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VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF GHEE IN THE PABNA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
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Submitted to the Department of Agribusiness and Marketing
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207
In partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRIBUSINESS AND MARKETINGThis thesis conducts a comprehensive value chain analysis of the Ghee industry. It
explores the various stages involved in the production, processing, and distribution of
Ghee, identifying key activities and actors along the chain. The study assesses the value
added at each stage and examines the efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability of
the Ghee value chain. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the
industry's dynamics and highlight potential areas for improvement and innovation. This
research provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and
businesses aiming to enhance the value chain of Ghee. Faridpur, Bhangura and
Chatmohar Upazila of Pabna district were selected for the study based on the intensive
production of milk value-added milk products. A simple random sampling technique
was used for collecting data from 60 Ghee Producers, 20 wholesalers, 20 Online
Traders and 20 Retailers grand total of 120 respondents by using a structured interview
schedule. Tabular analysis and the OLS model were used for the analysis purpose. The
Ghee producer’s TVC (per kg) was about Tk.1546.78, average revenue (Per kg) was
about Tk.1690.42, Average Profit (Tk/Kg) was about Tk. 143.63 and maintaining the
Avg. BCR of 1.086501. The Wholesaler’s Total Cost (Tk/Kg) was 874.43, Profit
(Tk/Kg) was 48.90 and the BCR was 1.06. Online Traders' Total Cost (Tk/Kg) was
1014.20, the Profit (Tk/Kg) was 159.05 and the BCR was 1.15822. The Retailer’s Total
Cost (Tk/Kg) was 883.90, Profit (Tk/Kg) was 100.85 and the BCR was 1.114159. The
number of total employees and BCR had a positive relationship with the Yearly Profit.
Occupation (Other Jobs), To Whom Do They Sell Their Products (Other
Manufacturers), Occupation (Ghee Producer), Ownership Type (Others), Education
Level etc. had a negative significant relationship with the Yearly Profit. Ghee producers
and other respondents faced various problems. Most of them are capital shortages,
transportation problems, lack of proper roads, inconsistency of demand, inconsistent
supply of raw materials, lack of skilled Labor, and local tolls (Chanda) etc. Some
various solutions were expressed by the respondents including loan facilities, Govt.
intervention, marketing, training facilities, law and order, public awareness etc
PROMOTING THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAULIFLOWER VARIETIES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF MOLYBDENUM
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTUREAn experiment was conducted during the rabi season (November 2021 to February
2022) at Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU),
Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh to study the effect of molybdenum on the growth, yield
and bio-chemical properties of purple cauliflower. The local variety BARI
Fulkopi1(Rupa) was used as a check variety and exotic purple cauliflower cultivar
was used as test variety in the experiment. The experiment consisted of the
following treatments, such as T
1
: Rupa + 0 Kg/ha Molybdenum, T
2
: Rupa + 0.5
Kg/ha Molybdenum, T
3
: Rupa + 1.0 Kg/ha Molybdenum, T
4
: Rupa + 1.5 Kg/ha
Molybdenum, T
5
: Exotic Purple + 0 Kg/ha Molybdenum, T
6
: Exotic Purple + 0.5
Kg/ha Molybdenum, T
7
: Exotic Purple + 1.0 Kg/ha Molybdenum and T
8
: Exotic
Purple + 1.5 Kg/ha Molybdenum. The treatments of the experiment were laid out
in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Different
level of molybdenum showed significant variation on plant height at 20, 40 and 60
DAT. The highest weight of curd (660.15 g) was found in treatment T
8
whereas, the
lowest weight of curd (406.81 g) was found in treatment T
1
. Similarly, the biochemical
properties
were
found
better
in
treatment
T
8
than other treatments. It can
be concluded that, the growers can use 1.5 Kg/ha Molybdenum for successful
production of purple cauliflower
ASSESSING THE AGRO-ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF CONVERSION OF JHUM CULTIVATION TO MANGO ORCHARD IN KHAGRACHHARI DISTRICT
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGROFORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEA survey was conducted in Khagrachhari District to determine the best option between
