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Qualitative and quantitative parameters analyses of buffalo ovaries
No full textBuffalo ovaries were collected from abattoirs in Dhaka city. During collection, left and right ovaries were identified and recorded. After processing, the ovaries were categorized as (i) ovaries without corpus luteum (CL) and (ii) ovaries with corpus luteum (CL). Ovaries were then evaluated based on length (cm), width (cm), weight (g), total number of follicles on the surface of each category of ovaries, number of follicles aspirated, and total number of cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs). The experiment's findings indicated variations in the parameters related to the left and right ovarian categories. The CL% (27.12±0.11%) found highest in the right compared to the left (3.24±0.11%). The length (cm), width (cm), and weight (g) (2.75±0.06, 2.17±0.05, 4.74±0.13) were found significantly (p<0.01) higher in the right ovaries compared to left (2.27±0.06, 1.77±0.05, 3.90±0.13). The number of follicles in total and number of follicles aspirated were found significantly (p<0.01) higher (6.35±0.16 & 5.47±0.16) in the left ovaries compared to right (6.16±0.16 & 4.18±0.16). The number of normal COCs and total COCs was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the left ovaries (0.98±0.134 & 1.57±0.17) compared to right (0.84±0.16 & 1.54±0.17). The abnormal COCs were significantly (p<0.01) higher in the right ovaries (0.75±0.107) compared to left (0.57±0.107). Regarding ovarian categories; (76.47±0.01%) showed ovaries without CL, whereas (23.53±0.01%) showed ovaries with CL. The weight (g) was found significantly (p<0.01) higher in ovaries with CL (4.73±0.12) compared to ovaries without CL (4.36±0.12). The number of follicles in total and aspirated were found significantly (p<0.01) higher in ovaries without CL (7.60±0.14 & 5.28 ±0.14) compared to ovaries with CL (4.29±0.14 & 2.29±0.14). Regarding the number of total COCs, ovaries without CL showed a significantly (p<0.01) higher number of total COCs (1.41±0.11) compared to ovaries with CL (1.17±0.11), where the number of normal and abnormal COCs (0.55±0.01 & 0.86±0.03) were found significantly (p<0.01) higher in ovary without CL compared to the ovary with CL (0.5±0.01 & 0.54±0.03). Finally, it can be concluded that the left and ovaries without CL contain more follicles in total and aspirated and normal COCs. Thus, the left and ovaries without CL are best for collecting quality COCs in buffaloes. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2024: 125-13
Constraints Faced by Rural Women in Changing Livelihoods in Bangladesh: A Study on the Impact of Microcredit through PDBF
No full textThe main purpose of the study is to determine the extent of the constraints faced by the women beneficiaries of Palli Daridro Bimochon Foundation (PDBF) on their socio-economic development and to explore the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiaries and their constraints. A total of 3436 women beneficiaries of three upazilas under 55 districts of PDBF constituted the population of the study. A face-to-face interview survey was conducted to collect data from the randomly selected 346 respondents. Among the 13 selected problem items, ‘high rate of interest’ was ranked first (70.81%), ‘more savings have to be deposited while taking the loan’ was ranked second (68.69%) and third (68.40%) was ‘various income generating activities and social development training are inadequate’ The findings revealed a significant relationship between training exposures, decision-making ability, savings deposit, income-generating activities, communication & network, and constraints faced by PDBF beneficiaries. Therefore, the PDBF authorities should consider significant factors in reducing the constraints faced by rural women to change their livelihoods
Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Activity, ROS, and Relative Water Content Between Red and Green Cabbage
