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PERFORMANCE OF GROUNDNUT VARIETIES UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRONOMYA pot experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
Bangladesh during February to July 2020 to study the performance of groundnut varieties
under salt stress conditions. The study was conducted by following Randomized
Complete Block Design with three replications and consisted of two factors i.e. variety
(factor A) and salinity (factor B). Fourteen groundnut variety e.g. BINA Chinabadam-4
(V
1
), BINA Chinabadam-5 (V
2
), BINA Chinabadam-6 (V
ii
3
), BINA Chinabadam-8 (V
),
BINA Chinabadam-9 (V
5
), BINA Chinabadam-10 (V
6
), Dhaka-1 (V
), BARI
Chinabadam-5 (V
8
), BARI Chinabadam-6 (V
9
), BARI Chinabadam-8 (V
), BARI
Chinabadam-9 (V
10
), BARI Chinabadam-10 (V
11
), Zhingabadam (V
) and Bashanti
(V
14
) were grown in three levels of salinity such as 0 mM NaCl (S
0
13
7
9
), 50 mM NaCl (S
)
and 100 mM NaCl (S
). Different levels of salinity were induced to the pots at 30, 40 and
45 DAP. Experimental result revealed that the BINA Chinabadam-9 produced the highest
seed and pod yield compared with other groundnut varieties under controlled and saline
conditions. However, exposure of salinity decreased yield of groundnut by decreasing
growth, pod number, pod weight, seed number and seed yield. Compared with controlled
conditions, the highest seed and stover yield reduction was observed in BINA
Chinabadam-5 and BARI Chinabadam-10. Exposure of 50 mM NaCl decreased seed
yield by 52% and stover yield by 28% of BINA Chinabadam-5 variety when compared
with untreated control. Under 100 mM NaCl, the highest seed yield reduction was
recorded in BINA Chinabadam-5 (80%). Bashanti showed lowest yield reduction under
50 mM and 100 mM NaCl-stressed conditions. Considering the yield and yield reduction
performances under saline conditions, Bashanti is most salt tolerant variety and BINA
Chinabadam-5 is most salt sensitive variety
EFFECT OF IRRADIATION AND 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON SHELF LIFE AND POST- HARVEST QUALITY OF ONION BULBS UNDER AMBIENT STORAGE CONDITION
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTUREThe experiment was carried out at the Postharvest Laboratory of the Department
of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University in Dhaka to observe the
effects of irradiation and 1-MCP on shelf life and postharvest quality of onion
bulbs during the period from March 2022 to June 2022. The onion variety used
in this experiment was Indian Mori kata piaz. The experiment comprised four
levels of gamma irradiation viz., I
0
= 0.00Gy, I
1
= 10Gy, I
2
= 60Gy, I
3
= 120Gy
and four levels of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) viz., M
0
= 0.00 ppm, M
1
=
150 ppm, M
2
= 300 ppm, M
3
= 450 ppm were used in this experiment. The
experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three
replications. Data revealed that Physiological weight loss and the rotting
percentage were higher in the untreated (control) bulbs. In gamma radiation
treatment, the minimum weight loss (17.01%), rooting percentage (7.9%) at 90
DAS. Maximum shelf life (110.83 days) of onion was found in I
3
treatment. In
different 1-MCP treatment, the minimum weight loss (17.88%), minimum
rotting percentage (12.61%), minimum total soluble solid (15.75 ºBrix) at 90
DAS. Maximum shelf life (103 days) of onion was found in M
3
treatment. The
gamma irradiation treatment at 120 Gy in combination with 450 ppm 1-MCP
preserved the quality of the onion bulbs for approximately 120 days under
ambient condition. From the results, it may be concluded that treatment I
3
(120 Gy+ 450 ppm 1-MCP) could be used to prolong shelf life, reduce rotting
percentage and quality retention of onion
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE HYDROPONIC TECHNIQUES
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Hydroponic culture provides an instant and long-term solution to the problem of
inability to produce vegetables and it allows for uninterrupted year-round
vegetable production. But the disadvantages of hydroponics are high costs of
capital and energy inputs, and high degree of management skills required for
successful production in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a lowcost
and simple hydroponic system of crops like sweet pepper that can be
increasingly popular in Bangladesh. Three experiments were conducted from July
2018 to March 2021 to develop a low-cost and simple hydroponic cultivation
system of sweet pepper funded by Social Science Research Council (SSRC),
Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, and Government of Bangladesh.
