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Lipidomic study of kidney in a mouse model with urine low obstruction
No full textObstructed urine flow is known to cause structural and functional kidney damage leading to renal fibrosis. However, limited information is available on the change in kidney lipids during urinary tract obstruction. In this study, we investigated the change in lipidome in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The establishment of the UUO model was confirmed by histopathological examination using transmission electron microscopy. Untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was carried out over a time course of 4 and 7 days. Compared to the sham control, the UUO kidney at 7 days showed dilatation of the renal tubule with loss of brush borders and thickening of the capillary endothelium. In the kidney lipidomes obtained from the UUO 7 days group compared to the control, a significant decrease of ceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed, whereas cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipins were significantly increased. The present study revealed the disturbed lipid metabolism in the UUO model, which may provide a clue to potential lipid pathways and therapeutic targets for the early stage of renal fibrosis.This work is supported by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grants (19H0311719, 19F19092, 19K0786109, 22K1485002, and 21K1481201)
Comparison of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanin in pigmented and non-pigmented maize in bangladesh
No full textIn the present study the compositions of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins in a purple maize (SAU Bhutta 3) variety were determined and compared its phytonutrients with those of other maize varieties cultivated in Bangladesh. The SAU purple maize contained 106.0 ± 8.3 and 165.1 ± 8.0 mg /100 g of methanol soluble and acidic methanol soluble polyphenols, respectively. The SAU Bhutta 3 had the greatest amount of flavonoids (77.0 ± 10.0 mg /100 g) and anthocyanins (69.0 ± 5.0 C3G equv./100 g). Nevertheless, the SAU white maize variety had 31.0 ± 2.0, 47.0 ± 4.4 mg FAE/100 g and 9.0 ± 2.0 mg CE/100 g of free and bound phenolics and total flavonoids, respectively, which were lower than those of the SAU Bhutta 3. Again, the SAU red maize contained the lowest level of total anthocyanin (4.11 ± 1.2 mg C3G/100 g). The SAU Bhutta 3 exhibited higher proportions of insoluble phenolics compared to total phenolics and flavonoids compared to insoluble phenolics. Overall, the SAU Bhutta 3 contained relatively high amounts of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins; thus, this particular maize variety shows significant potential for future utilization. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 495-502, 2024 (September
Influence of Cow Dung Extract Complemented with Nutrient Solution on the Growth Performance of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L)
No full textLimited studies have focused on plant growth performance using organic-based solutions complemented with mineral elements in a hydroponic system. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the growth performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as influenced by cow dung extract combined with a hydroponic nutrient solution. Treatments considered as four different levels of aerated cow dung extracts (C), viz., C1 = 50 g l-1, C2 =100 g l-1, C3 =150 g l-1 and C4 =200 g l-1 and four strengths of standard nutrient solution (S), viz, S1 = 30% of standard nutrient solution, S2 = 40% of standard nutrient solution, S3 = 50% of standard nutrient solution and S4 = 60% of standard nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out using a deep flow technique in a semi-greenhouse. Various growth and physiological parameters were measured in this experiment. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis with 4 replicates by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. In the case of growth parameters, the tallest plant (23.54 cm), maximum number of leaves per plant (17.01) broadest leaf (13.32 cm), and the highest fresh weight (112.05 g/plant) were recorded from C3 while the lowest in C1. For hydroponic nutrient solution, the tallest plant (23.13 cm), the maximum number of leaves per plant (16.66), the widest leaf breath (14.17 cm), and the highest fresh weight (116.0 g/plant) were recorded from S4 while the lowest in S1. On the other hand, physiological traits viz. leaf area, net assimilation ratio, and relative growth rate were statistically higher in C3 and lowest in C1. In the nutrient solution, all physiological parameters were highest in S4 and the lowest in S1. In the case of the interaction effect, the highest fresh weight and almost all the parameters were found best in C3S4 and the lowest in C1S1. Therefore, the analysis showed that in terms of growth promotion properties hydroponic nutrient solution along with cow dung extract had a substantial impact and C3S4 was the most preferable treatment combination. Based on these findings, in a hydroponic system, an inorganic nutrient solution combined with organic liquid fertilizer derived from cow dung extract (as an alternative nutrient source) requires further improvements to achieve optimal growth and yield
