SUVAG Polyclinic Repository
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“Rhythmical stimulations” and early speech and language intervention
No full textRitmičke stimulacije su terapijski postupak proizašao iz spoja logopedske struke, verbotonalne metode i Labanove teorije pokreta. U Poliklinici SUVAG ritmičke stimulacije provodi logoped-ritmičar na Odsjeku za govorne poremećaje. Analizirajući broj, kronološku dob i logopedske dijagnoze sve djece uključene na ritmičke stimulacije u travnju 2006. godine, izdvojen je uzorak djece mlađe od 4 godine s nedovoljno razvijenim govorom i jezikom u odnosu na kronološku dob. Djeca su analizirana u odnosu na kronološku dob, anamnestičke podatke, uključenost djece u ostale oblike terapije, dosadašnje trajanje terapije i preporuke za daljnje postupke. Navedeni su i organizacijski problemi rada s malom djecom te posebno istaknuta potreba iznalaženja načina za što ranijom edukacijom roditelja
i odgojitelja i što pristupačnije savjetovanje, praćenje i terapiju djece nedovoljno razvijenog govora i jezika.“Rhythmical stimulations” is a therapeutic procedure where speech and language therapy, the Verbo-tonal method and the Laban movement theory are used to achieve better verbal and communication skills. In the Polyclinic SUVAG, the “rhythmical stimulations” procedure is conducted by a Speech and Language Pathologist who has also a degree in the “Rhythm and Body Movement”, and works in the Speech and Language Disorders
Department. When examining the number and chronological age of all children engaged in the “rhythmical stimulations” in April 2006, the author focused on a sample of children with language impairments under the age of 4 and he analysed their speech and language
diagnosis. While creating the sample, the following data were used: chronological age, certain anamnesis data, and the engagement in other types of therapy, the duration of therapy and the recommendations for future therapy. The need for early education of
parents and caregivers in kindergartens is also emphasized and within this program, we specifically stress the need for early consulting, monitoring and direct therapy of young children with delayed speech and language development
Speech Motor Skills in Children Who Stutter
No full textGovorna izvedba rezultat je kako kapaciteta samog sustava, tako i/ili govornih vještina koje su usvojene tijekom vremena. Koncept vještina smatra se temeljnim obilježjem motoričke produkcije čiji razvoj možemo promatrati na kontinuumu koji se proteže od kognitivnog stadija do stadija automatske izvedbe. Rezultati različitih studija pokazali su da se osobe koje mucaju razlikuju od osoba urednog govora u kinematskim, orofacijalnim negovornim i govornim zadacima. Ovakvi rezultati ostavljaju mjesta sumnji da se osobe koje mucaju nalaze na slabijem rubu kontinuuma te da postoji određena disfunkcija unutar kortikalnih i subkortikalnih područja motoričkog kontrolnog sustava koja se ne odnosi samo na govorno motoričko ponašanje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ustanoviti odnos između govorno-motoričkih varijabli i trajanja mucanja s jedne strane i sastavnica Instrumenta za procjenu jakosti mucanja s druge.
Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da djeca koja mucaju postižu slabije rezultate u dijadohokinetičkim zadacima od djece kontrolne skupine. Na varijablama tranzicije drugog formanta i glasovnog tremora djeca, koja mucaju nisu se statistički značajno razlikovala od kontrolne skupine.Speech performance could be the result of either the capacity of the system itself and/or the speech skills which have been learned over a period of time. Skills concept is considered as a fundamental characteristic of motor production whose development can be seen as a continuum covering stages from cognitive stages to an automatic performance. Results of different studies have revealed that individuals who stutter differ from persons with normal speech production regarding the kinematic, orofacial nonspeech and speech tasks. Such results lead us to have doubts that individuals who stutter are more toward the weak margin of the speech motor skill continuum and that there is dysfunction within the cortical and subcortical areas of the motor control system that does not relate to speech motor behavior alone. The purpose of this investigation was to explore speech motor skills in children who stutter and to find out if there is a correlation between motor speech tasks and duration of stuttering on one hand and the subtests of Riley Instrument for stuttering severity on the other. Results showed that children who stutter achieved poorer results regarding speech-motor control (diadochokinesis) than control group. There were not statistically significant difference between groups on F2 transition and voice tremor variables
Ispitivanje učinka glazbe na ponašanje i kreativnost učenika s teškoćama u razvoju
No full textPoliklinika SUVAG je zdravstvena ustanova za dijagnostiku i rehabilitaciju slušanja i
govora. Polaznici rehabilitacije i edukacije su djeca koja imaju dijagnosticiran poremećaj
govorne komunikacije uglavnom zbog oštećenja sluha i/ili govora. U Poliklinici SUVAG
glazbene stimulacije kao i stimulacije pokretom su u funkciji razvoja svih komponenata
govora. Glazbene stimulacije sa svojim postupcima, koje su filogenetski i ontogenetski bliže
ljudskom biću nego sam govor, potiču bržu percepciju, čistoću i strukturiranje govornih
formi. Ovo izlaganje ukazuje na još dva primjera korištenja glazbe u radu s djecom u
Poliklinici SUVAG. Prvi je ispitivanje učinka glazbe u rješavanju konfliktne situacije između
učenika u uvjetima dramatizacije. Ispitivan je utjecaj glazbe na intenzitet, tempo i intonaciju
govora, mimiku lica, geste, govorni ritam, pauzu, govornu agresiju i prepoznavanje
stvarnog konteksta. Drugi primjer je uporaba glazbe na nastavi likovne kulture gdje se
učenike potiče da povezuju auditivni i vizualni doživljaj. Cilj ovakve uporabe glazbe je
poticanje kreativnosti i divergentnog mišljenja kod učenika ali, prije svega, kvalitetnija i
potpunija percepcija svijeta koji ih okružuje
Spatial Profiles of Correlation in Spike Timing to Broadband Noise Across Auditory Nerve Fibers
No full textThe cat auditory nerve (AN) contains ~50000 neurons innervating ~2500 inner hair cells across the cochlear basilar membrane. We are interested in the extent to which these neurons carry correlated temporal patterns, which depends on both the acoustic stimuli and intrinsic properties of the auditory periphery. Due to cochlear filtering, even Gaussian broadband noise – for which adjacent frequencies have random phase – can produce correlated responses in fibers originating from nearby cochlear positions. We studied the spatial profile and extent over which correlated responses to broadband noise are found in the AN. Neural responses to repeated presentations of a single token of broadband noise presented at 50 dB and 70 dB SPL were obtained from all fibers encountered in a given nerve. Spike trains from each fiber (“reference fiber”) were compared with spike trains of all other fibers (“test fibers”) in order to obtain normalized same-stimulus cross-correlograms (SCC). Cochlear positions of fibers were estimated from their characteristic frequency (CF) of the neural tuning curve. As reported earlier (Joris et al., 2006), such SCCs show maxima at delays that depend on the distance between cochlear positions of the two fibers. We measured correlation in two ways: a) as the height of the largest peak of the SCC and b) as the SCC value at zero delay. The spatial correlational profiles were quantified either as the full-width at the half maximum (FWHM or “half-width”) or as the correlation area under the spatial profile. The observed spatial profiles show broad regions of correlation of 2-3 millimeters centered on the reference fiber, at all CFs. The half-width of the magnitude of correlation is surprisingly invariant with cochlear position, particularly when measured at a delay of 0 ms. The correlation area, which provides a more global measure of level of correlation (“correlation energy”), clearly decreases towards the base, reflecting the gradual decline of temporal coding with increasing CF. The results indicate that 1) spatial profiles are narrower in shape when the range of delays is restricted to 0 ms, compared to when it is unconstrained ; and 2) a 20 dB increase in stimulus level is not accompanied by a broadening in extent of across-fiber correlations, despite the known broadening in cochlear filter shape. These findings suggest that if the central nervous system has monaural delays available to compare timing across fibers of different CFs at different delays, the spatial bandwidth of correlation is broader than when such delays are not available
