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GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDINGThis study was conducted using twenty tomato genotypes to assess the performance
of yield and yield related characters during the period from November, 2022 to April,
2023. Analysis of variance was noticed highly significant of differences for all the
studied characters. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was recorded higher for
all the parameters than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), suggesting
environmental influences on the exposure of all the traits. High heritability was found
for all the characters. High heritability along with high genetic advance in percent of
mean was noted for no of branches per plant, clusters per plant, flowers per cluster,
fruits per cluster, fruits per plant, fruit weight fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit
yield per plant, indicating the presence of additive gene action and suggesting that,
there is a possibility of simple selection based on those character in further breeding.
The correlation coefficient showed that, fruit yield per plant had positive and
significant correlation with fruits per plant (G=0.85, P=0.82), fruit weight (G=0.76,
P= 0.74), fruit length (G=57, P=55), fruit diameter (G=0.79, P=0.76). The path
coefficient analysis revealed that, days to first flowering (3.427), fruits per cluster
(0.139), fruits per plant (1.426), fruit weight (0.239), and fruit diameter (0.572) had
positive and direct effect on the fruit yield per plant. Cluster analysis of the twenty
tomato genotypes produce three different clusters. Cluster I, cluster II, cluster III had
the six, five and nine genotypes, respectively. Cluster II was found to present the
highest value for intra-cluster distance (3.85) and the maximum inter-cluster distance
was noted between the cluster I and cluster III, which is (6.98). Considering the
magnitude of cluster mean and agronomic performances of the tomato genotypes,
from the cluster III, G7 (BD-7276) for minimum plant height, G4 (BD-7265) for
maximum weight of fruit, G8 (BD-7277) for minimum days to first flowering, days to
50% flowering, and days to maturity; and from the cluster II G18 (BARI- 17) for
clusters per plant, flowers per cluster, fruits per cluster, fruits per plant, fruit length,
fruit diameter, and fruit yield per plant could be selected for further breeding program
ASSESSMENT OF PLASTIC AND OTHER ANTHROPOGENIC DEBRIS POLLUTION IN BEACH AND MARlNE HABITATS WITH ITS PREVALENCE IN FISHES OF SAlNT MARTIN'S ISLAND
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Plastics and other anthropogenic debris have become emerging global pollutants
due to their widespread dispersion and potential threats to marine ecosystems. In
the present study, we have evaluated two types of pollution in Saint Martin's
Island (SMI). First, we assessed the abundance and distribution of different
anthropogenic debris (i.e. marine debris) comprising large/macro plastic (MaP;
Size: 2:5 mm) items (e.g., plastic bottle, snacks and polythene packet etc.) and
other debris materials (e.g., paper, cloth, wood, metal etc.) on the beach and
underwater habitat. Secondly, microplastic (MP) concentration was assessed in
the beach sand, marine waters, and three coral-associated fish species of SMI with
their chemical composition (polymer types). Both field study and laboratory
analysis were performed in the present study.
After first arrival of the research team at SMI for the present study, a beach
cleaning activity was performed by the research team and volunteers from where
available marine debris (MDB) of SMI was collected and counted. A total of 2549
items of MDB were counted for a combined weight of 62.35 kg from 10
collection sites during the beach cleaning event which contained a total of
nineteen types of MDB, namely plastic bottles, snacks packets, soft plastic,
coconut shell, straw, hard plastic, transparent polythene, tin can, paper, cloth, net,
rope, wood, cork sheet, glass, rubber, metal, foam and mask.
In the assessment of daily accumulation of debris particularly by tourists along
with other people, a total of 10153 numbers of MDB (i.e., MaP and other debris
items) for a combined weight of212.81 KG belonging to 20 types were measured
in this study. The densities of MDB ranged from an average of 0.077 -0.446 items
per square meter of beach front. Soft plastic was found to have the highest
(25.91%) followed by snacks packet (20.77%) and plastic bottles (16.07%),
coconut shells (8.66%), paper (5.89%), transparent polythene (4.83%), straw
(3.85%). The other categories of debris like paper, cloth, net, rope, wood, cork
sheet, nylon sacks, glass, rubber, metal, foam, mask were found as the lowest
(less than 3%). Daily accumulation rates for marine debris were the highest on
Saturday (18.05%) followed by Friday (16.95%) and Sunday (14.98%) which denotes more MDB abundance is high in the national holidays when the tourist
number is usually high.