Statements on Open Science for Sustainable Development Goals
No full textThis article attempts to practicalise Open Science (OS) to promote ideas and enhance efforts for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It delineates General Statements (n = 20) as guiding beacons and the Specific Statements (n = 70) that act as precision tools in OS orientated policymaking, research, innovations, and public engagement, and access to scientific knowledge. The authors hope to draw kindled and educated attention to OS besides underscoring the need for unbiased, inclusive, and diligent execution of the SDGs. By adopting these Statements accordingly and in appropriate stages within national strategies and ensuring transparent reporting of the progress, the authors envision a transformed world by 2030. With this appeal, scientific endeavours could be more effectively directed and optimised with OS, significantly advancing progress toward the SDGs
Investigating the incidence and severity of field diseases impacting tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cultivation: A case study in the Jashore district, Bangladesh
No full textA research investigation was conducted in the Jashore district of Bangladesh to examine diseases affecting tuberose plants. The laboratory analysis was performed at the plant disease study facility at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study encompassed eighteen villages across four unions within the Jhikargacha upazila of the Jashore district. The primary objective was to document the occurrence and severity of diseases in tuberose fields under natural conditions. Seven fungal diseases were detected in the natural field setting and were subjected to further scrutiny in the research facility. The pathogens responsible for these diseases were isolated and identified, revealing botrytis blight (Botrytis cinerea), blossom blight (Fusarium equiseti), alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria polyanthi), leaf tip blight (Phoma sp.), peduncle blight (Lasidiplodia theobromae), stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), and tuber rot (Fusarium oxysporum). Disease incidence ranged from 0 % to 64.33 %, and severity ranged from 0 % to 24.00 %. Stem rot, botrytis blight, alternaria leaf spot, and leaf tip blight were identified as significant challenges in tuberose cultivation in the Jashore district. This study represents the first documentation of tuberose pathogen prevalence in Bangladesh, providing valuable insights for disease identification and contributing to the improvement of tuberose cultivation practices in the region
Optimization of The Priming Time of Mannitol Solution for Mungbean Seed Treatment
No full textMungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important grain legume in Bangladesh belonging to the
family Fabaceae. As an excellent source of vegetable protein. Its edible grain is characterized by good
digestibility, flavor, high protein content, and absence of any flatulence effect. The lysine content makes
mungbean a good complementary food for rich-based diets because lysine is usually the first limiting
amino acid. Besides, the crops can enrich soils through nitrogen fixation (Sharma and Behera, 2009).
Plant growth and productivity are affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various abiotic stress factors.
Plants are frequently exposed to a plethora of stress conditions such as salt, drought, oxidative stress, and
others. All these stress factors are a means for plants and prevent them from reaching their full genetic
potential and limit crop productivity worldwide. Lack of adequate soil moisture in the seedbed is a major
obstacle to the establishment of the crop because inadequate soil moisture can reduce germination, slow
down seedling growth and decrease yield. There are many strategies have been adopted to overcome the
negative effects of drought. A good strategy for overcoming drought stress is seed pre-sowing treatments
(Ghiyasi et al., 2008). Seed priming was defined as pre-sowing treatments in water or in an osmotic
solution that allows the seed to imbibe water to proceed to the first stage of germination, but prevents
radical protrusion through the seed coat (Yari et al., 2012). Seed priming techniques have been used to
accelerate the emergence of more vigorous plants. Primed seeds usually to exhibit an increased
germination rate, greater germination uniformity, and greater total germination percentage. Increased
germination rate and uniformity have been attributed to metabolic repair during imbibitions build-up of
germination-enhancing metabolites. ..
