ReFRI
Not a member yet
939 research outputs found
Sort by
Primary metabolites in the fruits of plum cultivars grown in Western Serbia
No full textThe objective of this study was to examine the content of the primary metabolites (soluble solids, total sugars, invert sugars, proteins, sucrose, titratable acidity and pH) in the fruits of 10 introduced plum cultivars (ʻKatinka‘, Opal‘, Viktorija‘, Hanita‘, Jubileum‘, Valor‘, Stanley‘, Jojo‘, Presenta and Tegera‘), 13 plum cultivars developed in a breeding program at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak (Čačanska Rana‘, Boranka‘, Čačanska Lepotica‘ Valerija‘, Timočanka‘, Čačanska Najbolja‘, Zlatka‘, Valjevka‘, Mildora‘, Nada‘, Krina‘, Pozna Plava‘ and Čačanska Rodna‘) and myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.). In the present results, significant differences were observed in the biosynthesis of primary metabolites between fruits from the various cultivars. The synthesis of soluble solids was the most intensive in the fruit of cultivar Mildora‘ (23.97%), and the lowest in Prunus cerasifera (12.15%). The highest values of total sugars (14.25%) and pH (4.18), and the lowest level of titratable acidity (0.49%) were also recorded in Mildora‘, while the highest level of invert sugars was determined in Krina‘ (9.51%) and Hanita‘ (9.45%). The difference between the cultivars exhibiting the highest and the lowest in the content of proteins was 1.89 fold, while the difference in the sucrose contents was 2.89 fold. Generally, the highest protein content was found in myrobalan plum (1.15%), and sucrose in Stanley‘ (5.54%) and Mildora‘ (5.49%). The present results showed that tested cultivars are rich in primary metabolites and the genetic background of cultivars is an important factor in determining the composition and content of primary compounds in plum fruits
Biological characteristics of new strawberry cultivars in North Montenegro
No full textIn this study the most important phenological characteristics (flowering and ripening
time) o f three new strawberry cultivars from Italy ('Asia', 'Premy' and 'Joly') were
investigated. The experiments were carried out in a two-year period (2020-2021) at
Bijelo Polje (Montenegro). It was found that the time o f flowering and ripening varied
significantly between tested cultivars and years. Flowering took place between the third
decade o f April and the third decade o f M ay and lasted from 28 to 32 days, followed by
ripening after 30 to 33 days. The harvest started in the third decade o f May. The cultivars
'Asia' and 'Premy' were characterized by early ripening period, while 'Joly' was a
medium-early cultivar. Cultivars with this ripening time are popular among producers
due to easier placement and better price on the market. Based on results, it can be
concluded that North Montenegro is a suitable region fo r growing new strawberry
cultivars
Molecular, morphological and pathogenic determination of Fusarium oxysporum, the cause of fusarium wilt on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Serbia
No full textCucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a vegetable crop with an annual production of USD 9.76 billion worldwide. It is also an important vegetable species grown in greenhouses and open fields in Serbia. One of the most devastating cucumber diseases is Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum. It is a soil-borne disease that is transmitted through soil and water. The fungus can attack susceptible plants at any stage of growth. Infection of the hypocotyl of young plants can lead to damping off before or after emergence. Infection in older plants can cause yellowing starting from old leaves, stunting, or wilting. Affected plants may develop a lesion on the lower stem. The fungus affects the vascular system, and infected plants may not show any noticeable symptoms until they begin to bear fruit. Browning of the vascular system is usually evident in the lower part of the stem, crown, and root. After the plant dies, a white mycelium mat forms on the outer surfaces of the plants. In this paper, we present preliminary research results on Fusarium wilt on cucumber in Serbia.
The samples were collected in 2022 in the locality Trebotin, Kruševac. A total of 15 samples originating from cucumber Mirabelle F1 hybrid plants were analyzed. Phenotype-based methods were used for fungal identification. Morphological identification (appearance, size of macro and microconidia and septation macroconidia) of five selected isolates was performed on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The PCR method with the primer pair ITS1-ITS4 was applied for the molecular detection of isolates. The pathogenicity of the obtained isolates was tested by artificial inoculation of young cucumber plants. Plants were inoculated by placing mycelial fragments of 7-day-old fungal isolates with the substrate on the wounds created with a scalpel.
