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Harnessing Beneficial Microorganisms for Raspberry Growing: Impact on Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Properties
No full textThe application of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture is a key strategy for sustainable farming, particularly in low-input and organic systems. This study investigated the effects of MeVCT (microbial-enriched vermicompost tea), developed at the Fruit Research Institute Čačak (Serbia), containing effective strains of beneficial microorganisms from the Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Pseudomonas genera.
This formulation was tested in a raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) field trial, focusing on vegetative growth and fruit quality. The assessed vegetative parameters included the number of fruiting branches per shoot and the number of fruits per fruiting branch, while fruit quality was evaluated based on fruit weight, dimensions, soluble solids content, total phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant properties. Treatments included: microbial-enriched vermicompost tea combined with a zeolite-based soil amendment and a chemical fertilizer (MeVCT+ZeoM+ChF); humus-based fertilizer combined with zeolite-based soil amendment and chemical fertilizer (HbF+ZeoM+ChF); microbial-enriched vermicompost tea alone (MeVCT); and chemical fertilizer alone (ChF). Control plots received no fertilization.
The results showed that the combined application of MeVCT, ZeoM, and ChF had the most pronounced positive effects on plant growth and fruit production, with improvements in both vegetative and fruit quality parameters. Specifically, this treatment enhanced the number of fruiting branches per shoot, fruit weight and dimensions, soluble solids content, and concentrations of phenolic compounds and antioxidants, suggesting potential health benefits.
These findings indicate that MeVCT represents a promising tool for improving crop growth and fruit quality, both as a stand-alone treatment and in combination with mineral fertilizers. The observed synergistic effects highlight the potential of integrating microbial-enriched formulations into conventional fertilization strategies to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability. Furthermore, the results underscore the importance of plant–microbe interactions in promoting environmentally friendly and economically viable farming systems. This study also provides a foundation for future research aimed at optimizing microbial interactions and developing bioproducts that support sustainable agriculture
The influence of different concentration of cytokinin (BA) and auxin (IBA) on in vitro multiplication of two plum cultivars
No full textThis research focused on two domestic plum cultivars, ‘Timočanka’ and ‘Boranka’, aiming to optimize the multiplication stage across ten different media. The study examined the influence of benzyladenine (BA at concentration of 1.0, 1.125, 2.225 and 3.335 mg l-1) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA at concentration of 0.0, 0.1, and 0.5, mg l-1) on the multiplication capacity. The evaluated parameters included the multiplication index, length of axial and lateral shoots, and number of leaves of both shoot types, as well as fresh and dry weight (FW and DW) of shoots (axial and lateral shoot in total) and callus. For ‘Timočanka’, BA applied at 1.125 mg l-1 gave the best results in mention parameters, with multiplication index of (4.2). In contrast, significant differences in assessed parameters were less evident for ‘Boranka’. Therefore, advanced statistical methods, including Z-score normalization and principal component analysis (PCA), were applied to further investigate the correlation between medium composition and multiplication parameters. Both PCA and Z-score normalization confirmed the positive effect of media with higher BA concentration in the absence of IBA on the multiplication capacity of ‘Boranka’.Dr Tatjana Vujović je tehnički urednik zbornika
RT-PCR detection of cherry green ring mottle virus and cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus in cherry samples from Serbia
No full textCherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) and cherry necrotic rusty
mottle virus (CNRMV) were reported for the first time in Serbia almost two
decades ago. The information on their prevalence is scarce, and no information on
the genetic diversity of the present isolates exist. From 2018 to 2024, 179 samples
of sweet and sour cherry trees were analyzed. RT-PCR analysis revealed very low
incidence of CGRMV (4.5%) and CNRMV (1.1%) in analyzed samples. Sequence
analysis of the coat protein gene confirmed that Serbian CNRMV isolates share
90.34–99.58% nucleotide (nt) identity with CNRMV sequences in GenBank. Our
CGRMV isolates share 92.05–95.40% nt identity with CNRMV sequences from
other countries
Cryopreservation-based strategy for PPV eradication in autochthonous plums: insights from Fruit Research Institute Čačak
No full textThe importance of conserving plant species, particularly those crucial for agriculture, has surged
to ensure sustainable utilization of biological resources and prevent further loss of plant diversity. Cryopreservation, the most advanced method for plant conservation, offers promise in this
regard. It can be employed for conservation per
se, or as a potential tool (cryotherapy) for pathogens elimination from infected plants, particularly viruses that threaten agricultural productivity. In the recent study, two vitrification-based
cryopreservation methods, D and V cryo-plate,
were evaluated for their efficacy in eradicating
plum pox virus (PPV) from autochthonous plum
cultivars ‘Crvena Ranka’ and ‘Belošljiva’, widely
present in the Balkan region. A total of 111 pool
samples of in vitro shoots of plums ‘Belošljiva’
and ‘Crvena Ranka’ were tested (65 and 46 samples, respectively). Each sample consisted of an
average of 10 plants, in total about 1100 plants.