The MP concentration in sediment samples of SMI was 51.67 to 278.33 particles
per kg sand which were counted as 1225.65 to 6213.02 particles/m2 area. The
highest concentration of MPs was found in Site-S (Navy point) whereas the
lowest concentration was found in Site-I (Chera dip). On the other hand, we
measured the average MPs pollution in the marine water samples of SMI as 0.03
particles/m3 of water which varied from 0.014 to 0.059 particles/m i.The highest
concentration of MPs was found in Site-3 (adjacent marine water of Jetty)
whereas the lowest concentration was found in Site-I (marine water near Chera
Dip). In the study of microplastics accumulation in fish, the average size of MPs
found in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides ) was 24-1000
micrometers. The average size of MPs in two spotted red snapper (Lutjanus
bohar) and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) were 540-940 and 150-200
micrometers, respectively.
A total of five types of polymers in microplastics namely, Polyethylene (PE),
Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), high-density low-density Polyethylene
(HDPE), low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) polymers were identified in sand and
water samples. Polyethylene (PE) was found the most dominant (32%) followed
by HDPE (24%), PP (20%) and LDPE (16%). PS was found the lowest as 8%.
A total of 116 items of thirteen types of marine debris (MDB) were found in
underwater habitats and the average marine litter and debris pollution in
underwater habitats varied from 0.12 to 1.18 items/meter. The highest number of
MDB were found Near Jetty Ghat (52%) followed by in front of the coast guard
office (25%). The lowest MDB was found in Jetty ofChera dip (5%).
The possible sources of macroplastic and microplastic in SMI were tourist plastic
waste, nearby market waste, domestic plastic waste, and fish-market plastic waste.
This work provides detailed plastic (macro and micro) pollutants and other
anthropogenic debris data in the beach and water environment of SMI for the first
time. It would be helpful for making effective strategies to deal with
environmental problems of this recently declared MPA.
Two attractive giant sculptures of a coral fish and a sea turtles were set up at the
beach made by using discarded plastic and polythene wastes collected from the
beach. These unique art pieces were made to encourage the tourists and policy
makers reducing, refusing, reusing and recycling of plastic pollutants in SMI. A
number of waste bins were also distributed to the shopkeepers of beach shops so
that they accumulate and remove the plastic debris and wastes in a certain place,
not on the beach.
Keywords: Saint Martin's island, micro plastic, marine debri
INFLUENCE OF GROWING MEDIA AND PROBIOTIC ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHILLI IN FLOATING STRUCTURE
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTUREThis experiment was conducted in the pond of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka, during Rabi season from, October 2021 to March 2022 to determine the use of
different growing media and probiotic to improve growth and yield of chilli in floating
structure. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD)
having two factors with three replications. Factor A: Growing media (3 types) viz; M
1
=
50% cocopeat + 20% vermicompost+ 20% soil + 10% khoa, M
2
= 40% cocopeat + 30%
vermicompost+ 20% soil + 10% khoa and M
3
= 30% cocopeat + 40% vermicompost+
20% soil + 10% khoa and Factor B: Different level of probiotics (3 types) viz; P
0
= 0 g
probiotic /pot (Control), P
1
= 4 g probiotic /pot and P
2
= 8 g probiotic /pot. In case of
different growing media, the highest number of flowers per plant (87.66), fruits per
plant (65.44) and yield per plant (285.31 g)
were obtained from M
3
, whereas it was the
lowest in M
1
. Considering the probiotic performance, the highest number of flowers per
plant (86.00), fruits per plant (62.67) and yield per plant (270.27 g) were observed in
P
2
, while the lowest result was noted in P
0
. In case of combined effect, the highest
number of flowers per plant (99.99), fruits per plant (72.33) and yield per plant (321.87
g) were observed in M
3
P
2
treatment combination. It was observed that, the treatment
combination M
3
P
2
gave the best performance in terms of growth and yield parameters
compared to other treatment combinations. So, it can be concluded that, growing media
with 30% cocopeat + 40% vermicompost+ 20% soil + 10% khoa and 8 gm probiotic/pot
was effective for better chilli production in floating structure
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS FROM PESTICIDE
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRYThis study was carried out at the laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry Department, Sher-eBangla
Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, from the month of June 2022 to
April 2023 for the determination and risk analysis of heavy metals in different pesticide samples
collected from different places in Bangladesh. Three places namely (1) Monirampur, Jessore, (2)
Barinagar, Jessore, (3) Mithapukur, Rangpur was selected for sample collection. Samples were
collected on four groups namely (i) Carbamate, (ii) Imidachloprid (iii) Organophosphate and
(iv)Pyrithroid. Total thirty eight samples were considered for the present study. Atomic
absorption spectroscopy analysis was used to determine lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and cadmium
(Cd) in sample pesticides. It was found that the levels of heavy metals in pesticides varied from
group to group. Some concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Cd in pesticide samples some were higher
and some were lower than the acceptable limit recommended by FAO/WHO. According to
FAO/WHO, the maximum allowable concentration for Pb, Cr and Cd are 0.3, 2.3 and 0.2 mg/L
respectively. Among 38 samples 12 samples were contaminated with lead (Pb) concentrations
and these were belonged to organophosphate group. Single factor pollution index (PI) indicates
that some of pesticide samples are contaminated (PI>1) and some are yet not contaminated
(PI<1). In case of sum of pollution index (SPI), sample Dursban of organophosphate group
showed the highest SPI (2.58) whereas the lowest SPI (0.32) was found in Jubas of pyrithroid
group. Again considering metal pollution index (MPI), the highest MPI (0.250) was at sample
pesticide Starban of organophosphate group whereas the lowest MPI (0.028) was at sample
pesticide Genethrin of pyrithroid group. Government should monitor the imported pesticide to
reduce the contamination with heavy metals with different methods of heavy metal detections.
Presence of heavy metal in pesticide regarding Pb, Cr and Cd is harmful if it is higher than
acceptable limit recommended by FAO/WHO
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AGAINST FRUIT FLY OF BOTTLE GOURD
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
ENTOMOLOGYThe study was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University , Dhaka during the period from October, 2021 to April, 2022 to find out the
evaluation of different eco-friendly management practices against fruit fly of bottle gourd
. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated with
three replications. In this study, treatments T
1
ii
= Using pheromone trap; T
2
= Using bait
trap with banana mashed at 5 days interval; T
3
= Using bait trap with sweet gourd mashed
at 5 days interval; T
4
= Using pheromone trap + Using bait trap with banana mashed at 5
days interval; T
5
= Using pheromone trap + Using bait trap with sweet gourd mashed at 5
days interval; and T
6
= Untreated control where nothing were applied. T
5
showed the best
performance in terms of number of fruit fly (4.09 adult) captured, percent reduction of fruit
infestation by number over control at early (84.50%), mid (77.68%) and late (76.57%)
fruiting stages; percent reduction of fruit infestation by weight over control at early
(75.43%), mid (72.05%) and late (64.17%) fruiting stages; fruit length (54.87cm), fruit
girth (24.37cm), single fruit weight (2.59kg) and yield (71.37t/ha) . The overall study
revealed that, the most significant performance was achieved from T
5
treatment (Using
pheromone trap + Using bait trap with sweet gourd mashed at 5 days interval) which
contributed to highest control of cucurbit fruit fly as well as the maximum increase of
healthy fruit length, girth and the yield
EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND BORON ON YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF GROUNDNUT
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Submitted to the Institute of Seed Technology,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
In Partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
SEED TECHNOLOGYA gradual decline in groundnut yield has been reportedly subjected to various agro-
climatic conditions and soil fertility problems. Proper application of Ca and B may
improve yield and seed quality of groundnut. The experiment was conducted at the
Research Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, during
the period of March to July, 2021 to study the response of different levels of calcium
and boron application on groundnut yield and seed quality. BARI Chinabadam-10
was used as test crop in this experiment. Experiment was carried out in Split-plot
design and consisted of two factors. Four levels of calcium viz., Ca
1
= 0 kg Ca ha
(0
kg gypsum ha
-1
) (control), Ca
2
= 50 kg Ca ha
-1
(250 kg gypsum ha
-1
), Ca
3
= 60 kg Ca
ha
-1
(300 kg gypsum ha
-1
) and Ca
4
= 70 kg Ca ha
-1