Our research has shown that, based on morphological, molecular and pathogenic characteristics, the wilting of cucumbers in Serbia is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The morphological characteristics of the isolates (appearance, size and septation of macro and microconidia) were: dimensions of microconidia 3.8–15.5 µm x 2.8–4.9 µm, macroconidia 14.6–37.9 µmx 2.4–5.6 µm, and the number of septa was 1–4. Molecular detection of isolates resulted in the amplification of an approximately 550 bp fragment length. The pathogenicity test showed that symptoms of Fusarium wilt disease first appeared as the yellowing of old leaves. The disease was progressive, the infected plant withered and died.
The characterization and confirmation of F. oxysporum on cucumber in Serbia is an important finding, and an effective disease management program should be implemented to reduce yield losses
Compositional response of plum (Prunus domestica L.) fruits to different grown locations.
No full textThis study investigated the influence of two different grown locations (300 and 550m altitudes) on the fruit biochemical profile of seven plum cultivars developed in a breeding program at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak (Republic of Serbia) and ‘Stanley’ as a standard cultivar. In the present results, significant differences were observed in the biosynthesis of chemical compounds and biological activity between fruits from the various cultivars, but also from the same cultivars,
grown at different altitudes. As altitude increased, the accumulation of glucose, sucrose, citric acid, ascorbic acid and
anthocyanins decreased in the fruits, whereas fructose, malic acid, phenolics and flavonoid concentrations increased. The
research also indicated lower antioxidant and cytotoxic potential in the fruits (up to 20.61 and 22.92% of the total variation, respectively) grown at 550m altitude compared to fruits grown at 300m. In addition, the composition and quality of fruits varied remarkably depending on the genetic background of the cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) was able to discriminate biochemical components not only by the genetic predisposition of cultivar but also by altitudes. The results indicated the existence of differences in the biochemical profile of plum fruits, grown at different altitudes, which can be useful determinants when choosing an appropriate location for establishing commercial plum orchards and obtaining the desired quality fruits
The effect of temperature on embryo sac viability in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)
No full textThe viability of embryo sacs from emasculated unpollinated flowers exposed to different constant temperatures (17 °C and 20 °C) and from open pollinated flowers obtained from field conditions was studied during the year 2022 in three autochthonous sweet cherry genotypes (ʻG-2ʼ, ʻCanetovaʼ, ʻOhridska Crnaʼ). From the moment of full flowering (day 0), samples of each genotype were fixed on the 3rd, 6th, 10th, 14th, and 21st days in FPA (ethanol:propionic acid:formaldehyde, 90:5:5, v/v) fixative. Ovaries were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin wax, and cut to a thickness of 10 μm. The obtained sections were stained with safranin, crystal violet, and green light SF. Embryo sacs with four nuclei were recorded in the highest percentage at the full flowering phase, ranging between 30 and 66.67%, depending on the genotype. In unpollinated flowers, only functional stages of the embryo sacs (five- and four-nucleate), in all genotypes, were noticed at 17 °C on the third day after full flowering. Also, degenerated processes in embryo sacs and ovules were noticed on this day at both constant temperatures. The highest percentage of degenerated ovules (around 60% at 17 °C and 70% at 20 °C, in all genotypes) was recorded on the tenth day after full flowering. In all genotypes, in open-pollinated flowers, fertilized egg cells were noticed on the third day after full flowering, while the stage of early embryogenesis at the sixth day. On the twenty-first day after full flowering in ʻOhridska Crnaʼ and ʻG-2ʼ, the globular stage of the embryo was observed in the highest percentage (50% and 67%, respectively), while in genotype ʻCanetovaʼ it was the early heart stage of the embryo (66.7%).These preliminary results clearly show the effect of higher temperatures on female structures during the flowering period, resulting in the acceleration of degenerative processes in the ovule and ovary
