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Modulating reactive oxygen species and ion homeostasis for combined salt and cadmium stress tolerance in Brassica campestris: The role of beneficial microbes
No full textThe land areas and crop species adversely impacted by salinity and heavy metals are growing rapidly. Current
research indicates that plant growth-promoting microorganisms offer an environmentally friendly option for
improving physiological and biochemical processes in plants growing under stress conditions. The aim of the
present study was to investigate the potential mitigation of simultaneous salinity and cadmium (Cd) stress in
rapeseed (Brassica campestris cv. BARI Sarisha-17) by the application of pirillum sp. (Az), phosphate solubilizing
bacteria
(PSB),
potassium
mobilizing
bacteria
(KMB),
and
vesicular
arbuscular
mycorrhiza
(VAM).
Seeds
were
treated with PSB or KMB prior to sowing, whereas Az, PSB, KMB, or VAM were added as supplements
during soil preparation. At 21 days after sowing, the plants were treated with a combination of salt (100 mM
NaCl) and Cd (0.25 mM CdCl
), with several applications at 7-day intervals. The combination of salt and Cd
stress decreased plant growth and biomass, relative water content, and photosynthetic pigment levels, while also
increased electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Salt
and Cd stress also impaired plant ion balances of sodium, potassium and nitrate, antioxidant defenses, and
glyoxalase system activity. Application of Az, PSB, or KMB restored these parameters to unstressed levels by
facilitating the scavenging of ROS, maintaining water status, restoring ion balances, enhancing plant antioxidant
defenses, and increasing glyoxalase enzyme activity, while reducing methylglyoxal toxicity and improving
photosynthetic activity. The application of KMB was the most effective; however, all microbe supplementations
showed the ability to alleviate the damage caused by stress in rapeseed. These findings highlight the ability of
soil microorganisms with plant growth-promoting properties to improve the physiological and biochemical
functions of rapeseed under Cd and salt stress
Detection of Clostridium perfringens in full cream pasteurized cow milk in Dhaka city
No full textThe Clostridium perfringens causes food poisoning in men and animals. Pasteurized full
cream cows’ milk samples (n = 100) were collected from Dhaka North City Corporation
(DNCC) in Bangladesh between July 2022 and June 2023. One sample showed the
characteristic properties of C. perfringens in Dhanmondi area of DNCC in winter season.
Hygienic management should be followed during processing of milk for human
consumption. (Bang. vet. 2024. Vol. 41, No. 1 – 2, 7 – 12
EVALUATION OF MAIZE HYBRID IN MULTI-LOCATIONAL TRIAL USING GGE BIPLOT AND AMMI MODEL
No full textThis study was executed to assess the twenty-one single cross maize hybrids with three local checks
(BHM-12, BHM-13 and BHM-14) in five locations of Bangladesh for its adaptability and stability
and also to study the genotypes and environment interaction. Yield data of twenty-four maize hybrids
was analyzed through the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and GGE
biplot methods. Considering the grain yield, bi~1 and S2 di~0 value, it was observed that G10 and G16
were the higher yielding and suitable across the environments. On the other hand, G20 and G14 were
higher yielding but were responsive to favorable environments. Among the five locations, the
environment of Hathazari was the poorest, whereas Barishal and Dinajpur were the most favorable
environments for maize production. When hybrids were compared with ideal genotypes, it was
observed that G14, G16, G10, and G20 were closed to the ideal genotypes so that they can be more
desirable than other tested hybrids. The AMMI biplot indicated that G24, G16, G13, G17 and G14
were positioned adjacent to the biplot’s origin which indicated their stability in performance across
environments. Finally, stability analysis with the help of GGE and AMMI statistics identified two
hybrids G14 and G16 that could be used as reference for future crop improvement program
Thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall) Infestation in Mung Bean: Integrated Control with Chemical and Neem-based Insecticides
No full textThisstudyaimedtomanagethrips(MegalurothripsusitatusBagnall)infestationinmungbeanfieldsandevaluatetheefficacyofdifferentchemicalinsecticidesandneemoil.Theexperiment,conductedatSher-e-BanglaAgriculturalUniversity,BangladeshfromMarchtoMay2020,employedarandomizedcompleteblockdesign(RCBD)withtentreatments,includingDecis5EC,Original Research Articl
Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis, Anaplasma ovis, and Rickettsia spp. in Rhipicephalus turanicus and Hyalomma anatolicum Collected from Sheep in Southern Xinjiang, China