(350 kg gypsum ha
) and four
levels of boron viz., B
1
= 0 kg B ha
-1
(0 kg boric acid ha
-1
) (control), B
2
= 1.275 kg B
ha
-1
(7.50 kg boric acid ha
-1
), B
3
= 1.7 kg B ha
-1
(10 kg boric acid ha
-1
= 2.125
kg B ha
-1
(12.50 kg boric acid ha
-1
). Calcium and boron levels were revealed to have a
significant influence on groundnut yield and seed quality. The study results revealed
that yield and quality parameters gradually increased with increasing Ca and B level
upto Ca
3
(60 kg Ca ha
-1
) and B
3
(1.7 kg B ha
-1
) levels and thereafter slightly
decreased, although maintain statistical similar results. In case of 16 treatment
combinations, the treatment with 60 kg Ca ha
-1
+ 1.7 kg B ha
-1
-1
) and B
4
(Ca
3
) recorded
significantly higher number of pods palnt
-1
(23.53), pod length (2.71 cm), 100-seeds
weight (46.92 g), seed yield (2.35 t ha
-1
), stover yield (3.37 t ha
-1
), biological yield
(5.72 t ha
-1
), harvest index (41.08 %),
germination percentage (90.50 %), protein
content (38.72 %), oil content (47.90 %), vitamin E content (9.68 mg/100g seed)
compared to all other treatment combinations. The present study concludes that
maximum yield and seed quality of groundnut could be achieved by applying of 60 kg
Ca ha
-1
(300 kg gypsum ha
-1
) and 1.7 kg B ha
-1
(10 kg boric acid ha
-1
B
3
-1
)
EFFECTS OF SEED PRIMING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUMMER ONION
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURESeed priming is one of the pre-sowing seed management techniques where the seeds
are partially soaked and subsequently dried back for invigorative effect that expresses
on field emergence and extend up to yield. A field experiment was carried out to study
the effect of different priming treatments on seed germination, plant growth, bulb yield
and quality attributes of summer onion. Four priming treatments i.e distilled water,
PEG-6000 (10%), IAA (100 ppm) and KCl (2.5%) were used in this experiment. Seeds
were immersed in each priming media for 12 and 24 hours. Significant variation
recorded among the seed priming treatments with respect to the growth, yield and
biochemical characters studied viz., germination percentage, plant height, number of
leaves, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar,
phenolic content, bulb weight and total bulb yield. The maximum germination
percentage (93%), highest plant height (28 cm), highest content of photosynthetic
pigment (28.47 mg/g), maximum bulb yield (19.96 t ha
ii
-1
)
and maximum reducing
sugar content (7.41%) were obtained from the treatment PEG 6000 (10%) for 12 hours.
It was observed that among the seed priming treatments, PEG 6000 (10%) for 12 hours
has showed the best performance in improving germination, growth, yield and quality
of summer onion
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY AND THEIR GROWTH RATE ON DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIALS
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Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
ENTOMOLOGYA study was conducted in SAU Insectarium at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University
(SAU), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July to December, 2021 to study the
morphometry and growth rate of black soldier fly in different waste materials.Two
different experiments were conducted using CRD method. Four different type of waste
materials with different level of nutrient content available for black soldier fly larvae
were selected for the study namely WM
0
ii
: Control (Rice straw), WM
1
: Kitchen waste,
WM
2
: Restaurant waste, WM
3
: Fish garbage and WM
4
: Leftover fruits, 4 replications
were done to find out their efficacy on black soldier fly culture media.The life stages of
black soldier fly was observed through the egg hatching (1-4 days), larval growth
through six instars with five exuviate stages which took up to 13 to 18 days to complete.
The last exuviate stage marks the transition from larva to prepupa, with ceasing of
eating for further pupation (color: black). Male and female adult stage duration varied
for 2 to 3 days although average adult stage duration was for 5 to 8 days for most of the
black soldier flies. The mean larval period was observed as long as 15.50 days (±2.50).
The mean egg to adult period for male black soldier fly was observed 45.10 days
(±4.25), whereas for female black soldier fly the duration was recorded as 48.25 days
(±4.13). Among the different waste materials Kitchen waste, Restaurant waste, Fish
garbage and Leftover fruits considering black soldier fly culture, treatment WM
4
:
Leftover fruits showed better performance in completing larval period, egg to adult
duration and fecundity (10.00, 46.67 and 528) and took minimum days for hatching
(3.05) demonstrating rapid growth and development as well as best fecundity.
