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Apple stem pitting virus detection from dormant pome fruits by RTPCR
No full textApple stem pitting foveavirus is a major latent virus of pome fruits, and thus its reliable diagnostics is a crucial step in virus-free material production and prevention of ASPV spread by infected graftwoods. Thus it would be very convenient a relatively simple, accurate and rapid method in routine testing. The possibility of reliable Apple stem pitting virus detection in pome fruit species by RTPCR during dormancy was assessed. The following commercial kits: QuickPrep(TM) Total RNA Extraction Kit and Ready-To-Go(TM) You-Prime First-Strand Beads Kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Inc., USA), were used for the extraction of total RNA from the bark of annual shoots and conducting RT-PCR, respectively. The application of QuickPrep(TM) Total RNA Extraction Kit was adjusted to the extraction of total RNA from the plant material. The amplification of ASPV-specific DNA fragments of the expected size (291 bp) was obtained from woody and herbaceous indicator plants infected with different isolates originated from apple, pear and quince. Specific DNA fragments were also amplified directly from different apple and pear cultivars infected with ASPV. The ASPV was detected using total RNA extracted from 30 mg or 60 mg of bark as a template and primer pair (ASPR5 and ASPF1, designed by Malinowski et al. 1998) with target sequences in the first open reading frame of ASPV genome. A number of ASPV isolates were detected regardless of the plant host species
Proizvodnja certificiranog sadnog materijala voćaka i vinove loze
No full textAlthough an initial step, the production of reproductive material and nursery stock of fruit crops and grapevines ranks first in terms of successful and profitable production. Nursery stock which is not true-to-type and infected with viruses, viroids and phytoplasms may endanger the following steps within production, minimazing huge financial investments in the planting establishment and its maintenance. Over a long-term in most developed countries, the programmes and schemes related to production of the certified reproductive material and nursery stock have been under way. The production of quality virus-free or viruses tested reproductive material and nursery stock has been in accord with strictly defined stages and work procedures for each classified category. The paper deals with the categorization of reproductive material and nursery stock, as well as with the procedures for obtaining of the specific categories and scheme for fruit crops and grapevines certification. The particular sress was laid on the major viruses and other infective pathogenes on fruit crops and grapevines, their detection methods, coupled with the necessity for the haromonization of the existing regulation in our country with the law regulation of the European Union with the aim to obtain quality nursery stock and create the possibility to take a share within the unique market of the region and Europe.Proizvodnja reprodukcionog i sadnog materijala voćaka i vinove loze, mada početni, predstavlja jedan od najvažnijih koraka u uspešnoj i rentabilnoj proizvodnji. Sortno neispravan i virusima, viroidima ili fitoplazmama zaražen sadni materijal maze ugroziti naredne korake proizvodnje i učiniti bezvrednim velika materijalna ulaganja u podizanje i održavanje zasada. U većini razvijenih zemalja već duži niz godina funkcionišu programi i seme proizvodnje certificiranog reprodukcionog i sadnog materijala. Proizvodnja kvalitetnog bezvirusnog ill na viruse testiranog reprodukcionog i sadnog materijala se obavlja po strogo definisanim fazama i procedurama rada za svaku propisanu kategoriju. U ovom radu data je kategorizacija reprodukcionog i sadnog materijala, kao i načini dobijanja pojedinih kategorija i šema certificiranja voćaka i vinove loze. Istaknuti su najvažniji virusi na voćkama i vinovoj lozi, načini detekcije ovih virusa, kao i neophodnost harmonizacije postojeće zakonske regulative u našoj zemlji sa zakonskom regulativom Evropske Unije, u cilju obezbeđivanja neophodnog kvaliteta sadnog materijala i otvaranja mogućnosti za uključenje u jedinstveno tržište regiona i Evrope
Biological-pomological properties of some blackcurrant cultivars and selections