No full textCabbage, the second largest leafy vegetable, is highly valued for its nutritional richness and versatility. As health consciousness increases, the worldwide demand for cabbage continues to grow steadily. Cabbages come in various forms, varying in size, color, texture, and nutritional properties. An experiment was conducted to distinguish significant differences in relative water content (RWC of leaf and RWC of head), relative oxygen species (MDA and H2O2), and antioxidant properties (POD, APX, and CAT) between red and green cabbage varieties. Cabbage samples were grown under fertilizer and control conditions to observe the impact of fertilizers on the acquisition of these properties. The results indicated that fertilizer application positively influenced the acquisition of relative water content, relative oxygen species, and antioxidant properties in both cabbage varieties. The results emphasized that red cabbage excelled in antioxidants and ROS levels, containing higher amounts compared to green cabbage. Conversely, green cabbage showed greater relative water content in both cultivation conditions. These findings suggest that consumers seeking higher antioxidant and ROS levels in their diet may benefit from incorporating more red cabbage into their meals. Further research into the mechanisms behind differences in red and green cabbage could inform breeding programs, enhancing nutritional traits for agricultural and dietary purposes
Growth and Yield Performance of Mustard and Rapeseed Varieties as Influenced by Different Sowing Techniques
No full textAn experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from November 2013 to February 2014 to investigate mustard and rapeseed varieties' growth and yield performances influenced by different sowing techniques. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The four varieties were BARI Sarisha-11, BARI Sarisha-13, BARI Sarisha-15, SAU Sarisha 2 (V1, V2, V3, and V4 respectively) and sowing techniques included broadcasting, line Sowing, raised bed, system of mustard intensification (SMI) (S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively). Results showed that the highest plant height (143.58 cm) was achieved at the combination of BARI Sarisha-11 and the raised bed technique (V1S3) at harvest. Though the highest leaf number varied in different varieties, it was produced by the SMI technique. BARI Sarisha-15 and the SMI techniques produced the highest number of primary branches, though BARI Sarisha-11 produced the maximum secondary branches with the same technique. BARI Sarisha-11 performed best at all the DAS regarding dry matter accumulation (g) and the values resulting in 1.07, 11.44, 21.3, and 25.87g. SMI also proved to be the best, except for 30 DAS. The highest seed yield (3.74 t ha−1 and 3.80 t ha−1) was obtained using BARI Sarisha-11 and SMI techniques, respectively. The highest biological yields (12.80 t ha−1 and 12.86 t ha−1) were obtained by BARI Sarisha-11 and SMI technique, respectively. However, the maximum harvest index (34.84% and 32.45%) and highest oil percentages (40.65% and 41.38%) were obtained by BARI Sarisha-15 and line sowing, respectively. As such the var. BARI Sarisha-11 could be expected good yield following the SMI techniqu
First report on the occurrence of Microphallus indicus in the Sartoriana spinigera freshwater crab in Bangladesh
No full textSartoriana spinigera is an edible freshwater crab species that plays an important role as an intermediate host of Microphallus indicus and Paragonimus westermani. P. westermani, the lung fluke, has been reported from northeastern India bordering Bangladesh and other parts of India. Nonetheless the existence of P. westermani in Bangladesh is yet to investigate. Therefore, the objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of lung flukes in Bangladesh. During the survey, the metacercariae of food-borne trematodes were investigated from a total of 261 fresh-water crabs collected from different locations in Bangladesh. Only the metacercariae of M. indicus were recovered. The overall prevalence of M. indicus metacercariae was 26% with intensity of 1–63 per crab. The highest prevalence was recorded from Naogaon district (83.33%), followed by Sirajgonj (57.5%), Rajshahi (40%), Brahmanbaria (16%), Narsingdi (15%), Faridpur (10%), and Sunamgonj (7%). None of the crabs from Rangpur, Thakurgoan, Jashore, Meherpur, Magura, Barguna, Sylhet, Kishorgonj, Cox’sBazar, and Bandarban were infected. Among the water bodies, the highest number of infected crabs was found in the rivers (56%) followed by haor, canal, and ditches (5%). To the best of our knowledge, this study reports M. indicus for the first time from Bangladesh
Exploring Potential Human Health Risks Linked to Heavy Metal(Loid)s in Dietary Fishes: Utilizing Data-Driven and Computational Modelling Approaches
No full textThere are signiicant concerns about the risks to human health posed by metal(loid) contamination in dietary ishes in Bangladesh.
Therefore,
this
study
aimed to
evaluate
heavy
metal(loid)
contamination
in ish and their
associated health
risks
using
published
data
from
2000 to
2022. Additionally,
the
safe
limit of ish consumption
was
estimated
using the
target
hazard
quotient
(THQ)
followed
by
computational
modelling
and
artiicial
neural
networks
(ANN).