No full textThe Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) borders eight countries and has a complex geographic environment. There are almost 45.696 million herded sheep in Xinjiang, which occupies 13.80% of China's sheep farming industry. However, there is a scarcity of reports investigating the role of sheep or ticks in Xinjiang in transmitting tick-borne diseases (TBDs). A total of 894 ticks (298 tick pools) were collected from sheep in southern Xinjiang. Out of the 298 tick pools investigated in this study, Rhipicephalus turanicus (Rh. turanicus) and Hyalomma anatolicum (H. anatolicum) were identified through morphological and molecular sequencing. In the southern part of Xinjiang, 142 (47.65%), 86 (28.86%), and 60 (20.13%) tick pools were positive for Rickettsia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp., respectively. Interestingly, the infection rate of Rickettsia spp. (73%, 35.10%, and 28.56-41.64%) was higher in Rh. turanicus pools than in H. anatolicum pools (4%, 4.44%, and 0.10-8.79%) in this study. Fifty-one tick pools were found to harbor two pathogens, while nineteen tick pools were detected to have the three pathogens. Our findings indicate the presence of Rickettsia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. potentially transmitted by H. anatolicum and Rh. turanicus in sheep in southern Xinjiang, China
Unraveling the mechanisms of biochar and steel slag in alleviating lithium stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants via modulation of antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification pathways
No full textWith progress in technology, soaring demand for lithium (Li) has led to its release into the environment. This study demonstrated the mitigation of the adverse effects of Li stress on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by the application of waste materials, namely coconut shell biochar (CBC) and steel slag (SS). To explore the impact of Li treatment on tomato plants different morphological, biochemical parameters and plant defense system were analyzed. Tomato plants exposed to Li had shorter roots and shoots, lower biomass and relative water contents, and showed decreases in physiological variables, as well as increases in electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. However, the application of CBC and SS as passivators, either singly or in combination, increased growth variables of tomato and relieved Li-induced oxidative stress responses. The combined CBC and SS amendments reduced Li accumulation 82 and 90% in tomato roots and shoots, respectively, thereby minimizing the negative impacts of Li. Antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, APX and GR reflected 4, 5, 30, and 52% and glyoxalase enzymes I and II 7 and 250% enhancement in presence of both CBC and SS in Li treated soil, with a concurrent decrease in methylglyoxal content. Lithium treatment triggered oxidative stress, increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels, and induced the synthesis of thiols and phytochelatins in roots and shoots. Hence, co-amendment with CBC and SS protected tomato plants from Li-induced oxidative damage by increasing antioxidant defenses and glyoxalase system activity. Both CBC, generated from agricultural waste, and SS, an industrial waste, are environmentally benign, safe, economical, and non-hazardous materials that can be easily applied on a large scale for crop production in Li-polluted soils. The present findings highlight the novel reutilization of waste materials as renewable assets to overcome soil Li problems and emphasize the conversion of waste into wealth and its potential for practical applications
Quantification of heavy metals in wild gravid female mud crab (Scylla olivacea) collected from different rivers of Sundarbans mangrove region
No full textHeavy metals pollution is one of our major problems in Sundarbans mangrove zone as we all their surrounding rivers. The presence of industrial development in the nearby areas of coastal and marine aquacultures sites are the cause of heavy metals pollution. The aim of the research was to quantify heavy metals in gravid female mud crabs (Scylla olivacea) in three different rivers of Sundarbans region. Mud crabs and their surrounding water and soil sediments were collected from Mongla, Kholpetua, and Kopotakkho rivers. Analysis of river water was conducted in the laboratory of Shiva Analyticals (India) Private Limited, India, whereas live mud crabs and sediment samples were analyzed from Quality Control Laboratory (QCL), Khulna, Bangladesh for the quantification of heavy metals. The results showed that the heavy metals As, Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb were detected in mud crabs and their surrounding river water and sediments, but the concentration of heavy metals in mud crabs was remains below the limit of human’s consumptions except the heavy metal Chromium (Cr). Maximum concentration of heavy metals was detected Kopotakkho river followed by Mongla and Kholpetua river. The concentration of heavy metals was highest in soil sediments followed by mud crabs and river waters. Mud crabs were contaminated by heavy metals that bioaccumulated from their surrounding sediments and water sources. The hierarchy of mean concentrations (mg/kg) of the heavy metals were Pb>As>Cr>Pb>Hg. Heavy metals are carcinogenic for human consumption when exceeded their permissible levels. It is urgent to stop pollution in Sundarbans mangrove zone and led to serve healthy foods for the nations
Growth, Phenology and Yield Attributes of A White Maize Genotype Sauwmopmdt273 Under Different Planting Configurations
