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IN VITRO EVALUATION OF TEBUCONAZOLE ON Magnaporthe oryzae triticum TO CONTROL BLAST OF WHEAT: IN PROCESSES OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE RESPONSES
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Submitted to the Department of Plant Pathology,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
or the degree of
CAUSED BY Alternaria spp.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
PLANT PATHOLOGYBlast is an important disease of wheat that significantly reduces the plant growth and
productivity. Proper management can ameliorate dysfunction in and improve the plant
growth and productivity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the
protective role of the tebuconazole fungicide in helping wheat seedlings to tolerate
blast disease. Ten-day-old hydroponically grown seedlings were allowed to
inoculation of Magnaporthe oryzae triticum (MoT) spore suspension and with the
tebuconazole fungicides (0.3 g L
−1
) for the next six days. The inoculation of MoT
spore suspension deteriorated the growth of the wheat seedlings by increasing the
number of infected plant and leaf lesions. Among the varieties, lower blast symptom
was observed in BARI Gom 33 (V2P) compared to BARI Gom 26 (V1P). The
malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased by 102.80 and 163.96% in BARI Gom 26
and BARI Gom 33, respectively compared to control. Shoot and root electrolyte
leakage also increased by MoT inoculation. Therefore, the level of H
also
increased that observed in histochemical detection. The infection of blast disease,
relative water content decreased by 50.18 and 51.26% in BARI Gom 26 and BARI
Gom 33, respectively compared to control plant. Photosynthetic pigment such as Chl
a, Chl b, Chl (a+b), and carotenoid contents also reduced by blast infection. Thus the
growth and biomass of wheat seedlings were decreased. However, tebuconazole
fungicide reduced the oxidative damage by reducing MDA, electrolyte leakage,
H
2
O
2
and O
2
•−
production. Therefore, improved relative water content and
photosynthetic pigments as well as improved the growth and biomass of wheat
seedlings. These results indicate the exogenous application of tebuconazole fungicide
is a promising approach to improve blast tolerance in wheat plants. Further
investigation is needed under field conditions to determine the blast-tolerance induced
by tebuconazole fungicide applicatio
SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF GINGER CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF NILPHAMARI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
Get PDFA thesis submitted to the department of Agricultural Economics, Sher-e-Bangla
Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSThe study was aimed to assess the cost, return, and profitability of ginger farming in
specific districts of Bangladesh. It has potential to be marketed both domestically and
internationally. Bangladesh's Nilphamari district makes a major contribution to the
nation's overall production of ginger. In this region, the climate and land composition are
suitable for ginger growth. The aim of this study is to explore the performance of ginger
cultivating in this district and to identify the challenges and prospects of ginger cultivation
.This research made use of primary data. The study indicates that the gross margin, net
return, and return per hectare were found to be Tk.738038.76, Tk.568259.09, and
Tk.1053910.6 respectively. Necessary descriptive and statistical analyses are done to
achieve the objectives. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to assess the
impacts of various inputs on ginger cultivation, and the undiscounted benefit-cost ratio
for ginger cultivation was 2.17 in this study. The result found that ginger cultivation was
profitable. According to the Cobb-Douglas production function, ginger production has a
decreasing return to scale. The model's co-efficient of multiple determination R
was 0.40
for ginger cultivation, indicating that the explanatory variables included in the model
explained approximately 40% of the variation in gross return .Farmers in the research
region stated that challenges such as the occurrence of root rot disease, high seed prices,
insect infestation, and so on are major problems for their production and require the
attention of the appropriate authority to solve
CLIMATIC HAZARDS AND CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN SOUTHERN PART OF BANGLADESH
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGROFORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEDue to its geographic location and geomorphic characteristics, Bangladesh is extremely
vulnerable to climate change and natural catastrophes. The purpose of this study was to
identify the climate hazards, the present state of use of Climate Smart Agriculture
(CSA) Technology, and the benefits of using such technology in the southern part of
Bangladesh. A survey was conducted in 2021 at Taltoli upazila of Barguna district and
Kalapara upazila of Patuakhali district among 120 farmers. From the survey, it was
found that about 75 percent of the respondents understand about climate-smart