Results
showed
that
freshwater
and
herbivorous
ishes pose the
least
non-cancer risks,
whereas
saltwater
and carnivorous
ishes pose the
highest
non-cancer
risks
to
Bangladeshi
consumers. However,
freshwater
and omnivorous
ish consumption
pose the
highest
cancer risks
compared
to
all studied
metal(loid)s.
In particular,
among the
heavy
metal(loid)s,
As, Cr,
Hg, and Ni pose signiicant cancer and
non-cancer
risks
to
Bangladeshi
consumers. On the
contrary,
the
ANN and Decision tree
regression
(DTR)
characterized
the
dataset,
simulation
model,
or
data
testing
condition,
reaching
94.7%
accuracy
and
allowing
us
to
measure
the
safest
ish
consumption
limit. The herbivorous
ishes are
less contaminated
and allow
greater
consumption
(175.09 g
day
). Contrarily,
the allowable intake rates of carnivorous and omnivorous ishes are 153.05 and 168.63 g day
−1
, respectively. Besides, the safe
consumption rate of saltwater ishes was 156.51 g day
−1
, which was lower than freshwater (180.59 g day
) and euryhaline
ishes (182.17 g day
−1
). Therefore, this study will assist ish consumers in selecting less contaminated ish, ensuring safe
consumption levels, and ultimately reducing health risks associated with metal(loid) contamination in ish
Molecular Identification, Histopathology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Aeromonas veronii Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus in Bangladesh
No full textBACKGROUND: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most widely cultured freshwater fish species in Bangladesh and worldwide. However, commercial tilapia culture systems face increasing challenges from bacterial infections. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the bacterial isolates from infected tilapia in an intensive cage culture farm located along the Shitalakshya River in Bangladesh. METHODS: Infected fish samples were collected and underwent comprehensive clinical and post-mortem investigations, followed by phenotypic, biochemical and molecular identification of the bacterial isolates, as well as histopathological and antibiotic susceptibility examinations. RESULTS: Phenotypic and biochemical characterization showed similarities of the -collected isolates with Aeromonas veronii. Moreover, molecular analysis of the bacterial conserved region 16S rRNA also confirmed these isolates as A. veronii. The analysed 16S rRNA sequence (GenBank accession no. PP832815) showed a close relationship (100% identity) with A. veronii from China (GenBank accession no. MT071624) in the NCBI BLAST search, and in the phylogenetic tree, they grouped in a single clade. This close genetic relationship is also supported by the low genetic distance between the isolates. Histopathological analysis revealed gross pathological changes like necrosis, hypertrophy and inflammation in muscle tissues. The isolates were found to be sensitive to multiple antibiotics but resistant to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole. CONCLUSION: This study investigated the presence of A. veronii infection in tilapia (O. niloticus) in an intensive cage culture farm in Bangladesh.The authors received no specific funding for this work
Natural field diagnosis and molecular confirmation of fungal and bacterial watermelon pathogens in Bangladesh: A case study from the Natore and Sylhet districts
No full textThe study investigated watermelon diseases characterized by contrasting climatic conditions in the Sylhet and Natore Districts of Bangladesh. Sylhet experiences lower temperatures and high rainfall, while Natore has higher temperatures and low rainfall. In these
survey regions, 40 watermelon fields were selected, and 10 diseases were observed,
including 4 fungal, 3 bacterial, 2 water mold, and 1 viral disease. The observed diseases
were Anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot, Fusarium wilt, Gummy stem blight, Downy mildew, Phytophthora fruit rot, Bacterial fruit blotch, Angular leaf spot, Yellow vine, and Watermelon mosaic disease. Molecular analysis was done in the Plant Pathology Lab at Sher-eBangla Agricultural University using the specific primers for fungal (ITS1/ITS4) and bacterial
(27F/1492R) DNA regions and identified nine pathogen species, excluding the causal
organism of the viral disease. The identified pathogens included Colletrotrichum orbiculare,
Cercospora citrullina, Fusarium oxysporum, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Phytophthora capsici, Acidovorax citrulli, Pseudomonas syringae,