No full textA field experiment was carried out at the agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, during the period from July to October, 2018 with fifteen planting configurations viz., T1 (40 cm × 15 cm), T2 (40 cm × 20 cm), T3 (40 cm × 25 cm), T4 (45 cm × 15 cm), T5 (45 cm × 20 cm), T6 (45 cm × 25 cm), T7 (50 cm × 15 cm), T8 (50 cm × 20 cm), T9 (50 cm × 25 cm), T10 (55 cm × 15 cm), T11 (55 cm × 20 cm), T12 (55 cm × 25 cm), T13 (60 cm × 15 cm), T14 (60 cm × 20 cm), and T15 (60 cm × 25 cm) to study the growth, phenology, yield attributes and yield of a white maize genotype SAUWMOPMDT273. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Regarding growth and yield parameters, the treatment 60 cm × 25 cm showed significantly the maximum plant height, tassel length and leaf area at silking, grain filling and at harvest. The highest area of an individual leaf 477.9, 879.3, and 496.3 cm2 as well as stem dry matter weight of 28.73, 21.35, and 27.40 g plant-1 respectively, below cob-node, at cob-node and above the cob-node during silking obtained from treatment 60 cm × 25 cm. The treatment 55 cm × 25 cm showed maximum biological yield (14.64 t ha−1) and 60 cm × 20 cm showed significantly the highest cob length (15.94 cm) and number of grains row−1 (20.00), but the highest number of grains cob−1 (231.50), 100 seed weight (29.99 g), grain weight cob−1 (59.81 g) were recorded from 55 cm × 25 cm. Sparser configuration (60×20 cm) requiring less seed rate, this configuration may be followed
EFFECTSOFSOWINGDATEANDCUTTINGMANAGEMENTONTHEGRAINANDFODDERYIELDOFBARLEY
No full textCereal crops need to be grown for dual purpose to overcome continuous food and feed shortage. Sowing date and cutting management both are important to obtain the balanced fodder and grain simultaneously. To address the issue, the field experiment was conducted at agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the effect of optimum sowing date and cutting management on the plant growth, green fodder and grain yield of barley. Five sowing times viz., 30 October, 15 November, 30 November, 15 December and 30 December and four cutting management viz., uncut, cutting at Zadoks growth stage, ZGS 19, cutting at ZGS29 and ZGS31 were used. Results of the present study revealed that early sowing time, 30 October gave significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, effective tiller, fertile spikelet, spike length, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and green fodder yield under both uncut (control) and cut conditions. Cutting of barley for green fodder had reduced significantly all growth parameters, yield attributes and yield compared to uncut barley. Among cutting schedules, minimum and maximum reduction in growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were recorded with cutting of fodder at ZGS19 (vegetative growth stage) and ZGS31 (stem elongation stage), respectively compared to uncut. However, cutting of barley for fodder purpose at ZGS29 (tillering stage) was found in a balance between green fodder and grain yield simultaneously. Therefore, the study suggested that early sowing (30 October) can compensate the reduction in barley yield due to cutting for fodder purpose and cutting at maximum tillering stage (ZGS29) can balance having optimum grain and green fodder simultaneously
Detailed characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)
No full textBackground The oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus (family Carcharhinidae) is one of the largest sharks inhabiting
all tropical
and subtropical
oceanic regions.
Due to
their
life
history
traits
and mortality
attributed
to
pelagic longline
ishing
practices,
this
species is experiencing
substantial
population decline. Currently,
C.
longimanus
is considered
by
the
IUCN
Red
List
of Threatened
Species as “vulnerable”
throughout
its range
and “critically
endangered”
in the
western
north
Atlantic.
This
study
sequences
and
describes
the
complete
mitochondrial
genome
of
C.
longimanus
in
detail.
Methods
and results
The mitochondrial genome of C. longimanus was assembled through next-generation sequencing and
then analyzed using specialized bioinformatics tools. The circular, double-stranded AT-rich mitogenome of C. longimanus
is 16,704 bp long and contains 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein coding genes and a 1,065 bp long control region
(CR). Out of the 22 tRNA genes, only one (tRNA-Ser1) lacked a typical ‘cloverleaf’ secondary structure. The prevalence of
TTA (Leu), ATT (Ile) and CTA (Leu) codons in the PCGs likely contributes to the AT-rich nature of this mitogenome. In the
CR, ten microsatellites were detected but no tandem repeats were found. Stem-and-loop secondary structures were common
along the entire length of the CR. Ka/Ks values estimated for all PCGs were < 1, indicating that all the PCGs experience
purifying selection. A phylomitogenomic analysis based on translated PCGs conirms the sister relationship between C.
longimanus and C. obscurus. The analysis did not support the monophyly of the genus Carcharhinus.
Conclusions The assembled mitochondrial genome of this pelagic shark can provide insight into the phylogenetic relationships
in
the
genus
Carcharhinus
and
aid
conservation
and
management
eforts
in
the
Central
Paciic
Ocea