challenges, with anti-drug antibodies reducing therapeutic efficacy by 40-60%, remain significant. Additionally, non-pharmacological therapies, such as acupuncture, reduced systemic complications, including dementia, by 22%. Novelty: This study highlights the importance of personalized RA treatment based on molecular profiling and introduces innovative drug delivery systems, marking a pivotal shift toward more effective and individualized therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on more precise biomarker identification and tailored therapeutic approaches for distinct molecular subgroups
THE EFFECT OF THE TOKEN ECONOMY METHOD ON REDUCING ONLINE GAME ADDICTION BEHAVIOR IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT: SINGLE SUBJECT RESEARCH
Full text linkObjective: Therefore, the purpose of this study aims to determine the effect of token economy techniques to reduce the duration of gaming behavior in adolescents. Method: The method used is quantitative quasi single subject experiment with single subject research design. This study uses ABA methods and instruments using duration recording. the research subject is a 13-year-old male adolescent who shows addictive behavior playing online games, lack of interest in socializing. The data collection technique uses purposive sampling and data analysis using analysis in conditions and analysis between conditions. The token economy technique is applied by giving stickers when adolescents reduce the duration of playing according to the conditions and collected to be exchanged for prizes. Results: The results showed that this method succeeded in reducing adolescents' gaming duration from 6-12 hours to 2-3 hours after treatment. Novelty: This study applies a token economy technique using a sticker-reward system to reduce gaming duration in adolescents within an ABA single-subject design, targeting not only gaming behavior but also underlying social disengagement patterns—an approach not widely implemented in prior similar behavioral interventions
A STUDY OF IRAQI SECONDARY STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD PEER FEEDBACK
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to explore the attitudes of Iraqi high school students toward peer feedback in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Method: Using a quantitative research design, this study surveyed 59 male high school students in Najaf City, Iraq, to understand their perceptions of peer feedback. Results: The results indicate that students generally have positive attitudes toward peer feedback, finding it beneficial for improving their writing skills and motivating them to learn. However, students also expressed concerns about their ability to provide accurate feedback due to a lack of confidence in their grammatical knowledge. These findings suggest that while peer feedback is a useful tool in EFL classrooms, students may require additional training and support to fully benefit from it. Novelty: The study contributes to the broader discourse on feedback in education by highlighting the importance of cultural and contextual factors in implementing peer feedback practices
PREVENTIVE EFFORTS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN'S DENTAL HEALTH THROUGH STRUCTURED COUNSELING AND CLINICAL EXAMINATION IN BABADAN VILLAGE
Full text linkObjective: This community service program aimed to improve pregnant women’s oral health literacy through a structured educational and clinical intervention in Babadan Village, Ngancar District, Kediri Regency. Poor oral health during pregnancy has been associated with complications such as premature birth and low birth weight, yet awareness and access to dental care remain limited, especially in rural areas. This initiative responded to the high prevalence of untreated dental conditions and the persistence of local myths discouraging pregnant women from seeking dental treatment. Method: The intervention adopted a quantitative pre-experimental design, utilizing pre-test and post-test evaluations to measure knowledge change among participants. Educational sessions were conducted using culturally adapted visual media, combining lectures, discussions, and demonstrations to address the participants’ knowledge gaps. Clinical examinations followed, carried out by certified dentists in accordance with WHO diagnostic standards, to identify the prevalence of dental issues such as caries and gingivitis. Post-test assessments were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational approach. Results: Findings demonstrated a significant increase in average knowledge scores—from 55 before the intervention to 85 afterward—highlighting the success of the communication strategies and community-centered approach. Moreover, early indications of behavioral change were observed, such as participants expressing intent to seek routine dental care and adopt proper brushing techniques. This program not only addressed immediate health education needs but also laid a foundation for sustained improvements in maternal oral health practices. Novelty: This intervention model is scalable and adaptable for similar rural contexts, underscoring the critical role of health education in preventive maternal care and community empowerment