and Serratia marcescens. The sequencing of the identified pathogens revealed high homology (98.91–99.71%) with known sequences in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis showed six clusters for fungal and water mold pathogen isolates and three for bacterial
isolates where the percentages of replicate trees were 100% in all the cases. Among the
identified diseases, the highest disease occurrence was caused by Fusarium wilt (47.5%)
followed by Gummy stem blight (41.5%) in the Sylhet region and Angular leaf spot (37.5%)
followed by Yellow vine (33%) in the Natore area. Fusarium wilt also has a high disease
intensity, demonstrating its devastating impact on yield. This study highlights the influence
of environmental conditions on disease incidence and underscores the need for tailored
management strategies. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted disease management practices for sustainable watermelon cultivation in Bangladesh
Editorial: Biocontrol of phytopathogens-recent progress for improvement in efficacy and understanding action mechanism
No full textThe shift away from chemical pesticides in plant disease management is increasingly
influenced by public concerns over their toxicity and environmental harm, increasing
restrictions on existing pesticides, and the emergence of pesticide-resistant pathogens
(
Rani et al., 2021). As a result, biocontrol of plant diseases has emerged as a widely
recognized alternative to chemical pesticides, playing a crucial role in integrated pest
approaches. This Research Topic aims to compile recent progress and achievements in the
biocontrol of plant diseases and explore their action mechanisms. Among various action
mechanisms, antibiotic production against plant pathogens has been reported for several
biocontrol agents. For example,
Maalik et al. have shown that the biocontrol bacterium
Bacillus atrophaeus produces antimicrobial lipopeptides and, in combination with salicylic
acid (SA), effectively controls blue mold disease caused by Penicillium italicum in lemons.
The lipopeptides directly target the pathogen Penicillium italicum, while SA activates a
defense response in the host plant, offering enhanced protection through the synergy of
different mechanisms.
Li et al. identified three resorcylic acid lactones, produced by the
biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia, effective against the plant parasitic nematode
Meloidogyne incognita, including a new compound, monocillin-VI glycoside.
Bellotti et al.
revealed that Bacillus species can inhibit the growth and toxin production ability of
Alternaria species. Plant disease management can also be achieved by manipulating plant
rhizosphere microbes to suppress pathogenic ones, as shown by
Zhang et al., who amended
soil using ammonium bicarbonate to control clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage by
targeting pathogenic fungus, Plasmodiophora brassicae
Pre-emergence herbicides used in urban and agricultural settings: dissipation and ecological implications
No full textHerbicides are widely recognized as the most cost-effective solution for weed control, but their extensive use in both urban and agricultural settings raise serious concerns about nontarget effects. We assessed the possible hazards associated with pre-emergence herbicides such as dimethenamid–P, metazachlor, and pyroxasulfone, which are frequently applied in both urban and agricultural soils. The dissipation rate constant values (k day−1: 0.010–0.024) were positively linked to total organic carbon (TOC), silt, clay, soil pH, and Al and Fe oxides, but negatively correlated with sand content. In contrast, half-life values (DT50: 29–69 days) of the herbicides showed negative correlations with TOC, clay, silt, soil pH, and Fe and Al oxides, while sand content showed a positive impact. The selected herbicides showed minimal impact on soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA). Mostly, soils with higher organic matter (OM) content exhibited increased DHA levels, highlighting the role of OM in influencing this soil enzyme across different soils. Assessment of environmental indicators like groundwater ubiquity score (GUS:1.69–6.30) and leachability index (LIX: 0.23–0.97) suggested that the herbicides might reach groundwater, posing potential risks to nontarget biota and food safety. Human non-cancer risk evaluation, in terms of hazard quotient (HQ < 1) and hazard index (HI < 1), suggests minimal or no risks from exposure to soil containing herbicide residues at 50% of the initial concentrations. Our data thus help the stakeholders and regulatory agencies while applying these pre-emergence herbicides in soils and safeguarding human and environmental health