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FARMERS’ SATISFACTION ON THE ADVISORY SERVICES OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
Get PDFA Dissertation
Submitted to the faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM
SEMESTER: JANUARY-JUNE 2021Agricultural advisory services have a tremendous potential to improve agricultural
productivity and increase farmers‘ income through transfer and facilitation of
knowledge, skills and technologies. Assessing farmers‘ satisfaction on agricultural
advisory services is essential for developing agricultural extension programs that
comply with farmers‘ needs. This study sought to assess farmers‘ satisfaction on
the advisory services of Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), to describe
the selected predictors of the farmers related to their satisfaction, to explore the
contribution of the selected predictors of the farmers to their satisfaction on DAE
advisory services to identify the areas for improvement. To measure farmers‘
satisfaction a scale was developed based on 35 items of satisfaction (25 on
Technical services and 10 on Functional services of DAE). Data were collected
from randomly selected 358 farmers from eight (8) upazillas of four (4) regions
(Dhaka, Khulna, Sylhet and Rajshahi) of Bangladesh by using a pre-tested
interview schedule during the period of 1
st
August, 2021 to 30
th
November, 2021.
Descriptive statistics and step wise multiple regression, path analysis were used to
analyze the data obtained. Findings indicated that majority (79.1%) of the farmers
had medium satisfaction on overall satisfaction of the advisory services of DAE.
Farmers also had medium satisfaction on both technical (74.6%) and functional
(82.7%) services of DAE. Out of 35 items of satisfaction farmers were highly
satisfied on five (05) items, moderately satisfied on 24 items and low satisfied on
six (06) items. Step wise multiple regression analysis indicated that farmers‘
extension contact, innovativeness, farming experience and education had
significant contribution to their satisfaction on the advisory services of DAE. The
standardized regression co-efficient of these four (4) variables formed the equation
and were significant. It might be assumed that whatever contribution was there, it
was due to these four (04) variables that combinedly explained 28.1 percent of the
total variation. Path analysis indicated that out of these four (04) contributory
predictors of the farmers extension contact (0.933) had the highest total indirect
effect followed by innovativeness (0.821), education (0.214) and farming
experience (0.09) on farmers‘ satisfaction on advisory services of DAE. The
indirect effects of each of these four (04) variables were channeled through other
three variables. Attempt was taken to seek suggestions from the farmers to
improve their satisfaction on DAE Advisory services. DAE need to address the
low and moderate satisfied items to increase the satisfaction of the farmers as
suggested by them
QUANTIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS AND RELATED HEALTH RISKS THROUGH CONSUMPTION OF DIFFERENT FOODSTUFFS COLLECTED FROM FIVE DIFFERENT MARKETPLACES OF DHAKA CITY
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Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Chemistry
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRYThis study was designed to determine the concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) status in
commonly consumed foodstuffs such as, various parts of boiler and cock chicken
(breast meat, leg meat, bone, liver, and brain), as well as some common foods (egg
albumin, yolk, raw rice, black gram, fine and coarse lentil) collected from five
different marketplaces of Dhaka city and to assess potential human health risks
through the consumption of those foodstuffs. A total of 70 food samples were
analyzed for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Mn, and Cd contents by an atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. The contents of Cu, Pb, and Cd, were found in most of the
analyzed foodstuff samples that exceeded the FAO/WHO maximum allowable
concentration (MAC) value. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for all heavy metals
was below the corresponding maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The
incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values of Cd in egg, rice, black gram, coarse,
and fine lentil samples exceeded the threshold limit (ILCR > 10
ii
−4
) for both adults and
children, indicating lifetime cancer risk due to the consumption of contaminated
foods. Although the threshold limit (ILCR > 10
−4
) for selected body parts of both
boiler and cock chicken was lower except bone sample. The target hazard quotient
(THQ) of each heavy metal was THQ
1.0 was observed in rice and coarse lentil samples for Fe, Pb, and Cd, indicating that
consumers have potential non-cancer risk when exposed to a single heavy metal.
However, hazard index (HI) values of heavy metals were greater than one in
contaminated rice and coarse lentil for adults and children. Meanwhile, rice and
coarse lentil samples for children emerged as potential health risks for inhabitants in
the studied areas. Among the individual metals, Cu was the most dominant metal
present in different foodstuffs collected from different marketplaces of Dhaka city and
contributed to significant risk to the people
EFFECT OF HOUSEHOLD ORGANIC WASTE COMPOST ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF INDIAN SPINACH (Basella alba L.)