Upravljanje normama azota u funkciji veće produktivnosti maline (Rubus idaeus L.) i održivog razvoja voćarske proizvodnje
No full textSuština tehničkog rešenja ogleda se u definisanju dinamike primene manjih doza azotnih hraniva [krečni amonijum-nitrat (KAN) i UREA] u tehnologiji gajenja sorti maline Vilamet i Miker na bazi proučavanja njihovog uticaja na vegetativni i generativni potencijal, visinu prinosa i morfometrijske osobine ploda. Očekuje se da će tehničko rešenje doprineti povećanju ekonomičnosti proizvodnje maline, imajući u vidu manja finansijska ulaganja za nabavku azotnih hraniva sa jedne i krupniji plod i viši prinos sa druge strane. Takođe, optimizacija primene azotnih hraniva u ishrani maline, indirektno će doprineti smanjenju sadržaja nitrata u zemljištu uzrokovanog višedecenijskim prekomernim unošenjem i time smanjiti rizike po biodiverzitet zemljišta, odnosno životnu sredinu
Characterization and genetic diversity of grapevine Pinot gris virus in Serbian vineyards
No full textSixty-five samples of grapevine from commercial vineyards in the Rasina district of Serbia were tested for the presence of grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Fourteen samples of the grapevine varieties ‘Red Globe’, ‘Victoria’ and ‘Preobraženje’ were infected with GPGV. All the infected plants showed symptoms of leaf chlorotic mottling, puckering, and deformation, stunting, and reduced yields. The coding regions of the movement and coat protein (MP/CP) and a region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains of eight virus isolates were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of these genomic regions showed high nucleotide similarity among the Serbian GPGV isolates. This study is the first to describe genetic diversity of GPGV isolates in Serbia
Sistem i metod za kontrolu fermentacije putem veštačke inteligencije
No full textSistеm zа kоntrоlu fеrmеntаciје putеm vеštаčkе intеligеnciје imа zа nоvоst nоv nаčin rеаlizаciје kоntrоlе fеrmеntаciје putеm vеštаčkе intеligеnciје prаćеnjеm sаdržаја rаstvоrlјivе suvе mаtеriје u fеrmеntišućој sirоvini. Rеаlizаciја kоntrоlе fеrmеntаciје sе оdviја putеm pаrаlеlnе i sеkvеnciјаlnе vеzе nеurоnskih mrеžа kоје dеtеktuјu sаdržај rаstvоrlјivе suvе mаtеriје u vrеmеnu i mаpirајu gа sа оdzivimа gаsnih sеnzоrа i tаkоđе dеtеktuјu pri tоm prоblеmе fеrmеntаciје. Sistеm zа kоntrоlu fеrmеntаciје putеm vеštаčkе intеligеnciје sе sаstојi оd: fеrmеntаciоnоg sudа 100 sа gаsоvimа, filtеrа 102 vаzduhа, еlеktrоmаgnеtnih vеntilа 111 kојi su pоvеzаni sа filtеrоm 102 i sudоm 100, sеnzоrskе kоmоrе 106 kоја sаdrži bаr јеdаn gаsni sеnzоr 107 i bаr јеdаn sеnzоr 110 tеmpеrаturе i vlаžnоsti uzоrkа gаsа, vаkuum pumpе 109, kоntrоlеrа 103 kојi uprаvlја vаkuum pumpоm 109, еlеktrоmаgnеtnim vеntilimа 111 i sеnzоrimа 107, 110, mоdulа 104 vеštаčkе intеligеnciје kојi је implеmеntirаn nа rаčunаru i vrši prеdоbrаdu i оbrаdu оdzivа sа sеnzоrа 107, 110, i kоmunicirа sа kоntrоlеrоm 103 i nаvеdеni mоdul 104 vrši kоntrоlu fеrmеntаciје nа nаčin dа uklјučuје dvе rеаlizаciје nеurоnskih mrеžа, prvu dirеktnu kоја pоdrаzumеvа pаrаlеlnu vеzu dvе nеurоnskе mrеžе u kојој јеdnа оdrеđuје sаdržај rаstvоrlјivе suvе mаtеriје i drugu, indirеktnu kоја dеtеktuје prоblеm fеrmеntаciје i drugu rеаlizаciјu kоја uklјučuје sеkvеnciјаlnu vеzu dvе nеurоnskе mrеžе gdе sе kао ulаz zа nеurоnsku mrеžu kоја dеtеktuје prоblеm, dоvоdi sаdržај rаstvоrlјivе suvе mаtеriје kојi је dеtеktоvаn prvоm nеurоnskоm mrеžоm. Меtоd rаdi pо аnаlоgiјi sа sistеmоm i sаdrži kао nоvu fаzu 210 оbrаdе оdzivа sа sеnzоrа 107 krоz kоrаkе 207, 208 i 209