Firstly, different concentrations of nutrient solution were tested for sweet pepper
in semi-greenhouse. A suitable concentration of Rahman and Inden (2012)
solution was identified for sweet pepper. Sweet pepper was performed better in
respect of quality and higher yield when applied 3/4th strength of Rahman and
Inden (2012) solution. This study indicated that sweet pepper can be grown
successfully by applying Rahman and Inden (2012) as mentioned above strength
in soilless system in the tropical areas like Bangladesh.
Secondly, cow dung slurry as an alternative liquid fertilizer source was used with
Rahman and Inden (2012) nutrient solution in soilless culture of sweet pepper. It
is a less expensive alternative liquid fertilizer source as an addition in the standard
solution. It can reduce crop production cost. But without testing its effect on
growth, quality, and yield, it may not be suitable for use an alternative fertilizer in
a sustainable production system. In this study, cow dung slurry 400 ml + 3/t
strength standard nutrient solution was suitable for sweet pepper hydroponic
culture with higher yield of high-quality produces. Therefore, it suggests that cow
dung slurry, an alternative liquid fertilizer source, can be used in soilless culture.
Finally, a low-cost and simple (LCS) hydroponics structure was developed for
growing sweet pepper in Bangladesh. It was easy to make and low-cost that can
be used in commercial production of sweet pepper in Bangladesh.
Keywords: soilless culture, low-cost hydroponics, nutrient solution and capsicu
ENHANCEMENT OF SALT TOLERANCE IN RICE THROUGH PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRONOMYThe ongoing expansion of global salt-affected land is a significant factor limiting crop
growth and yield, particularly for rice. This experiment explores the mitigation of saltinduced
damage
on
rice
(Oryza
sativa
L.
cv
BRRI
dhan100)
by
applying
plant
growthpromoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR) cultures. This experiment followed a completely
randomized design (CRD) and experimental duration was December 2022 to May
2023. where rice seedlings, five and six weeks post-transplanting, were subjected to salt
stress via two treatments with 50 and 100 mM NaCl at seven-day intervals. Bacterial
cultures, comprising endophytic PGPR strains (Bacillus subtilis and B. aryabhattai)
and an epiphytic PGPR strain (B. aryabhattai), were administered at three critical
stages: during transplantation of 42-d-old seedlings, five weeks later at the vegetative
stage at 35 days after transplanting (DAT), and seven weeks later at 49 DAT during
panicle initiation stage. Salt stress prompted osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress in rice
plants, causing a dose-dependent decrease in relative water content, chlorophyll
content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, IAA concentrations, and
various growth parameters. Furthermore, osmotic stress escalated the hydrogen
peroxide content and proline accumulation, while ionic stress disrupted ion balance by
increasing Na
+
and reducing K
+
content. Both types of stress generated reactive oxygen
species, impairing the antioxidant defense system and causing oxidative damage,
visible in heightened malondialdehyde levels and electrolyte leakage. PGPR treatment
alleviated these negative effects by enhancing osmotic and ionic balance, demonstrated
by improved water balance and reduced Na
+
content and Na
+
/K
+
ratio. Additionally,
PGPR fortified the antioxidative defense system in salt-exposed rice plants by
increasing ascorbate and glutathione levels. The introduction of PGPR led to
enhancements in yield attributes (including effective tillers per hill, panicle length,
rachis per panicle, filled grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight), consequently
boosting the grain yield per hill. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential of
PGPR to bolster physiological and biochemical functionality in rice, serving as an
effective buffer against salt stress-induced damag
EFFECT OF GREEN LEAF BIOMASS OF AGROFORESTRY TREE SPECIES ON TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) CULTIVATION
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGROFORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEThe status of soil organic matter in Bangladesh is extremely low. To improve the
amount of soil organic matter, it is required to explore the best organic amendment for
better crop production. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in the Agroforestry
Field Laboratory, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period
from May to October 2020 to find out the response of different leaf biomass
application on growth and yield of tomato cv. BARI Hybrid tomato 8. Ten
experimental treatments such as T
1
-Control, Recommended dose of fertilizer (RFD),
T
2
= ½ RFD, T
3
= Moringa leaf biomass at 10 g/kg soil, T
4
= Moringa leaf biomass 10
g/kg soil + ½ RFD, T
5
= Moringa leaf biomass 5 g/kg soil, T
6
= Moringa leaf biomass
5 g/kg soil + ½ RFD, T
7
= Ipil-ipil leaf biomass 10 g/kg soil, T
8
= Ipil-ipil leaf biomass
10 g/kg soil + ½ RFD, T
9
= Ipil-ipil leaf biomass 5 g/kg soil, T
10
= Ipil-ipil leaf
biomass
5 g/kg soil + ½ RFD were imposed in this study. The experiment was
conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications.