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
AGROFORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
SEMESTER: JANUARY-JUNE, 2021Household organic waste (HOW) can be managed in an environmentally feasible
way by preparing compost and using them to produce organic vegetables for family
consumption in kitchen yard or rooftop garden. So, a pot experiment was conducted
in the field laboratory of the Department of Agroforestry and Environmental
Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, from March 18 to
May 17, 2020 to observe the effect of household organic waste compost on the
growth and yield of Indian spinach (Basella alba L.) under five different treatments
1. T0: only the field soil ; 2. T1: 20% of HOW compost and soil; 3 T2: 40% of HOW
compost and soil; 4. T3: 50% of HOW compost and soil; and 5. T4: Recommended
dose of fertilizer in completely randomized design with three replications. The
results showed significant positive influence of HOW compost which were
increased plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight resulting
in higher yield. Treatment T4 showed highest fresh weight and stem length which
are expected attributes in commercial large scale cultivation. Among the three HOW
compost treatments T3 showed highest fresh weight, dry weight, leaf number and
stem length. So treatment T3 is preferable for organic cultivation in the homestead
or in the rooftop garden
EFFICACY OF HERBAL PRODUCTS (NEEM + MORINGA) ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE QUAIL
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Submitted to the Department of Poultry Science
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
POULTRY SCIENCE
SEMESTER: JANUARY- JUNE, 2021The study evaluated the comparative efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and
Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder on the productive performance, health status
and egg quality of commercial layer Japanese quail. A total of 27-day-old 160
Japanese quails were reared in Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka.
Birds were divided randomly into 5 experimental groups of 4 replications and each
replication contains 8 birds. These groups were allotted to five treatment
designated as
T
1
, T
2
, T
3
, T
4
and T
5
Groups. T
1
was offered basal diet without any supplementation
and served as a control. Whereas, group T
2
,T
3
,T
4
and T
5
were offered
basal feed
supplemented with Antibiotic, Neem + moringa – 1.2%, Neem + moringa – 1.0% and
Neem + moringa – 0.75%, respectively. The results showed that the weekly feed
consumption, live body weight, egg production by number and weight and %
HDEP
were highest in T
5
(Neem + moringa – 0.75%) and at the end of 7
week it were
(1.672±0.132, 1400
a
±8.20, 572
a
±2.60, 49.75
a
±2.287 and 86.90
a
±3.30, respectively)
compared to control and other treatments. Again, T
5
(Neem + moringa – 0.75%)
showed lowest FCR (2.900
b
±0.108 at 7
th
week) whereas T
4
(Neem + moringa – 1.0%)
gave highest (3.525
a
±0.269 at 7
th
week). Similarly, T
4
(Neem + moringa – 1.0%)
showed highest survivability (100%) whereas the least (94.00
b
th
±3.50) was from T
2
(Antibiotic). Regarding quality parameters of egg, the highest shape index, albumen
index and yolk index, was found from T
4
(Neem + moringa – 1.0%), T
3
(Neem +
moringa – 1.2%) and T
2
(Antibiotic), respectively whereas T
2
(Antibiotic) showed
higher haugh unit (93.77±1.163) and T
4
(Neem + moringa – 1.0%) showed higher yolk
color fan (4.50±0.102) and T
1
(control) gave higher shell thickness (0.22±0.012). In
conclusion, it can be said that T
can positively affect the productive and health status
of broiler. In case of economic return, the highest gross return (Tk. 263.00), net return
5
(Tk. 67.50) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (1.35) was
recorded from supplementation
treatment T
5
(Neem + moringa – 0.75%) whereas T
2 (Antibiotic) treatment gave
lowest gross return (Tk. 247.00), net return (Tk. 48.50) and BCR (1.24)
GROWTH AND YIELD OF SCENTED RICE AS AFFECTED BY CLIPPING MANAGEMENT
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Submitted to the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRONOMYThe experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during
the period from July to December 2019 to investigate the growth and yield of scented
rice as affected by clipping management. The experiment consisted of two factors,
Factor A: Seedling top clipping (3) viz: S
0
= Control (no clipping), S
1
=1/3
clipping and
S
2
= 1/2
nd
clipping and Factor B: Leaf clipping before panicle initiation (5) viz: L
=
Control (no clipping), L
1
= Lower 1
st
& 2
nd
leaves, L
2
= Lower 2
nd
& 3
=
Lower 3
rd
& 4
th
leaves and L
4
= Flag leaf. The experiment was laid out in split plot
design with three replications. The test crop variety was BRRI dhan80. Data were
recorded on growth, yield attributes and yield of aromatic rice and significant variation
either individually or combined was observed for most of the studied characters.