Jhum cultivation and mango orchard, as well as the economic returns and issues faced
by the respondents. From January to December 2020, a purposive random sample
technique was used to collect the relevant information via a structured questionnaire
in order to meet the objectives from 80 respondents. Stata was used to analyze the
data. Results revealed that the mango orchard is more profitable than jhum cultivation
and has a great opportunity to increase national production to feed the growing
population and reduce poverty in hilly areas. There is scope for adopting improved
management practices, and it may increase the total production. Based on collected
data, it was found that in mango orchards first four years, farmers did not get any
return. After that, the farmer's net return will increase year by year. In jhum cultivation,
farmers get their return the same year. But in jhum cultivation BCR is 1.64 and in
Mango orchard BCR is 1.88. BCR is lower in jhum cultivation than mango orchards
as well as polluting the environment. Jhum cultivation is not possible every year in the
same land because farmers do not use chemical fertilizer in their fields and there is no
irrigation management. So, for higher production and higher returns, most of the
farmers are shifting from jhum to mango and other orchards, which ensure their basic
needs
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF LETTUCE GROWN IN A ROOFTOP GARDEN
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Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Botany,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL BOTANY
SEMESTER: JANUARY-JUNE, 2021A pot experiment was conducted in the rooftop garden of Agricultural Botany Department of
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to study the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers
on yield and antioxidant properties of lettuce during November 2019 to May 2020. The
twelve (12) treatments are T
0
= Soil 100%, T
1
= Soil 100% + Inorganic fertilizer, T
= Soil
80% + Cowdung 20%, T
3
= Soil 90% + Vermicompost 10% , T
= Soil 95% + Biochar 5%
, T
5
= Soil 80% + Cow dung 20% + Inorganic fertilizer, T
6
4
= Soil 90% + Vermicompost 10%
+ Inorganic fertilizer, T
7
= Soil 95% + Biochar 5% + Inorganic fertilizer, T
= Soil 70% +
Cow dung 20% + Vermicompost 10% + Inorganic fertilizer, T
= Soil 75% +Cow dung 20%
+ Biochar 5% + Inorganic fertilizer, T
10
9
= Soil 85%+ Vermicompost 10% + Biochar 5% +
Inorganic fertilizer, T
= Soil 65% + Cowdung 20% + Vermicompost 10% + Biochar 5% +
Inorganic fertilizer were taken in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. The results of this study showed the
significant effect on shoot growth of lettuce to different treatments. Both organic and
inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the growth of lettuce. The growth parameter such
as plant height, leaf number, shoot fresh and dry weight increased with sole or combined
application of cowdung, vermicompost and biochar in soil than control (T
11
). But the addition
of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer exhibited negative effects on shoot growth but
soil along with inorganic fertilizers (T
1
) increased shoot growth than control (T
0
). The highest
fresh weight as yield of lettuce was recorded from the treatment of T
(Soil 90% +
Vermicompost 10%) while the lowest yield (82.23 g) was obtained from control (T
). The
pattern of root growth was inconstant with the shoot growth to different treatment and
suggested that inorganic fertilizers dominating the root growth than shoot growth. The
different antioxidant compounds of lettuce leaf such as vitamin C, phenolic and flavonoid
content increased with sole application of organic fertilizers and combined application of
inorganic and organic fertilizers in more than control (T
). But inorganic fertilizers decreased
the vitamin C, phenolic and flavonoid content. These antioxidant compounds content were
constant with the DPPH activity with low IC
50
0
value. The IC
values obtained from the
DPPH radical scavenging assay. The IC
50
50
values of DPPH radical scavenging activity highly
correlated with total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Therefore, the results
recorded that sole application of organic fertilizers improved the yield and quality of lettuce
than sole application of inorganic fertilizers, and even combined application of organic and
inorganic fertilizers in soil media grown under rooftop garden conditions.