Results showed that green leaf biomass together with ½ RFD substantially or slightly
increased the growth and yield of tomato plant in contrast to ½ RFD and RFD
treatment. The lowest growth and yield is obtained from the ½ RFD. The highest
yield per plant (1.89 kg)
was obtained from T
6
(Moringa leaf biomass 5 g/kg soil + ½
RFD) followed by T
8 (Ipil-ipil leaf biomass 10 g/kg soil + ½ RFD). Among the green
leaf biomass treatment, moringa gave better results than the ipil-ipil. Therefore, this
study suggests that the combined application of green leaf biomass of moringa or ipilipil
with
½
RFD
may
be
used
in
tomato
cultivation
ESTIMATION OF TREE DIVERSITY AND CARBON STOCK AT THAKURGAON SADAR OF THAKURGAON DISTRICT MD. HARUN OR RASHID
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGROFORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEThe study was conducted in Thakurgaon sadar upazila of Thakurgaon district. Five villages
namely Paharbhanga, Bhelajan, Palli-Bidyut Bazar, Jamalpur and Akhanagar were
selected. Among randomly selected 60 homesteads, tree diversity per homestead ranged
from 0 to 2.37 using Shannon Wiener index. Twenty-one (21) different tree species under
15 families were identified, among them Betel nut (Areca catechu) was the most
dominating species and the least dominating species was Tetul (Tamarindus indica).
Among small, medium and large home garden categories, the highest mean tree density ha
1
(355.76) was observed from large home garden which showed the maximum mean basal
area (161.82 m
2
ha
-1
), mean tree carbon (100.61 Mg ha
-1
), SOC (28.02 Mg ha
) and tree C
+ soil C stock (181.13 Mg ha
-1
) compared to medium and small homesteads. Among the
selected areas, the large farmers had the highest daily income from homesteads (Tk. 79.37)
followed by medium and small homesteads. Therefore, the results of the study confirmed
that the selected areas can serve as a valuable ecological means in terms of carbon stock
ECOFRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF THRIPS INFESTING MUNG BEAN
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
ENTOMOLOGYAn experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Farm Dhaka,
Bangladesh to study the ecofriendly management of thrips infesting mung bean, during
March to June 2022 in Kharif season. The experiment was laid out in Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) with twelve treatments i.e. T
ii
1
: Blue sticky trap, T
:
White sticky trap, T
3
: Ecomec 1.8 EC (Abamectin) @ 1ml L
-1
of water, T
: Tracer
45SC (Spinosad) @ 0.5ml L
-1
of water, T
5
: Biotrin 0.5% AS (Matrin) @ 1.4 ml L
of
water, T
6
: Blue sticky trap + Ecomec 1.8 EC @ 1ml L
-1
of water, T
: Blue sticky trap
+ Tracer 45SC (Spinosad) @ 0.5ml L
-1
of water, T
8
7
: Blue sticky trap + Biotrin 0.5%
AS @ 1.4 ml L
-1
of water, T
9
: White sticky trap + Ecomec 1.8 EC @ 1ml L
of water,
T
10
: White sticky trap + Tracer 45SC (Spinosad) @ 0.5ml L
-1
of water, T
: White
sticky trap + Biotrin 0.5% AS @ 1.4 ml L
-1
of water and T
: Untreated (Control).