Results revealed that in respect of seedling top clipping the maximum effective tillers
hill
-1
(12.68), panicle length (25.31 cm), filled grains panicle
-1
(176.58), total grains
panicle
-1
(200.39), 1000 grains weight (23.89 g), grain yield (4.07 t ha
), straw yield
(7.76 t ha
-1
), biological yield (11.83 t ha
-1
) and harvest index (34.34 %) were recorded
from S
1
(1/3
rd
seedling clipping) treatment. In respect of leaf clipping the maximum
effective tillers hill
-1
(13.43), panicle length (26.12 cm), filled grains panicle
(190.95),
total grains panicle
-1
(208.73), 1000 grains weight (25.21 g), grain yield (4.08 t ha
),
straw yield (7.89 t ha
-1
), biological yield (11.97 t ha
-1
) and harvest index (34.04 %) were
recorded from L
0
rd
rd
-1
(No leaf clipping) treatment. In case of combined effect, 1/3
seedling clipping (S
1
) along with no leaf clipping (L
0
leaves, L
3
-1
) treatment combination (S
)
had maximum effective tillers hill
-1
(14.68), panicle length (27.19 cm), filled grains
panicle
-1
(206.07), total grains panicle
-1
(221.42), 1000 grains weight (26.24 g), grain
yield (4.52 t ha
-1
), biological yield (12.56 t ha
-1
) and harvest index (36.11 %) from S
treatment combination. The corresponding lowest grain yield (3.28 t ha
) was recorded
from 1/2
nd
seedling clipping (S
2
) along with flag leaf clipping (L
) treatment
combination (
EFFECT OF LEAD TOXICITY ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF RICE
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRICULTURAL BOTANYLead toxicity adversely affects the growth and development of rice plants. An
experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of lead (Pb) stress on morphological,
physiological and yield performance of rice plant (Oryza sativa L. cv. BRRI dhan29
and cv. BRRI dhan58). The experiment was carried out at the net house of the
Department of Agricultural Botany and Plant Physiology Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla
Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in Boro season during the period from
December, 2020 to May 2021. To know the effects of different lead levels on the
morphological, physiological and yield performance of rice plant. The double factor
experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three
replications and the differences between the means were evaluated by Least Significant
Difference (LSD). In this experiment, the treatments consisted of control and three
different lead levels viz. Pb
0
= without lead (0 mM PbSO
4
, Lead(II) sulfate), Pb
1
= 2 mM
PbSO
4
, Pb
2
= 4 mM PbSO
4
, Pb
3
= 6 mM PbSO
4
and two different variety viz. V
1
= BRRI
dhan29, V
2
= BRRI dhan58. The lead treatments were applied at 15 days after
transplanting (DAT). The results showed that the no. of non-effective tillers, proline
content, no. of unfilled spikelets panicle
-1
increased under Pb toxicity. Lead stress
decreased the morphological parameters (plant height, no. of tillers, leaf area) and the
values of physiological (MSI%, RWC%, SPAD value, dry weights) attributes in both
rice cultivars. Root, shoot, leaf dry weights, and TDM also decreased in both rice
cultivars under Pb stress. Yield attributes (panicle length, no. of effective, no. of filled
and 1000 grain wt.) and yield (grain yield) parameters were reduced significantly (P ≤
0.05) under lead stress condition. The loss of grain yield for rice variety 1/BRRI dhan29
due to Pb
1,
Pb
2
and Pb
3
level of lead was 15.43%, 35.24% and 48.72% respectively over
non-lead stressed control. The loss of grain yield for rice variety 2/BRRI dhan58 due to
Pb
1,
Pb
2
and Pb
3
level of lead was 11.82%, 26.88% and 39.02% respectively over nonlead
stressed control. Therefore, it can be concluded Pb-induced toxic effect on
morphological and physiological parameters can cause substantial damage of different
rice cultivars which can adversely affect yield attributes of rice plant that ultimately
decrease the yield of different rice cultivars
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF MANIKGANJ DISTRICT
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agribusiness Management Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY STUDIESSugarcane is second in terms of cash crops and third in terms of key crops in the
agricultural sector. The main objective of this research was to determine the
profitability of sugarcane production. The district of Manikganj was chosen for the
research due to its considerable sugarcane production. Through an interview schedule,
data were gathered from 100 sample farmers using a simple random sampling
approach. After analyzing the data, it was determined that the net return is Tk.