agriculture. Adaptive strategies were ranked by calculating a dependent variable named
adaptation strategy index (ASI). Saline-tolerant crop varieties, Sunflower cultivation
and watermelon cultivation were the highest-ranked strategies. Survey results showed
that farmers obtained various social, economic, technical and psychological benefits
from CSA practices. The results also indicate that lack of irrigation water ranked first
and seems to be the most severe problem for the farmers followed by inadequate
provision of sluice gates. Farmer's CSA technology adaptation has been calculated
using a Nobel index named CSAT (CSA Technology Index). A statistical analysis of
data showed that educational status, number of earning family members and income of
the farmer had significant influence on the farmer's ability to adopt CSA practices
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Magnaporthe oryzae AND SCREENING RICE GERMPLASMS AGAINST RICE BLAST
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Experiments were conducted at Mycology Laboratory, Department of Plant
Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from July 2018 to June
2021 to study morphological and molecular characterization of rice blast pathogen
Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) that has become a major factor limiting rice yield
throughout the world. Initially survey was done in twenty (20) rice growing
districts of Bangladesh and rice blast samples (infected leaf, neck and node) were
collected. Five different media including Water Agar (WA), Potato Dextrose Agar
(PDA), Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA), Rice flour Yeast Agar (RN A) and Oat Meal
Agar (OMA) were used to compare growth of Mo. Colony characters like growth
character, color, surface structure and shape of 100 Mo isolates were recorded in
OMA. Isolates were pathogenic to US2 and BRRI Dhan 28. In molecular
identification (ITS rDNA gene) PCR using primer pairs ITS I/ITS4 yielded
approximately 600 bp band of amplification product for representative isolates of
Magnaporthe. Among the five different growth media highest mycelia growth
rate was observed in OMA and lowest in WA. Colony color of all the isolates was
whitish, greenish, brownish, white gray, light brown etc. Six (6) resistant
germplasms were screened against Mo and would be useful in future rice blast
resistant variety development program.
Keywords: variation, Magnaporthe oryzae oryzae, screening, rice genotype, resistant, blas
PERFORMANCE OF SEAWEED ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED CABBAGE BY REDUCING PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTUREThe experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm of Sher -e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from October 2021 to March 2022. The
experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Three seaweed treatment viz. S
0
(control;
water), S
1
(seaweed extract 2 ml/L) and S
2
(seaweed extract 4 ml/L) and Factor B: Four
phosphorus treatment viz. P
0
(control; 100% P), P
1
(90% P), P
2
(80% P) and P
3
(70% P).
The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three
replications. Regarding combined effect of seaweed and inorganic fertilizer application,
most of the studied parameters including growth, yield and yield contributing parameters
were significantly influenced. In case of different levels of seaweed the highest (37.73 t
ha
-1
) was found from the treatment S
2
(seaweed extract 4 ml/L) followed by S
1
(seaweed
extract 2 ml/L) whereas the lowest marketable cabbage yield (36.82 t ha
) was obtained
from the treatment S
0
(control; water). For different levels of phosphorus the highest
marketable cabbage yield (39.38 t ha
-1
) was observed from the treatment P
2
(80% P)
followed by P
1
(90% P) whereas the lowest marketable cabbage yield (31.44 t ha
) was
achieved from the treatment P
3
(70% P). For the combined effect the highest yield of
cabbage (42.20 t ha
-1
) was obtained from S
2
P
2
followed by S
1
P
1
and the lowest result
(30.73 t ha
-1
) was found from the treatment combination of S
0
P
3
. In terms of economic
analysis, the highest gross return (Tk. 506400.00), net return (Tk. 273700.00) and BCR
(2.18) was obtained from S
2
P
2
followed by S
1
P
1
whereas the lowest gross return (Tk.
368760.00), net return (Tk. 140838.00) and BCR (1.62) was obtained from S
0
. So, it
can be summarized that S
2
P
2
has
given the maximum output in terms of benefit cost ratio
(BCR) and this treatment combination was considered as the best compared to other
treatment combinations
FARMERS’ INNOVATIVENESS ON MODERN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN NILPHAMARI SADAR UPAZILA
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION & INFORMATION SYSTEMIt is indeed true that agricultural mechanization is changing the face of farming
across the world. Bangladesh is an agriculture based country. Mechanization is
also upgrading the agriculture sector. Most of the people of our country is related
with agriculture. But due to low knowledge on agricultural operation or modern
agricultural machineries operation the farmer faced huge loss on crop production.