8
3
0
2
PROBLEMS FACED BY THE FARMERS IN USING AGRICULTURAL MACHINERIES
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIONThe main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of problems faced by the
farmers in using agricultural machineries. The study was carried out in Uthrail union
of Sadar upazila and 6 no. Nijpara union of Birganj upazila under Dinajpur district. One
hundred and eighteen (118) farmers were selected as sample from an updated list of
1183 farmers. Data were collected by a pre-tested interview schedule during 15 April
2022 to 15 May 2022. Simple and direct questions with different scales were used to
obtain information. Problems were measured by constructing 5-point rating scale. Coefficient
of
correlation
(r)
was
computed
to
explore
the
relationships
between
the
eleven
selected
characteristics of the farmers and their problems faced in using agricultural
machineries. The highest problems faced by the farmers was ‘Fragmented land’
(PFI=401). The second important problems faced by the farmers was observed ‘High
price of machineries’ (PFI=383). The 3
x
rd
important problems faced by the farmers was
observed ‘High price of fuel’ (PFI=359). Majority (70.3 percent) of the farmers had
medium problems faced, 16.1 percent had low problems faced and 13.6 percent had
high problems faced in using agricultural machineries. Among eleven selected
characteristics education, farm size, annual income, knowledge on agricultural
machineries and use of agricultural machineries of the farmers had negative significant
relationships with their problems faced in using agricultural machineries. However,
age, family size, farming experience, training received, agricultural extension media
contact and attitude of farmers towards using agricultural machineries had no
significant relationships with their problems faced in using agricultural machineries.
Findings leads to conclude that socio-economic characteristics have influence on
problems faced by the farmers in using agricultural machineries and concerned
authority should take necessary action to reduce problems of the farmers associated
with agricultural machineries focusing on those significant influencing characteristics
EFFECT OF BARI IMO SOLUTION WITH INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CARROT
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
HORTICULTUREThe experiment was conducted at the Olericulture Research Field-2, Horticulture
Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur,
Gazipur during the November, 2019 to February, 2020 to evaluate the effect of BARI
IMO solution with inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of carrot. The
experiment consisted of two following factors as Factor A: Four levels of IMO
(Indigenous micro-organisms) solution, viz., S
0
= Control (No IMO solution), S
= 150
ml/L IMO solution, S
2
= 250 ml/L IMO solution, S
= 350 ml/L IMO solution and
Factor B: Four levels of inorganic fertilizer, viz., F
1
3
= 25% RDF (Recommended Dose
of Fertilizer), F
2
= 50% RDF, F
3
= 75% RDF, F
= 100% RDF. The experiment was
laid out in RCBD design with three replications. Various data and parameters were
recorded during the experiment. In case of IMO solution, the highest yield (24.52
t/ha) was found in S
3
4
and the lowest was observed in S
. In combined application of
IMO solution and inorganic fertilizers, the highest root length (18.67 cm), root
diameter (4.87 cm), root pith flesh ratio (2.14), root dry matter content (17.78%),
marketable yield (25.24 t/ha), TSS (9.07%), β carotene content (36.85%), total sugar
content (11.09%) and reducing sugar content (3.03%) were found from the treatment
combination of S
3
F
3
whereas, S
0
F
1
0
showed the lowest results. Likewise, the maximum
yield (26.49 t/ha) was also recorded from S
3
F
whereas, the minimum yield (15.20
t/ha) was found in S
0
F
1
3
. The highest BCR (2.58) was obtained from the treatment
combination in S
3
F
3
whereas, the lowest result was observed from S
. Therefore,
S
3
F
is considered to be the most effective treatment combination (350 ml/L and 75%
RDF) for increasing growth, yield and quality of carrot
FARMERS’ AWARENESS ON SAFE FEED FOR CULTIVATION OF CARP FISH
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Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
In partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMThe purpose of this study was to determine the extent of awareness towards safe fish feed by the
carp fish farmers and to explore the relationships between the selected characteristics of the fish
farmers and their awareness. Data were collected from 101 fish farmers of 2 unions of Kishorganj
Upazila under Nilphamari district. An interview schedule followed by a pretested structured
questionnaire was used for data collection during the period from 15 January, 2021 to 14 February,
2021. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage and Pearson’s Product
Moment Coefficient of Correlation (r) were used for data analysis. About 44.5 percent of the
farmers had moderate awareness compared to 34.7 percent of them having highly aware and 20.8
percent having less awareness. Thus, the vast majority (78.2 percent) of the farmers’ have
moderate to highly awareness. Farmer’s education, experience in fish farming, time spending in
farm, annual income from pond fish farming, extension media contact and training exposure had
significant positive relationship with the awareness by the fish farmers. Farmer’s Age and Family
size had no significant relationship with the awareness by the fish farmers. It was recommended
that step should be taken by the concern authority for strengthening the farmers’ capacity for increasing the awareness towards safe feed for carp cultivation by the fish farmers
EVALUATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND YIELD OF PAKCHOI UNDER DIFFERENT LED-LIGHT SPECTRUM IN VERTICAL GROW-HOUSE
Get PDFA Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
In Partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
HORTICULTUREThe present study was carried out at the roof top (indoor structure) of Dr. M. Wazed
Mia Central Laboratory, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. during the
period from November 2020 to December 2020 to study the improvement of plant
growth and yield of Pakchoi under different LED-light spectrum in vertical farming.