338936.00. Average total cost of sugarcane was estimated to be Tk. 211050.80 per
hectare. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) for sugarcane production was determined to be
2.61. While the regression coefficients for cost of MoP and cost of gypsum were all
positive, the coefficients for cost of TSP and cost of cow dung were all negative and
significant at various levels of significance. The human labor cost, cost of setts, cost
of urea, cost of zinc, irrigation cost and pesticide cost were determined to be
insignificant in relation to the return on sugarcane production. As a result, it was
discovered that sugarcane production was very lucrative. Additionally, this research
highlighted a number of problems and constrains related with sugarcane production.
These were inadequate capitals, lack of proper knowledge, high price of input, low
product price, labor scarcity in the peak period, delay payment of taka, theft of
sugarcane and top cutting
PERFORMANCE OF WHITE MAIZE ON EARTHING UP UNDER VARYING LEVELS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION
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The Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRONOMYA field experiment was conducted at Sher-e Bangla Agricultural University in Agronomy farm
during kharif season, March-June 2021, in order to find out the effect of different levels of
earthing up and fertilizer application on the performance of white maize variety. Three levels
of earthing up viz., E
0
= no earthing up, E
1
= earthing up at 25 days after sowing, E
2
= earthing
up at 25 days after sowing + earthing up at 50 DAS and four levels of fertilizer application viz.,
F
1
= 50% of recommended dose, F
2
= 75% of recommended dose, F
3
=100% of recommended
dose and F
4
=125% of recommended dose were need in this study. The experiment was
conducted in split-plot design with three replications. In case of earthing up, the highest plant
height (202.92, 223.50 and 215.71 cm), base circumference plant
-1
(5.77, 6.92 and 7.67 cm),
leaf area index (1.80, 2.52, and 3.54), dry weight plant
-1
(42.58, 90.50 and 129.07 g), cob length
plant
-1
(19.35 cm), cob circumference plant
-1
(13.39 cm), grain weight cob
(95.38 g), cob
weight plant
-1
(113.78 g), number of grains cob
-1
(375.06), highest 1000 grains weight (156.23
g), grain yield (8.07 t ha
-1
), stover yield (10.09 t ha
-1
), biological yield (18.16 t ha
), harvest
index (44.38 %) was observed in the E
2
treatment respectively. In case of fertilizer application,
experimental result revealed that the highest plant height (207.00, 228.56 and 215.78), base
circumference plant
-1
(5.66, 7.17 and 7.56 cm), leaf area index (1.89, 2.52 and 3.76), dry
matter weight plant
-1
(43.24, 91.50 and 127.74 g), cob length plant
-1
(19.65 cm), cob
circumference plant
-1
(14.17 cm), grain weight cob
-1
(105.83 g), cob weight plant
(126.08 g),
number of grains cob
1
-1
-1
(396.67), weight of 1000 grain weight (160.98 g), grain yield (8.49 t ha
), stover yield (10.33 t ha
-1
), biological yield (18.82 t ha
-1
) and harvest index in this
experiment (45.09 %) was observed in F
4
(125%) treatment at 40, 80 DAS and at harvest,
respectively . In case of combined effect, the highest data was observed from plant height
(210.00, 236.67 and 219.83 cm), leaf area index (1.33, 1.78, and 2.33), dry weight plant
(45.69, 98.83, and 138.52 g) and maximum grain yield (8.98 t ha
-1
-1
-1
) and yield attributes in E
2
treatment at 40, 80 DAS and at harvest, respectively and suitable for grain production as
compared to other treatment combination. But the yield of E
1
F
4
and E
2
F
4
did not significantly
differ. The treatment E
0
F
1
had the lowest grain yield (5.33 t ha
-1
) along with showing lower
values in plant parameters in different growth stages
NFLUENCE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)
Get PDFA Thesis Submitted to
The Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRONOMYA field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
during the period from November 2020 to March 2021 in Rabi season, to study the
influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield attributes and yield of
sunflower. The experiment consisted of two factors, and followed split plot design
with three replications. Factor A: Organic manure (3) viz: OM