Thrips infestation in mung bean varies significantly among the treatments. Treatment
T
6
(blue sticky trap + ecomec 1.8 EC @ 1ml L
-1
12
of water) contributed to the best
control of Megalurothrips usitatus and Thrips palmi, recorded the lowest infestation
percentage of leaves (25.80%) shoots (35.10%), flower buds (13.47%) and flowers
(20.46%). On the other hand, the lowest infestation percentage of leaves, shoots, flower
buds and flower was found in untreated control treatment. The T
treatment gave the
highest value in the number of pods per plant (35.33), pod length (8.13 cm), seeds per
pod (11.78), 1000 seeds weight (48.23 g) and yield (1290.6 kg ha
6
-1
). This treatment,
however, has an impact on net return and marginal benefit cost ratio. It produced the
highest net return (Tk 36165/ha) and marginal benefit cost ratio (2.94) when compared
to other treatments. However, considering yield and benefit, T
7
, T
8
and T
were also
found cost effective for the management of thrips on mung bean
IMPACT OF VITAMINS AND SELENIUM ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNITY IN GOLA PIGEON
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Submitted to the Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) IN POULTRY SCIENCEIn the growing poultry industry, pigeon farming is an important agribusiness in
Bangladesh. According to most pigeon owners, common health issues in pigeons
include pigeon pox, Newcastle disease, salmonellosis, and the common cold. An
experiment was conducted to estimate the impact of different combinations of vitamins
and Selenium (Se) on the production performance and immune response against the
Newcastle disease vaccine. A total of 16 pair of Gola pigeon (3 months old) were
randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups namely; T0 (Control), T1 (Basal diet +
Vitamin A, D, E & Se), T2 (Basal diet + Vitamin B-complex), and T3 (Basal diet +
Vitamin A, D, E, B-complex & Se) having 4 replications. The treatment groups (T1, T2
and T3) were vaccinated with the Ranikhet disease vaccine and the control group was
kept unvaccinated. Performance indices indicated non-significant (P>0.05) differences
in final live weight, live weight gain and feed consumption. Statistical analysis revealed
non-significant (P>0.05) differences in egg weight values. However, significant
(P<0.05) differences were found for egg production, shape index and hatchability in the
T1 (23.75), T3 (76.29) and T2 + T3 (87.50) groups respectively. The hemagglutination
inhibition titers of the experimental birds were significantly (P<0.05) different and
higher individual titer was found in the vitamin A, D, E and Se supplemented T1 group
(272). The thymus length and width were the best in group T1, 12.75 and 4.25
respectively with a significant (P<0.05) difference. From the study, it can be concluded
that supplementation of vitamin A, D, E and Se combination gave a better humoral
immune response against Newcastle disease vaccine, egg production, thymus length
and width; supplementation of vitamin B-complex separate supplementation gave only
a better response to egg hatchability, and supplementation of vitamin A, D, E, Bcomplex,
and Se combination gave better performances in egg shape index and
hatchability
ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY AND EXISTING MARKETING CHANNEL OF BORO RICE IN BANGLADESH: STUDY BASED ON SELECTED AREAS OF SHERPUR DISTRICT
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agribusiness Management,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRIBUSINESS AND MARKETINGThis study was undertaken to assess the comparative profitability and existing
marketing channels of boro rice production in Bangladesh. Sherpur district were
selected as these are the surplus rice producing area and it was assumed that as rice is
a homogeneous product so rice price moves in similar way in the whole country by
excluding the transfer costs from one place to another and the findings will provide and
insight about the rice market although the sampling population was very low (only 180
from different rice marketing channels including the grower’s from the study areas). A
total of 80 Boro producing farmers, taking 40 from each Upazila (Sreebardi and
Sherpur sadar) were selected for the study. Again, a total of 100 intermediaries, taking
50 from each Upazila (Sreebardi and Sherpur sadar) such as Faria, Bepari, Arathdar,
miller, and retailer were selected for this study. Survey data were collected using