That’s why the modern agricultural machineries need in agriculture sector to
increase crop production. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the extent
of innovativeness of the farmers on modern agricultural machinery. The study
was conducted in the Nilphamari district’s Tupamari union of the sadar upazilla.
From a revised list of 1021 farmers, 101 farmers were chosen as the sample.
Between December 14, 2022 and January 15, 2023, data were gathered using pretested
interview schedule. In order to obtain information simple and direct
questions with different scales were used. In order to quantify innovativeness, a
5-point rating scale was constructed. Co-efficient of correlation(r) was computed
to explore the relationship between the nine characteristics of the farmers and
their innovativeness on modern agricultural machinery. Among nine
characteristics Farm size, area under mechanization, annual family income,
extension media contact had significant positive relationship with innovativeness
on modern agricultural machinery. Age, education, family size, organizational
participation however, did not significantly influence one another. About 6.9
percent and 12.9 percent farmers who had high and low high innovativeness on
modern machineries, other hand 80.2 percent had medium innovativeness
MITIGATION OF NICKEL STRESS IN RICE BY EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF BIOCHAR AND CHITOSAN
Get PDFA Thesis Submitted to
The Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRONOMYNickel (Ni) is considered as an essential micronutrient for plants, but it becomes
phytotoxic at supra-optimal level which leads to inhibition of seed germination,
growth and yield reduction as a response of physiological and biochemical
dysfunction. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the shed house of the
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207,
Bangladesh from December 2020 to April 2021 in order to investigate the
morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv.
BRRI dhan96) upon exposure to different levels of Ni and to study the protective role
of biochar (BC) and chitosan (CHT) in mitigating Ni stress. Twenty-one days after
transplanting (DAT), rice seedlings were exposed to Ni stress by treating with 0.5,
1.0, and 2.0 mM NiSO
4
•6H
2
O for four times. Exogenous supplementation of BC (0.5
g kg
−1
soil) was done once before seedling transplantation and the CHT (200 mg L
)
was applied at seven-day intervals from 14 DAT to panicle initiation as foliar spray.
The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three
replications and all the obtained data was subjected to one-way analysis of variance.
Exposure to Ni stress exhibited a notable increase in hydrogen peroxide content, lipid
peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage indicating Ni-mediated oxidative damages in the
rice plants. Consequently, the Ni stressed plants showed a reduction of plant height,
tillers hill
–1
, leaf area, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry
weight, soil and plant analysis development value, and yield attributes in a dose
dependent manner. The relative water content of the Ni treated plants also reduced
with a concomitant increase in the proline accumulation. Supplementation with BC
and CHT mitigated the deleterious effects of Ni toxicity in plants as reflected in
enhanced growth and physiological attributes under different levels of Ni. Increase of
ascorbate and glutathione with the concomitant reduction of dehydroascorbate and
glutathione disulfide was observed when BC and CHT was supplemented in the Ni
stressed plants. Moreover, the yield attributes such as effective tillers hill
, panicle
length, rachis panicle
–1
, filled grains panicle
–1
, and 1000-grain weight were also
increased when BC and CHT were applied, thus the grain yield hill
was increased
under Ni stress. These findings indicated a protective role of BC and CHT against Niinduced
damages
by enhancing
physiological
and
biochemical
processes
of
rice
USE OF IMPROVED PRACTICES IN MAIZE PRODUCTION
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION & INFORMATION SYSTEMThe objectives of this study were to describe the selected characteristics of the farmers;
to determine the extent of use of improved practices in maize production and to explore
the contributions of the selected characteristics of the farmers to their use of improved
practices by the farmers’ in maize production. The study was conducted with randomly
selected 106 maize cultivators in Alamdanga upazilla under Chuadanga. A pre-tested
interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents during January 20 to
February 20, 2022. Use of improved practices in maize production was the dependent
variable and its was measured on the basis of use practices. Ten selected characteristics
of the respondents considered the independent variables of the study multiple
regressions was used to examine the contribution of the selected characteristics of the
respondents. The highest proportion (67.93 percent) of the farmers had medium use of
improved practices and 14.15 percent and 17.92 percent farmers have high and low use
of improved practices. Four characteristics of the respondent’s viz. farm size, annual
family income, experience in maize production and extension media contact of the
respondents had significant positive contribution to their use of improved practices.