Treatment WM
4
: Leftover fruits showed better performance in egg to larval period and
egg to adult growth rate (49.05% and 60.13%) resulting the most suitable culture media
for black soldier fly commercial culture
Phosphorus dose and potassium source on yield and export quality of potato
Get PDFSAARC J. Agric., 20(2): 199-210 (2022)In Bangladesh, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lacks optimum quality for export or processing
industries. Optimum utilization of specific plant nutrients can improve quality. The experiment
was conducted to evaluate the best dose(s) of phosphorus in combination with potassium sources
as they affect potato tuber quality. The experiment consisted the factors: phosphorus dose(4); P1
= 200 kg ha-1 TSP @ 42.55 kg ha-1 P; P2 = 220 kg ha-1 TSP @ 46.81 kg ha-1 P, P3 = 240 kg
ha-1 TSP @ 51.06 kg ha-1 P and P4 = 260 kg ha-1 TSP @ 55.32 kg ha-1 P, and potassium
sources (3); K1= KCl (250 kg ha-1 KCl @130 kg ha-1 K), K2 = KH2PO4 (452.19 kg ha-1
KH2PO4 @130 kg ha-1 K) and K3 = K2SO4 (288.6 kg ha-1 K2SO4 @130 kg ha-1 K). The
interaction of phosphorus doses and potassium sources affected most parameters studied. The
highest yield (35.35 t ha-1), caned (10.35 t ha-1), chips (28.06 t ha-1), and French fry (0.367 t
ha-1) were from P3K2, P4K2, P3K2, P3K1 respectively; the lowest yield (30.90 t ha-1), caned
(5.59 t ha-1) and chips (20.01 t ha-1) were from P1K3, P4K1, P1K3 respectively. The highest
dry matter (22.85%), starch (17.936%), antioxidant (630.12 Trolox μMol/100 g FW), and
polyphenol (92.994 GA mg/100 g FW) were from P1K3; the lowest reducing sugar (0.1713 mg
g-1 FW) and non-reducing sugar (0.3290 mg g-1 FW) were from P1K3. It appeared that 200 kg
ha-1 TSP @ 42.55 kg ha-1 P as a dose of phosphorus and K2SO4 as sources of potassium may
be a suitable combination to produce export and processing quality potato
MICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF RAW AND PROCESSED MILK ALONG WITH ANTIBIOGRAM PROFILING OF SELECTED ISOLATED BACTERIAL SPECIES
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Submitted to the Department of Dairy Science
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
DAIRY SCIENCEMilk and dairy products are essential reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens. The
most common pathogenic bacterial species in contaminated milk are Escherichia coli
and Staphylococcus aureus, which are major public health concerns. Therefore, the
objective of the current study was to determine the total bacterial count and identify
E. coli and S. aureus along with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern from bovine milk.
41 milk samples consisting raw (n=29) and pasteurized (n=12) were collected from
several dairy farms and retail outlets in some selected regions of Dhaka and analyzed
for cultural, staining, and biochemical characteristics, followed by polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA of E. coli and the nuc gene of S. aureus. In
addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates was determined by the
disc diffusion method. The highest Total Viable Count (TVC) for raw milk was
recorded at 7.0 log cfu/ml for retail outlets, while the lowest TVC was 6.72 log cfu/ml
for dairy farms. Also, the highest coliform count (CC) (was 5.87 log cfu/ml in retail
outlets compared to 5.57 log cfu/ml in dairy farms for raw milk and 3.4 log cfu/ml for
pasteurized milk. Overall, 44.83% of E. coli (n=13) and 60.71% (n=17) of S.
aureus were found to be positive in raw milk by PCR test, of which the prevalence
was 36.36% (n=4) in dairy farms and 50% (n=9) in retail outlets for E. coli, and
54.54% (n=6) and 61.11% (n=11) for dairy farms and retail outlets respectively for S.
aureus. However, this study did not detect pathogenic E. coli and S. aureus in
pasteurized milk. A large number of E. coli were resistant to ampicillin (84.61%),
amoxicillin (76.92%), cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, and tetracycline (61.53%);
however sensitive to gentamycin (92.3%), and levofloxacin (69.23%). Though several
isolates of S. aureus showed sensitivity to gentamycin (76.47%), levofloxacin
(70.59%), and azithromycin (58.82%), but highly resistant to amoxicillin (88.23%),
ceftriaxone (82.35%), ampicillin (76.47%), and erythromycin (52.94%). This study
showed that E. coli and S. aureus are widespread in raw milk samples and may
develop antibiotic resistance, which might be a public health concern