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First report on the occurrence of Microphallus indicus in the Sartoriana spinigera freshwater crab in Bangladesh
No full textSartoriana spinigera is an edible freshwater crab species that plays an important role as an intermediate host of Microphallus indicus and Paragonimus westermani. P. westermani, the lung fluke, has been reported from northeastern India bordering Bangladesh and other parts of India. Nonetheless the existence of P. westermani in Bangladesh is yet to investigate. Therefore, the objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of lung flukes in Bangladesh. During the survey, the metacercariae of food-borne trematodes were investigated from a total of 261 fresh-water crabs collected from different locations in Bangladesh. Only the metacercariae of M. indicus were recovered. The overall prevalence of M. indicus metacercariae was 26% with intensity of 1–63 per crab. The highest prevalence was recorded from Naogaon district (83.33%), followed by Sirajgonj (57.5%), Rajshahi (40%), Brahmanbaria (16%), Narsingdi (15%), Faridpur (10%), and Sunamgonj (7%). None of the crabs from Rangpur, Thakurgoan, Jashore, Meherpur, Magura, Barguna, Sylhet, Kishorgonj, Cox’sBazar, and Bandarban were infected. Among the water bodies, the highest number of infected crabs was found in the rivers (56%) followed by haor, canal, and ditches (5%). To the best of our knowledge, this study reports M. indicus for the first time from Bangladesh
Exploring Potential Human Health Risks Linked to Heavy Metal(Loid)s in Dietary Fishes: Utilizing Data-Driven and Computational Modelling Approaches
No full textThere are signiicant concerns about the risks to human health posed by metal(loid) contamination in dietary ishes in Bangladesh.
Therefore,
this
study
aimed to
evaluate
heavy
metal(loid)
contamination
in ish and their
associated health
risks
using
published
data
from
2000 to
2022. Additionally,
the
safe
limit of ish consumption
was
estimated
using the
target
hazard
quotient
(THQ)
followed
by
computational
modelling
and
artiicial
neural
networks
(ANN).
Results
showed
that
freshwater
and
herbivorous
ishes pose the
least
non-cancer risks,
whereas
saltwater
and carnivorous
ishes pose the
highest
non-cancer
risks
to
Bangladeshi
consumers. However,
freshwater
and omnivorous
ish consumption
pose the
highest
cancer risks
compared
to
all studied
metal(loid)s.
In particular,
among the
heavy
metal(loid)s,
As, Cr,
Hg, and Ni pose signiicant cancer and
non-cancer
risks
to
Bangladeshi
consumers. On the
contrary,
the
ANN and Decision tree
regression
(DTR)
characterized
the
dataset,
simulation
model,
or
data
testing
condition,
reaching
94.7%
accuracy
and
allowing
us
to
measure
the
safest
ish
consumption
limit. The herbivorous
ishes are
less contaminated
and allow
greater
consumption
(175.09 g
day
). Contrarily,
the allowable intake rates of carnivorous and omnivorous ishes are 153.05 and 168.63 g day
−1
, respectively. Besides, the safe
consumption rate of saltwater ishes was 156.51 g day
−1
, which was lower than freshwater (180.59 g day
) and euryhaline
ishes (182.17 g day
−1
). Therefore, this study will assist ish consumers in selecting less contaminated ish, ensuring safe
consumption levels, and ultimately reducing health risks associated with metal(loid) contamination in ish
Molecular Identification, Histopathology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Aeromonas veronii Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus in Bangladesh
No full textBACKGROUND: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most widely cultured freshwater fish species in Bangladesh and worldwide. However, commercial tilapia culture systems face increasing challenges from bacterial infections. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the bacterial isolates from infected tilapia in an intensive cage culture farm located along the Shitalakshya River in Bangladesh. METHODS: Infected fish samples were collected and underwent comprehensive clinical and post-mortem investigations, followed by phenotypic, biochemical and molecular identification of the bacterial isolates, as well as histopathological and antibiotic susceptibility examinations. RESULTS: Phenotypic and biochemical characterization showed similarities of the -collected isolates with Aeromonas veronii. Moreover, molecular analysis of the bacterial conserved region 16S rRNA also confirmed these isolates as A. veronii. The analysed 16S rRNA sequence (GenBank accession no. PP832815) showed a close relationship (100% identity) with A. veronii from China (GenBank accession no. MT071624) in the NCBI BLAST search, and in the phylogenetic tree, they grouped in a single clade. This close genetic relationship is also supported by the low genetic distance between the isolates. Histopathological analysis revealed gross pathological changes like necrosis, hypertrophy and inflammation in muscle tissues. The isolates were found to be sensitive to multiple antibiotics but resistant to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole. CONCLUSION: This study investigated the presence of A. veronii infection in tilapia (O. niloticus) in an intensive cage culture farm in Bangladesh.The authors received no specific funding for this work
Natural field diagnosis and molecular confirmation of fungal and bacterial watermelon pathogens in Bangladesh: A case study from the Natore and Sylhet districts
No full textThe study investigated watermelon diseases characterized by contrasting climatic conditions in the Sylhet and Natore Districts of Bangladesh. Sylhet experiences lower temperatures and high rainfall, while Natore has higher temperatures and low rainfall. In these
survey regions, 40 watermelon fields were selected, and 10 diseases were observed,
including 4 fungal, 3 bacterial, 2 water mold, and 1 viral disease. The observed diseases
were Anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot, Fusarium wilt, Gummy stem blight, Downy mildew, Phytophthora fruit rot, Bacterial fruit blotch, Angular leaf spot, Yellow vine, and Watermelon mosaic disease. Molecular analysis was done in the Plant Pathology Lab at Sher-eBangla Agricultural University using the specific primers for fungal (ITS1/ITS4) and bacterial
(27F/1492R) DNA regions and identified nine pathogen species, excluding the causal
organism of the viral disease. The identified pathogens included Colletrotrichum orbiculare,
Cercospora citrullina, Fusarium oxysporum, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Phytophthora capsici, Acidovorax citrulli, Pseudomonas syringae,
and Serratia marcescens. The sequencing of the identified pathogens revealed high homology (98.91–99.71%) with known sequences in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis showed six clusters for fungal and water mold pathogen isolates and three for bacterial
isolates where the percentages of replicate trees were 100% in all the cases. Among the
identified diseases, the highest disease occurrence was caused by Fusarium wilt (47.5%)
followed by Gummy stem blight (41.5%) in the Sylhet region and Angular leaf spot (37.5%)
followed by Yellow vine (33%) in the Natore area. Fusarium wilt also has a high disease
intensity, demonstrating its devastating impact on yield. This study highlights the influence
of environmental conditions on disease incidence and underscores the need for tailored
management strategies. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted disease management practices for sustainable watermelon cultivation in Bangladesh
Editorial: Biocontrol of phytopathogens-recent progress for improvement in efficacy and understanding action mechanism
No full textThe shift away from chemical pesticides in plant disease management is increasingly
influenced by public concerns over their toxicity and environmental harm, increasing
restrictions on existing pesticides, and the emergence of pesticide-resistant pathogens
(
Rani et al., 2021). As a result, biocontrol of plant diseases has emerged as a widely
recognized alternative to chemical pesticides, playing a crucial role in integrated pest
approaches. This Research Topic aims to compile recent progress and achievements in the
biocontrol of plant diseases and explore their action mechanisms. Among various action
mechanisms, antibiotic production against plant pathogens has been reported for several
biocontrol agents. For example,
Maalik et al. have shown that the biocontrol bacterium
Bacillus atrophaeus produces antimicrobial lipopeptides and, in combination with salicylic
acid (SA), effectively controls blue mold disease caused by Penicillium italicum in lemons.
The lipopeptides directly target the pathogen Penicillium italicum, while SA activates a
defense response in the host plant, offering enhanced protection through the synergy of
different mechanisms.
Li et al. identified three resorcylic acid lactones, produced by the
biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia, effective against the plant parasitic nematode
Meloidogyne incognita, including a new compound, monocillin-VI glycoside.
Bellotti et al.
revealed that Bacillus species can inhibit the growth and toxin production ability of
Alternaria species. Plant disease management can also be achieved by manipulating plant
rhizosphere microbes to suppress pathogenic ones, as shown by
Zhang et al., who amended
soil using ammonium bicarbonate to control clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage by
targeting pathogenic fungus, Plasmodiophora brassicae
Pre-emergence herbicides used in urban and agricultural settings: dissipation and ecological implications
No full textHerbicides are widely recognized as the most cost-effective solution for weed control, but their extensive use in both urban and agricultural settings raise serious concerns about nontarget effects. We assessed the possible hazards associated with pre-emergence herbicides such as dimethenamid–P, metazachlor, and pyroxasulfone, which are frequently applied in both urban and agricultural soils. The dissipation rate constant values (k day−1: 0.010–0.024) were positively linked to total organic carbon (TOC), silt, clay, soil pH, and Al and Fe oxides, but negatively correlated with sand content. In contrast, half-life values (DT50: 29–69 days) of the herbicides showed negative correlations with TOC, clay, silt, soil pH, and Fe and Al oxides, while sand content showed a positive impact. The selected herbicides showed minimal impact on soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA). Mostly, soils with higher organic matter (OM) content exhibited increased DHA levels, highlighting the role of OM in influencing this soil enzyme across different soils. Assessment of environmental indicators like groundwater ubiquity score (GUS:1.69–6.30) and leachability index (LIX: 0.23–0.97) suggested that the herbicides might reach groundwater, posing potential risks to nontarget biota and food safety. Human non-cancer risk evaluation, in terms of hazard quotient (HQ < 1) and hazard index (HI < 1), suggests minimal or no risks from exposure to soil containing herbicide residues at 50% of the initial concentrations. Our data thus help the stakeholders and regulatory agencies while applying these pre-emergence herbicides in soils and safeguarding human and environmental health
Lipidomic study of kidney in a mouse model with urine low obstruction