Sex-related differences in the morphology of rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in C57BL/6NCrSlc mice.
No full textSex hormones regulate gut function and mucosal immunity; however, their specific effects on the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the rectum of mammals remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the influence of sex on MALT in the rectum of mammals by focusing on the rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (RMALTs) of C57BL/6NCrSIc mice. Histological analysis revealed that RMALTs were predominantly located in the lamina propria and submucosa of the rectal mucosa, with a significant sex-related difference in the distance from the anorectal junction to the first appearance of the RMALT. Despite similar RMALT numbers, females exhibited significantly larger RMALTs than males. Immunostaining revealed the presence of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, proliferative immune cells, lymphatic vessels, and high endothelial venules (HEVs), in RMALTs. Compared with males, females showed elevated T cell, helper T cell, and cytotoxic T-cell gene expression levels, along with high percentages of specific T-cell subsets. The factors influencing RMALT development, such as the presence of HEVs, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 expression, and RMALT-containing cell proliferation, were also explored. Overall, this study revealed the detailed attributes of RMALTs, their immune cell composition, and their determinants in male and female mice, providing insights into the sex-specific characteristics of the rectal mucosal immune system
Thermochemical and physical characterization of agricultural biomass for sustainable energy in Bangladesh” Energy Rep. 12 (2024) 5758–5768
No full textHarnessing biostimulants from biogas digestates for high‑value resource recovery: a review
No full textImproper disposal of organic waste leads to greenhouse gases, pollution, and health risks. Anaerobic digestion offers a sustainable solution by converting this waste into biogas and digestates, which contain valuable nutrients and stimulatory organic compounds that can be recycled to improve plant growth and support food production. Here we review the transformation of liquid and solid digestates into biostimulants by microalgal cultivation, vermicomposting, and insect-based bioconversion. These processes yield phytohormones, polysaccharides, betaines, humic substances, chitin, protein hydrolysates, and growth-promoting microbes, that enhance plant growth and resilience against environmental stresses. Due to the variability in digestate composition, we emphasize the need for optimized formulations, a deep understanding of synergistic interactions among bioactive compounds, and standardized extraction techniques to support broader applications
Response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Flooding with Physical Flow
No full textNutritionists are beginning to pay attention to black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae (BSFL) as an alternative to expensive soybean and fish meal in animal feed which is abundant in different nutrients. Additionally, organic wastes including leftover food, animal excreta, and agricultural wastes, can be used to efficiently raise and spread BSFL. This study was carried out to evaluate the yield, production performance and proximate composition of BSFL nurtured on different organic waste namely, broiler starter feed (BF); rice bran (RB); market-sourced vegetable wastes (VW); chicken manure (CM) and kitchen waste (KW). The BF fed group had the highest observed larval yields (16.2 kg in total; P<0.05). Raising BSFL on BF, VW and KW resulted in the greatest body weight (0.149, 0.147 and 0.150 g, respectively) and growth rate (0.012 g), whereas the KW fed group had the longest body length (P<0.05). The fed groups that received CM and BF had the highest and lowest mortality rates, respectively (P<0.05). All fed groups except RB had improved feed conversion ratios, while VW and KW fed groups had higher protein conversion ratios (2.626 and 2.852, respectively; P<0.05). All the group had better substrate reduction rate compared to CM fed group (P<0.05). The dry matter and ash contents of BSFL reared on BF, VW and KW were higher than the RB and CM group (P<0.05). The KW supplemented BSFL had the highest ether extract level, whereas the BF fed group had the highest protein content (43.58%, P<0.05). In conclusion, BSFL can be successfully reared on kitchen and vegetable scraps. It is anticipated that the cost of black soldier fly farming and animal production will decrease since these organic waste shown favorable effects on BSFL growth performance and nutritional quality comparable to broiler feed in the current study