Verbotonalna metoda u radu s roditeljima djece sa slušnim oštećenjima
No full textRano djetinjstvo i predškolsko doba predstavlja veliku ekspanziju djetetovog kognitivnog i emocionalnog razvoja. Uloga roditelja do sedme godine života smatra se značajnom i predstavlja temelj daljnjeg djetetova razvoja. Kod djece s oštećenjem sluha i govorno-jezičnog razvoja uloga roditelja u tom ranom razvoju igra još značajniju ulogu. Napori koje dijete mora poduzeti na području slušne percepcije i govornog razvoja, zahtijevaju intenzivnu emocionalnu potporu roditelja. Dijete koje ne dobiva optimalnu podršku svojih roditelja neće iskoristiti sve svoje resurse za razvoj. U našoj praksi ne rijetko uočavamo povezanost slabijih rezultata u habilitaciji i roditelja koji ne funkcioniraju kao kompetentni roditelji, nisu u mogućnosti dati djeci optimalnu podršku. Razlozi za to mogu biti mnogobrojni i nisu lako uočljivi. Utjecaj obiteljskog okruženja na rezultate habilitacije djece sa slušnim deficitima može biti pozitivan sa poticajnim učinkom na habilitaciju, ali može i ometati djetetovu rehabilitaciju. Iz prakse uočavamo da roditelji djece sa slušnim oštećenjima žive pod intenzivnim stresom. Uzrok je često i u neriješenoj traumi na koju se nadovezuju ostale životne teškoće. Naime, svaki roditelj očekuje roditi zdravo dijete. Spoznaja da je dijete nagluho ili gluho predstavlja traumatsku situaciju. Ukoliko roditelj nije integrirao te emocije, one su stalni, nevidljivi kamen spoticanja u relaciji roditelj-dijete. Svi ti problemi fokusiraju im pažnju na negativne aspekte njihove životne pozicije. Zbog toga ne mogu djelovati konstruktivno i zadovoljavati, niti vlastite, niti djetetove emocionalne potrebe. Intelektualne funkcije (ego funkcije), pa tako i govor ne mogu se adekvatno razvijati ako dijete nije na pravi način emocionalno gratificirano od majke, a poslije treće godine i od oca. Rad s roditeljima ima za cilj podići razinu kompetencije i osjećaj zadovoljstva kod roditelja što stvara povoljnu pozadinu za habilitaciju djece. Roditelji su tada i bolji suradnici u habilitaciji, imaju više strpljenja za zahtjeve i raste im osjećaj samopouzdanja i roditeljske kompetencije. Verbotonalna metoda akademika prof. dr. sc. Petra Guberine aktivira preostale resurse djeteta, koristeći sve osjetilne sisteme, a sve sa ciljem habilitacije sluha i govora, a isto koristimo u grupnom i individualnom radu s roditeljima
Hearing History Influences Voice Gender Perceptual Performance in Cochlear Implant Users
No full textThe study was carried out to assess the role that five hearing history variables (chronological age, age at onset of deafness, age of first cochlear implant [CI] activation, duration of CI use, and duration of known deafness) play in the ability of CI users to identify speaker gender. Forty-one juvenile CI users participated in two voice gender identification tasks. In a fixed, single-interval task, subjects listened to a single speech item from one of 20 adult male or 20 adult female speakers and had to identify speaker gender. In an adaptive speech-based voice gender discrimination task with the fundamental frequency difference between the voices as the adaptive parameter, subjects listened to a pair of speech items presented in sequential order, one of which was always spoken by an adult female and the other by an adult male. Subjects had to identify the speech item spoken by the female voice. Correlation and regression analyses between perceptual scores in the two tasks and the hearing history variables were performed. Subjects fell into three performance groups: (1) those who could distinguish voice gender in both tasks, (2) those who could distinguish voice gender in the adaptive but not the fixed task, and (3) those who could not distinguish voice gender in either task. Gender identification performance for single voices in the fixed task was significantly and negatively related to the duration of deafness before cochlear implantation (shorter deafness yielded better performance), whereas performance in the adaptive task was weakly but significantly related to age at first activation of the CI device, with earlier activations yielding better scores. The existence of a group of subjects able to perform adaptive discrimination but unable to identify the gender of singly presented voices demonstrates the potential dissociability of the skills required for these two tasks, suggesting that duration of deafness and age of cochlear implantation could have dissociable effects on the development of different skills required by CI users to identify speaker gender
Do cochlear implants provide spectral envelope cues for voice gender identification?