0
: Control (without
manure), OM
1
: Cowdung 10 t ha
ii
-1
, OM
2
: Vermicompost 5 t ha
-1
and Factor B:
Inorganic fertilizer (4) viz: F
0
= Control (without fertilizer), F
1
= 50% RDF, F
2
= 75%
RDF and F
3
= RDF. Experimental result revealed that different organic and inorganic
fertilizers significantly influenced the growth, yield and yield attributing parameters
of sunflower. In case of different organic fertilizers, cowdung 10 t ha
)
treatment gave the highest plant height, dry weight per plant, SPAD value at different
days after sowing, head diameter (12.35 cm), seeds head
-1
(401.67), 1000-seed weight
(63.87 g), seed yield (2.13 t ha
1
-1
), biological yield (7.15 t ha
-1
-1
(OM
1
), stover yield (5.02 t ha
) and harvest index (28.39 %). Whereas the lowest seed yield (1.56 t ha
) was
recorded from OM
0
as control. However, in case of different levels of inorganic
fertilizers, the highest seed yield (2.19 t ha
-1
) was recorded in RDF (F
3
) treatment
which was due to enhanced yield attributes like head diameter (12.63 cm), seeds head
1
(422.78) and 1000-seed weight (64.54 g) but F
2
(75% of RDF) treatment also
showed statistically similar result with F
3
treatment. In case of combination, cow dung
10 t ha
-1
along with RDF (OM
1
F
3
) performed best in respect of growth and yield
attributes and yield parameters, like head diameter (13.71 cm), seeds head
(453.33)
and 1000-seed weight (66.84 g), leading to the maximum seed yield (2.19 t ha
),
biological yield (8.18 t ha
-1
), stover yield (5.71 t ha
-1
) and harvest index (30.2 %) than
compared to other treatment combinations but OM
1
F
2
(cowdung 10 t ha
along with
75% of RDF) was statistically at par with OM
1
F
3
in respect of yield and yield
attributes parameter. Therefore, it may be suggested that application of cowdung 10 t
ha
-1
along with 75% RDF (OM
1
F
2
) would help to plant growth and increase its ability
to enhanced better yield of sunflower
MORPHOMETRIC DETECTION OF DIFFERENT FRUIT FLY COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT MANGO GROWING REGIONS OF BANGLADESH
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Submitted to the Department of Entomology
Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
ENTOMOLOGYThe experiment was conducted at the farmer’s orchard of Dinajpur and Thakurgaon
districts during the period from April to June 2020 for morphometric detection of
mango fruit fly collected from different mango growing regions of Bangladesh. Five
locations of Dinajpur and Thakurgaon districts was selected and surveyed for
collection of Mango fruit fly. The samples were used in detecting the morphometric
similarities/dissimilarities at the Entomology Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla
Agricultural University for further testing. The location for collection of the samples
in Dinajpur were Biral, Bochagonj, Kaharole, Fulbari and Khanshama and in
Thakurgaon were Sadar, Pirganj, Ranisankail, Baliadangi and Haripur. Data were
collected on wing, head, thorax and abdomen of fruit flies and further study was
ensured. The fruit fly samples were collected at different location of Dinajpur and
Thakurgaon districts of Bangladesh using pheromone trap (methyl-eugenol) at mango
field. Four different species were identified using stereomicroscope. The name of the
fruit flies were Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), melon fruit fly (Zeugodacus
cucurbitae), pumpkin fruit fly (Zeugodacus tau) and peach fruit fly (Bactrocera
zonata). 85.41% of oriental fruit flies were found in pheromone trap which was the
highest number of fruit fly in mango field. However, 2.44 % of peach fruit fly were
identified which was the lowest number. Moreover, 8.81% and 3.34% percent of
melon fruit fly and pumpkin fruit fly were collected from pheromone trap
respectively. Therefore, numbers of oriental fruit fly were highest compare to other
fruit fly. The highest infestations were observed at Dinajpur district compared to
Thakurgaon district in mango orchard. Dinajpur district Oriental fruit fly was larger
compare to Thakurgaon district Oriental fruit flies were smaller. Therefore, Dinajpur
district Melon fruit fly was prominent compare to other district and melon fruit fly
were larger compare to Oriental fruit fly