No full textOver a five-year period (1992-1997), the major properties of eleven blackcurrant cultivars were studied under the agroecological conditions of Cacak. The planting was established at the Ljubic locality belonging to the Fruit and Grape Research Centre, Cacak. The cultivars included in the trial were as follows: 'Ben Nevis', 'Ben Lomond', 'Ben More', 'Fertodi 1', F II/1,'Tenah', 'Tsema', Bo 581*, Bo 663, Bo 539 and 'Cacanska Crna'. Phenology of flowering and ripening, strig mass, number of berries per strig, percentage of berry set, berry mass and dimensions, number of seeds per berry, stalk mass, soluble solids and yield per bush and ha were assessed. The earliest flowering and ripening was registered in cv. 'Fertodi V and selection F II/1 and the latest in 'Ben More'. The largest strig mass and number of berries per strig was recorded with cv. 'Cacanska Crna'. Cvs. 'Ben Lomond' and 'Ben Nevis' had the largest berry set in open pollination. The highest content of soluble solids was registered in selection Bo 539. Cv. 'Cacanska Crna' had the highest cropping potential and yield
Comparative studies on raspberry cultivars
No full textOver a two-year period (1997-1998), 'Meeker', recently introduced into Yugoslavia was compared with the standard cultivar 'Willamette' at two different localities. The first experimental planting was situated in the plain region near Cacak and the second within the hilly area in the vicinity of Valjevo. Under the agroecological conditions of the two localities, 'Meeker' flowered and ripened later than 'Willamette'. The higher yields and fruit size were recorded in 'Meeker'. In addition, 'Meeker' had the higher content of total acids, pectins and soluble solids, coupled with significantly lower juice loss at defrosting. Owing to its greater vigour and longer fruiting laterals, 'Meeker' required somewhat different support in relation to 'Willamette'
Biological-pomological properties of some red and white currant cultivars and selections
No full textOver a five-year period (1992-1997), the major properties of four red and four white currants were studied under the agroecological conditions of Cacak. The planting was set up at the Ljubic locality belonging to the Fruit and Grape Research Centre in Cacak. The trial included the following cultivars: red currant - 'Bo 123*', 'Detvan', 'Tatran' and 'Bo 80'; white currant - 'Bo 71', 'Primus', 'Blanka' and 'White Versailles'. The phenology of flowering and ripening, strig mass, number of berries per strig, percentage of berries set, berry mass and dimensions, number of seeds per berry, stalk mass, soluble solids and yield per bush and per hectare were assessed. The earliest to flower was cv. 'Detvan' and the last cv. 'Blanka'. The earliest ripening time was recorded with cv. 'Detvan' and the latest with selection 'Bo 71'. The largest strig among red and white cultivars belonged to cv. 'Tatran' and cv. 'Blanka', respectively. They also had the largest berries. The highest number of berries per strig among red and white cultivars came from cvs. 'Tatran' and 'Blanka'. 'Bo 123' had the highest percentage of berries set. Selection 'Bo 71' had the highest content of soluble solids. The largest yield among red and white cultivars was observed in cultivars 'Bo 123' and 'Blanka', respectively
Sharka virus in apricot and its diagnosis
No full textThere has been an increasing interest in apricot growing in recent years. Conseqently, a need has arisen for extending the cultivar range. Considering the susceptibility of this fruit species to sharka (PPV) virus, spread in all parts of the country, special attention has been paid to screening cultivars for resistance, as well as to diagnostic techniques due to well-known problem of the virus localization in some apricot cultivars. Screening for resistance was done in the open field by inoculation grafting a number of trees. The trials were conducted in localities with the presence of the PPV strain D, and those with the predominance of the PPV strain M, respectively. The degree of resistance was assessed by visual tests, biotests in the glasshouse, and the ELISA and PCR test. The following cultivars showed resisitance to the PPV-D: Alfred, Blenni, Farmingdale, Harcot, Riland, Stella, clone G-ČA and clone RS-ČA. The cvs Harcot and Badami were found to be susceptible to the strain M, but only Harcot develop conspicuous leaf, fruit and stone symptoms. Krupna Skopljanka manifested field resistance to D strain, but under glasshouse conditions, the infection by this strain was realized
Characterization of a virus associated with pear stony pit in cv. Wurttemberg