Therefore, it can be recommended that initiative should be taken by the DAE with the
help of other relevant organizations to increase these facilities (significant factors) to
improve the scenario regarding use of improved practices
A STUDY ON MANGROVE COVER DYNAMICS AND CLIMATIC VARIABILITY IN SUNDARBANS USING REMOTE SENSING AND MACHINE LEARNING
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGROFORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEThe dynamics of forest density of Sundarbans is crucial for Bangladesh. Climatic variability
has a gigantic impact on this mangrove forest cover dynamicity. Changes in temperature,
precipitation, and evapotranspiration patterns have been proposed as factors influencing
changes in the composition and spatial distribution of mangrove species. To monitor this
changing pattern of mangrove forest in Sundarbans and its climatic variability advanced
techniques such as remote sensing and machine learning need to be applied. The main purpose
of this research was to analyze the relationship between meteorological variables and dynamics
of mangrove forest density mainly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and to
predict it based on this meteorological variable over the Sundarbans, using the last 30 years’
time period (1992 to 2021) data. To investigate the changing pattern, the overall 30 years were
split into ten years as follows (i) 1992 to 2001, (ii) 2002 to 2011, and (iii) 2012 to 2021. Firstly,
the 30-year Landsat satellite data was analyzed using the Google Earth engine to determine the
changing nature of NDVI at Sundarbans; then, the meteorological variables changing nature
were analyzed along with the NDVI to see the relationships among them. Finally, machine
learning algorithms (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine with Radial Basis Function, and
Support Vector Machine with Polynomial Function were used to predict the NDVI over
Sundarbans using the relationships between NDVI and maximum & and minimum
temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration. It has been found that the Random
Forest model performs well for predicting the NDVI over Sundarbans as it has a lower mean
squared and mean absolute error
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN MUSKMELON (Cucumis melo L.)
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Submitted to faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDINGAn experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka, during
Kharif I, 2020 using thirteen muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) genotype to study the
genetic variability among the genotype in a randomized complete block design with three
replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for various traits
among genotypes. For all of the characters, phenotypic variance are greater than
genotypic variance. The number of fruits per plant (47.73), single fruit weight (52.55),
and yield plant per plant (90.40) all had high genotypic co-efficients of variation (GCV).
High heritability with high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed in number
of fruits per plant (86.05), single fruit weight (99.12), rind thickness (24.33) and yield
plant per plant (93.47) which indicated that these traits would be effective for genetic
improvement. High heritability with low genetic advance in percent of mean was
observed in days to first male flowering (59.93) and days to first female flowering
(60.15). The result revealed a highly significant positive correlation with plant height
(rg= 0.615, rp= 0.541), number of branches per plant (rg= 0.698, rp= 0.530), number of
fruits per plant (rg= 0.652, rp= 0.703), single fruit weight(rg= 0.854, rp= 0.778), rind
thickness (rg= 0.579, rp= 0.517), and flash thickness (rg= 0.664, rp= 0.649) to yield per
plant. Thirteen muskmelon genotypes were grouped into four cluster. Cluster III
exhibited maximum 5 genotypes while cluster I had only 2 genotypes. Among four
cluster, the highest inter-cluster distance (8.13) was observed between clusters II and IV,
while the lowest (5.164) was observed between clusters I and III. Cluster IV had the
highest intra cluster distance (3.144), while Cluster II had the lowest (0.874). Considering
group distance and phenotypic performances, the inter genotypic crosses between G13
(BD-11268) and G11 (BD-11266); G13 and G12 (BD-11267); G13 and G2 (BD-11254);
G12 and G11; G12 and G2; and G11 and G2 might be suggested for future hybridization
program