No full textObstructed urine flow is known to cause structural and functional kidney damage leading to renal fibrosis. However, limited information is available on the change in kidney lipids during urinary tract obstruction. In this study, we investigated the change in lipidome in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The establishment of the UUO model was confirmed by histopathological examination using transmission electron microscopy. Untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was carried out over a time course of 4 and 7 days. Compared to the sham control, the UUO kidney at 7 days showed dilatation of the renal tubule with loss of brush borders and thickening of the capillary endothelium. In the kidney lipidomes obtained from the UUO 7 days group compared to the control, a significant decrease of ceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed, whereas cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipins were significantly increased. The present study revealed the disturbed lipid metabolism in the UUO model, which may provide a clue to potential lipid pathways and therapeutic targets for the early stage of renal fibrosis.This work is supported by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grants (19H0311719, 19F19092, 19K0786109, 22K1485002, and 21K1481201)
Comparison of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanin in pigmented and non-pigmented maize in bangladesh
No full textIn the present study the compositions of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins in a purple maize (SAU Bhutta 3) variety were determined and compared its phytonutrients with those of other maize varieties cultivated in Bangladesh. The SAU purple maize contained 106.0 ± 8.3 and 165.1 ± 8.0 mg /100 g of methanol soluble and acidic methanol soluble polyphenols, respectively. The SAU Bhutta 3 had the greatest amount of flavonoids (77.0 ± 10.0 mg /100 g) and anthocyanins (69.0 ± 5.0 C3G equv./100 g). Nevertheless, the SAU white maize variety had 31.0 ± 2.0, 47.0 ± 4.4 mg FAE/100 g and 9.0 ± 2.0 mg CE/100 g of free and bound phenolics and total flavonoids, respectively, which were lower than those of the SAU Bhutta 3. Again, the SAU red maize contained the lowest level of total anthocyanin (4.11 ± 1.2 mg C3G/100 g). The SAU Bhutta 3 exhibited higher proportions of insoluble phenolics compared to total phenolics and flavonoids compared to insoluble phenolics. Overall, the SAU Bhutta 3 contained relatively high amounts of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins; thus, this particular maize variety shows significant potential for future utilization. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 495-502, 2024 (September
Influence of Cow Dung Extract Complemented with Nutrient Solution on the Growth Performance of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L)
No full textLimited studies have focused on plant growth performance using organic-based solutions complemented with mineral elements in a hydroponic system. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the growth performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as influenced by cow dung extract combined with a hydroponic nutrient solution. Treatments considered as four different levels of aerated cow dung extracts (C), viz., C1 = 50 g l-1, C2 =100 g l-1, C3 =150 g l-1 and C4 =200 g l-1 and four strengths of standard nutrient solution (S), viz, S1 = 30% of standard nutrient solution, S2 = 40% of standard nutrient solution, S3 = 50% of standard nutrient solution and S4 = 60% of standard nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out using a deep flow technique in a semi-greenhouse. Various growth and physiological parameters were measured in this experiment. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis with 4 replicates by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. In the case of growth parameters, the tallest plant (23.54 cm), maximum number of leaves per plant (17.01) broadest leaf (13.32 cm), and the highest fresh weight (112.05 g/plant) were recorded from C3 while the lowest in C1. For hydroponic nutrient solution, the tallest plant (23.13 cm), the maximum number of leaves per plant (16.66), the widest leaf breath (14.17 cm), and the highest fresh weight (116.0 g/plant) were recorded from S4 while the lowest in S1. On the other hand, physiological traits viz. leaf area, net assimilation ratio, and relative growth rate were statistically higher in C3 and lowest in C1. In the nutrient solution, all physiological parameters were highest in S4 and the lowest in S1. In the case of the interaction effect, the highest fresh weight and almost all the parameters were found best in C3S4 and the lowest in C1S1. Therefore, the analysis showed that in terms of growth promotion properties hydroponic nutrient solution along with cow dung extract had a substantial impact and C3S4 was the most preferable treatment combination. Based on these findings, in a hydroponic system, an inorganic nutrient solution combined with organic liquid fertilizer derived from cow dung extract (as an alternative nutrient source) requires further improvements to achieve optimal growth and yield
Statements on Open Science for Sustainable Development Goals
No full textThis article attempts to practicalise Open Science (OS) to promote ideas and enhance efforts for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It delineates General Statements (n = 20) as guiding beacons and the Specific Statements (n = 70) that act as precision tools in OS orientated policymaking, research, innovations, and public engagement, and access to scientific knowledge. The authors hope to draw kindled and educated attention to OS besides underscoring the need for unbiased, inclusive, and diligent execution of the SDGs. By adopting these Statements accordingly and in appropriate stages within national strategies and ensuring transparent reporting of the progress, the authors envision a transformed world by 2030. With this appeal, scientific endeavours could be more effectively directed and optimised with OS, significantly advancing progress toward the SDGs