No full textPear stony pit associated isolate WT, which originated from diseased pear cultivar Wurttemberg, was characterized by biological tests on woody and herbaceous indicator plants, by serological test with polyclonal antisera against apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), as well as by the molecular methods of dsRNA analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with ASPV-specific primers. The reactions of indicator plants Jules d'Airolles, Beurre Hardy, Nouveau Poiteau, Pyronia veitchii, seedlings Pyrus communis, Nicotiana occidentalis 37B and Nicotiana occidentalis obliqua infected by WT isolate indicated the relatedness of WT isolate to ASPV. The positive serological reaction of coat protein of the WT isolate with polyclonal antibodies against ASPV in Western blot reaction was obtained. The slowest migrating dsRNA band associated with pear stony pit co-migrated with dsRNA having the highest molecular weight in different ASPV isolates from apple and pear. The dsRNA pattern of WT isolate was identical to dsRNAs associated with quince fruit deformation and sooty ringspot. In RT-PCR, the fragments were obtained of the expected 351 and 291 bp sizes using two sets of ASPV-specific primers from dsRNA templates in the WT isolate, as well as in control ASPV isolates ST and CJ. The results obtained have shown the WT isolate associated with pear stony pit in cv Wurttemberg, to be one of the apple stem pitting isolates
Relationship between quince fruit deformation virus and some pome fruit viruses
No full textInfective fruit deformation is widely spread on the leading quince cultivar Leskovaćka in Yugoslavia. Virus-specific dsRNAs were isolated from naturally, as well as artificially infected cv. Leskovaćka trees, which indicates the viral etiology of the disease although no viruses could be isolated on herbaceous plants. Similar symptoms have been described in other countries mainly on indicator plants C 7/1. The objective of this paper was to assess the relationship of quince fruit deformation associated virus (QFDV) with pear vein yellows virus (PVYV) and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV). This was achieved by biological tests on woody indicator plants, inoculation of healthy cv. Leskovaćka plants with different PVYV isolates, and comparative analyses of dsRNAs from woody and herbaceous plants infected with different isolates of those viruses. Some QFDV isolates induced vein yellows on J d'Airolles, as did all PVYV isolates, and quince sooty ringspot (QSRS) on C. oblonga Pigwa 1, as did some of PVYV isolates. Also, PVYV isolates used for the inoculation of healthy cv. Leskovaćka induced QSRS on the leaves of this cultivar, which indicates their close relatedness. The slowest-migrating dsRNA of QFDV-infected quince comigrated with dsRNA with the highest molecular weight of all PVYV isolates, as well as with an ASPV isolate. Also, partial or complete identity was found between dsRNAs with low-molecular weight, which allows a preliminary identification of QFDV as a strain of PVYV, i.e. ASPV
Dynamics and contents of minerals in some strawberry organs and tissues
No full textTwo-year (1989-90) studies were conducted on the dynamics of mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu) in the leaf, crown and root of strawberry cv. Senga Fructarina. The samples were taken during a fifteen-day interval starting from May 15. They were dried to constant mass at 105°C and then homogenized. Mineral levels were determined by the standard method of dry ashing. The contents of all the elements tested were expressed in % or ug/g dry weight. Nitrogen in leaf had a decreasing tendency, whereas its levels in crown tissue increased till early August. There were two maximum levels of N in root. P increased in leaf until mid July, and its contents were at the highest level in crown and root in early August. K in leaf showed a tendency to increase till mid July, whereas K contents in crown decreased until mid August. In leaf and root Ca increased till early July while it had a tendency to decrease in crown. The highest Mg levels in leaf and crown were recorded in the second part of growth cycle. Mg in root increased until mid July. During the first part of growth cycle Fe, Zn and Cu showed the highest values in leaf and crown, and their highest levels in root were in the mid period of the growth cycle. There were two maximum values recorded for Mn in leaf (early July and mid August). The highest levels of Mn in crown and root were obtained in mid July and early August, respectively. B in leaf gained maximum level in mid July while such levels in crown and root were recorded in mid June and mid August