Could the plum cultivar ‘Nada’ achieve the global importance seen in earlier cultivars from the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak
No full textThe domestic plum (Prunus domestica L.) breeding program at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak began in the early 50s, shortly after the establishment of the Institute in 1946. The primary impetus for initiating plum breeding efforts was the rapid decline of the cultivar ʻPožegačaʼ, prevalent in Serbia during that period, attributed to the emergence of the Sharka virus. The aim was to develop a new cultivar that would be qualitatively similar to ʻPožegačaʼ while simultaneously exhibiting tolerance to this virus. Although a new cultivar closely resembling ʻPožegačaʼ was not achieved, several cultivars were developed, becoming pivotal in plum production for subsequent decades in Southeastern and Central European countries. Notably, cultivars such as ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ, ʻČačanska Rodnaʼ, ʻČačanska Najboljaʼ and ʻČačanska Ranaʼ became essential for establishing new orchards and were widely employed as parent cultivars in numerous plum breeding programs. In an attempt to preserve the acquired legacy, despite significantly diminished resources in the 1990s and early 2000s, the plum breeding efforts persisted. As a result, seven new cultivars were developed, with the cultivar ʻNadaʼ, standing out for its distinctive characteristics. Subsequently, there was a sustained increase in interest among producers in Serbia for cultivating this cultivar.
During the seven-year period (2017–2023), we compared the cultivar ʻNadaʼ with ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ and ʻStanleyʼ, considered the most important cultivars in Serbia, focusing on their key productive characteristics. On average, ʻNadaʼ exhibited a larger fruit weight and superior fruit physical characteristics compared to the control cultivars. Additionally, this cultivar displayed lower tree vigour, but also the lowest yield among the examined cultivars. Concerning the chemical properties of the fruit, ʻNadaʼ generally demonstrated intermediate values, typically surpassing those of ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ and falling short of ʻStanleyʼ, as expected due to the sequence of ripening time of the observed cultivars.dr Nebojša Milošević was a member of the Scientific Committee of the I International Symposium on apricot and plum genetics, breeding and cultur
Imidazole fungicides in fruit tree tissue culture: impact and potential applications
No full textFungicides are mostly employed for preventing fungal contamination in in vitro culture, as fungi may interfere with the growth and development of plant cells and tissues. However, several imidazole fungicides can induce morphogenetic and organogenetic responses in in vitro plants through a cytokininlike effect, by intensifying the effect of exogenous cytokinins, or by inhibiting endogenous gibberellic acid biosynthesis. The objective of this study was to see how the imidazole fungicide Prochloraz (PRO) affected the micropropagation of fruit tree species (pear rootstock Pyrodwarf and cherry rootstock Gisela 5) that had previously demonstrated poor multiplication and/or rootingcapacity in vitro. It was used at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 μM, either alone or in combination with BAP (4.4 μM), IBA (5 μM), and GA3 (0.3 μM). PRO at 5 and 10 μM concentrations significantly increased the shoot-inducing effects of BAP in both genotypes, but no cytokinin-like effect was observed in cytokinin-free media. Furthermore, shoots of both rootstocks were the longest and had the largest fresh and dry weights on media containing this fungicide in combination with BAP and GA3. PRO, either alone or in combination with IBA, also affects root induction in vitro. PRO alone stimulated the growth of lengthy roots; however, when combined with IBA, short, thick, white, radially spread roots emerged. These results strongly indicate that PRO could be recommended for micropropagation of these rootstocks