structured questionnaire in 2021. Tabular technique and statistical analysis were done
to achieve the objectives of the study. The major findings of the study were that the
cultivation of boro rice was profitable from the view point of farmers and the marketing
personnels. The net margins or profits of Faria, Bepari, miller, Arathdar and retailer
were estimated at Tk. 20.25, Tk.15.00, Tk. 24.25, Tk. 20.00 and Tk. 64.00 per quintal
respectively. Retailer received the highest net margin of Tk. 64.00 per quintal followed
by miller, wholesaler and Bepari. The lowest marketing cost might be the possible
reason for the highest net margin of the retailers. Per hectare benefit cost ratio (BCR)
of Boro cultivation was 1.52 was achieved by the boro rice farmers of Sherpur District
Because of intensive care of land and quickly identified disease infestation and took
measurable action and reduced damages. For this reason Boro farmer’s production rate
was higher. Among the intermediaries, Retailer’s net marketing margin were the
highest. The study also showed that farmers producing boro rice faced some problems,
mainly related to production and marketing of the crops. It may be concluded that the
farmers should be encouraged to grow more boro rice as a means of increasing farm
income through diversification of crop production in the area under study
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIGENOUS BIOCONTROL AGENTS
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Submitted to the Department of Plant Pathology,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
or the degree of
CAUSED BY Alternaria spp.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
PLANT PATHOLOGYA study was performed to isolate, identify and characterize the potential indigenous bio control
agents and test them against pathogenic fungi from the rhizosphere soil of crop from different
location (viz. Dhaka, Gazipur, Manikganj, Noakhali, Joypurhat and Rajshahi) and mushroom
substrate (Savar). The experiment was conducted in the MS Laboratory of Department of the
Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during July 2021
to June 2022. Nineteen different indigenous bacterial strains (Rhizobium sp., Mesorhizobium sp.,
Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter sp., Agrobacterium sp., Streptomyces sp., Burkholderia sp.,
Xanthomonas sp., Acidovorax sp., Pectobacterium sp. Erwinia sp., Ralstonia sp., Salinico roseus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus Lactobacillus sp., Thermomonospora sp.
and E. coli) and fifteen indegenous fungal species (Sclerotium sp., Rhizoctonia sp.,
Cunninghamela sp., Chaetomium sp., Alternaria sp., Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp.,
Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus,
Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium sp.) were isolated by dilution plate method using 10
and
10
4
dilution in case of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Bacteria were identified and characterized
by their cultural characteristics; observing 10 biochemical tests response and selective media
growth. In case of fungal species morphological and microscopical observation were done. The
bio-efficacy of the identified indigenous bacteria and fungi were tested and among the isolated
fungi 3 fungal genera were selected as soil borne pathogenic fungi (Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia and
Fusarium oxysporum) for trial in dual culture technique. Only Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride,
T. hamatum, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found effective against the
pathogenic fungi in dual culture technique. In case of fungi the inhibition of Sclerotium sp. was
86.48% by T. harzianum, 89.18% by T. viride and 48.64 % by T. hamatum; inhibition of
Rhizoctonia sp. was 50% by T. harzianum, 62.5% by T. viride and 80% by T. hamatum; and the
inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum was 68.42% by T. harzianum, 70.52% by T. viride and 81.5%.
by T. hamatum. In case of bacteria the inhibition of Sclerotium sp. by Bacillus cereus was 72.98%
and by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 62.16%.; inhibition of Rhizoctona sp. by Bacillus cereus
was 70% and by P. aeruginosa was 50%; inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum by Bacillus cereus
was 66.67% and by P. aeuginosa was 60%. This study filters the potential indigenous biocontrol
agents those can be used as bio-pesticide to develop crop production and reduce the chemical
dependency