Six treatments of the experiment viz. (i) T
(Fluorescent light – Full; control), (ii)
T
W
(White - Full), (iii) T
R
(Red - Full), (iv) T
FL-T5
ii
B
(Blue - Full), (v) T
(Red and Blue -
4:1) and (vi) T
RBG
RB
(Red, Blue with Green - 4:1:1) were laid out in a Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. PPFD of different LED light
was maintained at 115 µmol/m
2
/s and duration was 16 hrs per day. Results showed
that the highest plant height (24.41 cm), number of leaves plant
-1
(14.33) and leaf
breadth (9.10 cm) were found from the treatment T
(Red and Blue - 4:1) but the
highest leaf length (18.23 cm) was from the treatment T
RB
(White - Full) whereas the
lowest plant height (17.68 cm), number of leaves plant
-1
W
(9.00), leaf length (16.50 cm)
and leaf breadth (4.22 cm) were found from the treatment T
(Red - Full). Treatment
T
RB
R
(Red and Blue - 4:1) also registered the highest stem diameter (1.20 cm), average
diameter of whole plant (8.24 cm), leaf base breadth (1.92 cm), fresh weight plant
(336.67 g), total yield (1.29 kg) and total soluble solids (9.24 °Brix) but the highest
vitamin-C content (41.81 mg/100g) was achieved from T
(Red, Blue with Green -
4:1:1) whereas T
B
RBG
(Blue - Full) gave the highest SPAD value (42.04) and moisture
content (94.12%). The lowest stem diameter (0.70 cm) was recorded from the
treatment T
(Blue - Full) but the lowest diameter of whole plant (6.08 cm), fresh
weight plant
B
-1
(120.00 g), leaf base breadth (1.36 cm) and total yield (0.18 kg) of the
experimental area were recorded from the treatment T
(Red, Blue with Green -
4:1:1). T
W
(White - Full) showed lowest SPAD value (34.60) but T
RBG
(Red - Full) gave
the lowest vitamin-C content (38.24mg/100g). From the above results, the treatments
of different LED-light spectrum in vertical farming, T
RB
R
(Red and Blue - 4:1) can be
considered as the best treatment followed by control treatment T
(Fluorescent
light - Full) among all the treatments
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SALICYLIC ACID AND ZINC SULPHATE LEVELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SQUASH UNDER NET HOUSE CONDITION
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
HORTICULTUREA field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka during the period from November 2020 to February 2021. The
experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three
replications. The experiment had two factors (Different levels of salicylic acid, S
0
=
No salicylic acid (control), S
1
= 60 ppm of salicylic acid, S
2
= 90 ppm of salicylic acid
and different levels of zinc, Z
0
= No zinc sulphate (control), Z
1
= 25 ppm of zinc
sulphate, Z
2
= 50 ppm of zinc sulphate. Different levels of salicylic, zinc sulphate and
also their combinations showed significant influence on different growth, yield
contributing parameters and yield of squash. The treatment, S
2
showed highest results
in fruit yield per plant (2.42 Kg), fruit yield per plot (9.68 kg) and fruit yield per ha
(37.83 t) compared to control. In case of zinc treatments, the highest results in fruit
yield per plant (2.59 Kg), highest fruit yield per plot (10.38 kg) and highest fruit yield
per ha (31.74 t) were found from Z
1
compared to control. Likewise, the treatment
combination of S
2
Z
1
(90 ppm of salicylic acid and 25 ppm of zinc sulphate) gave the
highest fruit yield per plant (3.04 Kg) fruit yield per plot (12.18 kg) and highest yield
per ha (47.57 t) where the lowest results were found from the treatment combination
of S
0
Z
0
(control). The highest gross return (Tk 1189425), net return (Tk 881669) and