No full textThe spectral envelope of human speech contains information on gender of the speaker, reflecting differences in the vocal tract lengths of male and female. It is not clear whether cochlear implants (CI), which have reduced spectral resolution compared to unimpaired human hearing, are able to transmit spectral envelope cues from speech sounds and whether CI users can make effective use of them. A juvenile population of 41 CI users was tested using naturalistic short speech segments spoken by a variety of speakers. Stimulus output patterns of each CI device in response to vocalic /a/ segments of the speech items were also recorded and analyzed for the presence of spectral envelope cues. A majority of recorded CI devices preserved spectral envelope cues to voice gender, but subjects who were able to identify gender correctly did not appear to utilize spectral envelope information for gender identification. Future research will be required to show the possibility to train CI users to utilize spectral envelope information, and why they tend to not to use it in spite of daily exposure
Verbotonalna metoda i nove tehnologije u Poliklinici SUVAG
No full textMnoga djeca s teškoćama učenja kao i s teškoćama slušnog procesiranja imaju lošije razvijene vještine fonološke diskriminacije kao i slušanje u nepovoljnijim uvjetima (reverberacija, buka i sl.) iako im je stanje perifernog sluha u potpunosti uredno. Teškoće filtriranja govorne poruke od pozadinske buke dodatno otežavaju proces usvajanja nastavnog gradiva. Upravo stoga, svrha ovog istraživanja bila je ispitati učinak EduLinka kod uredno čujuće djece s teškoćama iz spektra auditivnog procesiranja uključene u kompleksnu rehabilitaciju u Poliklinici SUVAG. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 18 djece predškolske dobi kojoj su dijagnosticirani poremećaji jezično-govornog razvoja. Učinak EduLinka promatran je u razdoblju od šest
mjeseci njegove uporabe za vrijeme grupne rehabilitacije. Kontrolnu skupinu činila su djeca izjednačena po dobi i spolu, uključena također u kompleksnu rehabilitaciju prema načelima verbotonalne metode. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na pozitivne posljedice dnevne uporabe
uređaja kod djece s govorno-jezičnim teškoćama u kombinaciji s individualnom logopedskom terapijom i posebnim verbotonalnim metodološkim postupcima (stimulacije pokretom i glazbene stimulacije)
Voice gender perception by cochlear implantees
No full textGender identification of human voices was studied in a juvenile population of cochlear implant (CI) users exposed to naturalistic speech stimuli from 20 male and 20 female speakers using two different voice gender perception tasks. Stimulus output patterns were recorded from each individual CI for each stimulus, and features related to voice fundamental frequency and spectral envelope were extracted from these electrical output signals to evaluate the relationship between implant output and behavioral performance. In spite of the fact that temporal and place cues of similar quality were produced by all CI devices, only about half of the subjects were able to label male and female voices correctly. Participants showed evidence of using available temporal cues, but showed no evidence of using place cues. The implants produced a consistent and novel cue to voice gender that participants did not appear to utilize. A subgroup of participants could discriminate male and female voices when two contrasting voices were presented in succession, but were unable to identify gender when voices were singly presented. It is suggested that the nature of long-term auditory categorical memories needs to be studied in more detail in these individuals
The influence of the rhytm discrimination skill on phonological awareness
No full textResearches that study the interconnections of musical and speech processing are as important theoretically as they are clinically. Encouraging the development of musical skills through various rhythmical games in education and in therapy, is an important factor in the development of prereading skills. The connection of music and language skills on a cognitive and neural level has not yet been fully explained. Since this study has shown that the skill of rhythm discrimination is associated with the development of phonological awareness, we consider it a small contribution to a large body of existing research that could explain the background of these processes