BCR (3.86) were obtained from the treatment combination of S
2
Z
1
where the lowest
was obtained from S
0
Z
0
. It can be concluded that from economic point of view, S
2
(90 ppm of salicylic acid and 25 ppm of zinc sulphate) treatment combination is
suitable for squash cultivation than other treatment combination
FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS ANALYSIS OF F1 POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM 7X7 HALF DIALLEL CROSS IN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.)
Get PDFA thesis
submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
SEMESTER: JULY-DECEMBER, 2021The study was conducted to evaluate the 21 F
1
hybrids of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea
L.) for yield and eleven yield attributes and fatty acid compositions. The seven parents
including one canola grade genotype were mated in rabi season 2019-20 to develop 21 F
1
hybrids. These F
1
lines and their parents were used to estimate the genetic variability,
combining ability, heterosis and fatty acid compositions at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University during rabi season 2020-21 in a randomized complete block design with three
replications. High heritability in broad sense was observed for all the traits except days to
siliqua maturity, siliqua length (cm) and seeds per siliqua; suggested that major proportions
of total variance was due to high genotypic effects. Higher σ
2
gca than σ
2
sca was found in
days to first flowering, 50% flowering, plant height and harvest index indicating additive
genetic effects were predominant for these traits. Furthermore, days to siliqua maturity
(51.02%) of the F
1
lines displayed high narrow sense heritability; and plant height
(46.28%), days to first flowering (42.52%) and seeds per siliqua (33.56%) showed
moderate narrow sense heritability. The parental lines P1, P3 and P4 were found as the best
general combiner for earliness and dwarfness. For yield contributing traits, the parents, P2
and P7 showed the best combiner genotypes. Among the cross combinations, the hybrids
G3, G7, G11 and G13 indicated the best specific combiners for yield and yield attributes.
While the crosses, G4, G6, G17 and G21 found for early maturity and short stature trait.
The hybrid G3 followed by G5 and G17 manifested the highest heterosis for early maturity
over both the better parent and check variety BARI sharisha-11. In case of plant height, the
hybrids G4, G14 and G21 whereas hybrid G7 followed by G1, G11 and G13 manifested
the highest desirable heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for yield and yield related traits.
In the fatty acid compositions analysis, the parent P6 had the lowest erucic acid (0.81%);
while the cross combination G19-S4 (22.14%) and G5-S1 (22.19%) contained low erucic
acid. In hybrids, total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) ranged from 10.81% (G5-S1) to 16.53%
(G20-S1), whereas mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was ranged from 40.60% (G20S2)
to
59.18%
(G5-S1).
The
ratio
of
oleic
acid
(ω-9)
to
linoleic
(ω-6)
acid
was
found
the
highest
in P6 (1.70) followed by G5-S1 (1.19). Moreover, P6 (4.21) showed the highest
ratio of linoleic (ω-6) to linolenic (ω-3) acid followed by G19-S4 (3.58). Considering the
altogether, the hybrids viz., G4, G5, G7, G11, G17, G19 and G21 were selected and these
lines could be utilized further to develop early matured and high yielding having low erucic
acid, but higher ω-9, ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids containing improved variety