Health status of in vitro shoots originated from
both control (non-frozen explants) and cryopreserved explants of infected plums were continuously tested during multiplication for the PPV
presence with conventional reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To evaluate
these results and obtain the highest efficiency of
detection, all samples were further tested using
Real-time PCR (qPCR). Using RT-PCR, the PPV was
detected in 67 out of 111 tested samples: in 39
samples of plum ‘Belošljiva’ and 28 of plum ‘Crvena Ranka’. Using a qPCR assay, PPV was confirmed
in 82 tested samples. Effective PPV elimination
from ‘Crvena Ranka’ was achieved through three
cryo-treatments, while neither method (D and
V-cryoplate) nor the applied treatments led to
PPV elimination in ‘Belošljiva’. The qPCR assay
demonstrated higher sensitivity compared to
conventional RT-PCR, highlighting its potential
utility in such assessments. Our findings supported the exceptional specificity and sensitivity of
the qPCR technique in detecting PPV in in vitro
shoots of the plums ‘Belošljiva’ and ‘Crvena Ranka’ post-cryotherapy
Monitoring of germination ability of conidia of Eutypa lata fungus anamorphic stage isolated from grapevine in Serbia
No full textThe germination of conidia of anamorphic stage of four Eutypa lata isolates (EL117, EL219, EL227, EL310), previously determined at the molecular level, and two reference isolates BX1.10 and 8F obtained from the Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, France was monitored in an in vitro experiment. Conidia germination was performed in two methods. The first method of conidia germination was performed by transferring the conidia to YPDA (Yeast Potato Dexstrose Agar), and the second method of germination of conidia, originating from PDA, MA, GWA and WA media, was performed in a drop of sterile water under UV lights for 24 h. By comparing the germination results using the above methods, it was found that the percentage of conidia germination in both cases was very low. Calculation revealed that the average percentage of conidia germination was very low, 0.12%, when germinated on YPDA medium, while the average percentage of conidia germination by exposure to UV light for 15 days was 0.15%
Assesment of adaptation potential of black currant cultivars based on growth, productivity and fruit quality
No full textIn changing environmental conditions, a certain degree of variability is constantly observed in fruit cultivars due to morphological adaptation in the growth, development and adaptation of the plant to different growing conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the adaptation potential of six black currant cultivars (‘Čačanska Crna’, ‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Titania’, ‘Tisel’ and ‘Tiben’) to agroecological conditions of Serbia based on their vegetative and generative potential, morphometric properties of berries and clusters and fruit quality. Vegetative potential (number of shoots per bush shoots length, bush height, width and radius), generative potential (number of flowers per inflorescence, number of berries per bunch, percentage of fruit set) and morphometric properties of berries and clusters (berries, clusters and stalk weight and clusters length) were evaluated in this study. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the identification of sugars and organic acids. The significantly higher values of most parameters of vegetative potential were recorded in the domestic black currant cultivar ‘Čačanska crna’. Despite the high number of flowers and fruits in the cluster, ‘Čačanska Crna’ had significantly lower yields per plant compared to ‘Ben Lomond’ which had the highest yield per bush among tested currant cultivars (4.14 kg). Significantly higher fruit weight was recorded in cultivar ‘Ben Sarek’ (1.57 g) compared to all tested currant cultivars. ‘Titania’ was the cultivar with the highest content of all individual and total sugars (107.80 mg g-1), followed by ‘Čačanska Crna’ while ‘Ben Lomond’ was the cultivar with the highest content of all individual and total acids (53.51 mg g-1), except shikimic acid. The best sugar and acid ratio was recorded in ʽTitaniaʼ and ʽČačanska Crnaʼ. The high productivity and fruit quality of the cultivars ‘Titania’ and ‘Ben Lomond’ indicate good adaptability to local agro-ecological conditions, which together with ‘Čačanska Crna’ make them the most suitable cultivars for cultivation in Serbian agroecological conditions
Sorta šljive Valjevka: najvažnije osobine u uslovima regiona Trojan
No full textThe study targeted to assess major phenological and agronomic traits such as flowering and fruit ripening time, as well as the yield and main characteristics of the fruit from three plum cultivars: ‘Valjevka’, ‘Kystendilska’ and ‘Stanley’. The research was conducted at the experimental plum plantation at the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture in Troyan over 2019–2022. This study aimed to compare the ‘Valjevka’ with the two cultivars mentioned above, which are widely used in plum production in Bulgaria. Among the cultivars studied, ‘Valjevka’ showed the earliest and ‘Kystendilska’ the latest flowering and ripening times. Cultivar ‘Stanley’ was characterized by the highest values of yield, fruit morphological and fruit chemical properties, while ‘Valjevka’ surpassed ‘Kystendilska’ in terms of the values of the mentioned properties. The variations in the onset of the flowering phenophase were more pronounced between the individual experimental years than between the cultivars. Additionally, the yield and morphometric characteristics of the fruit varied significantly within the same cultivar, depending on the growing conditions of each experimental year. Based on the obtained results, the cultivar ‘Valjevka’ can be recommended for commercial growing in the Troyan region.Istraživanje je imalo za zadatak da prouči ključne fenološke i agronomske osobine, kao što su vreme cvetanja i vreme sazrevanja, prinos i najvažnije oso bine ploda tri sorte šljive (Valjevka, Kystendilska i Stanley). Ispitivanja su sprovedena u eksperimental nom zasadu šljive Instituta za planinsko stočarstvo i poljoprivredu u regionu Troyan, u periodu 2019–2022. godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se uporede osobine sorte Valjevka sa osobinama druge dve pomenute sorte koje su u velikoj meri gaje u komercijalnim zasadima šljive u Bugarskoj. Među proučavanim sortama, Valjevka se odlikovala najranijim, a Kystendilska najka snijim vremenom cvetanja i sazrevanja ploda. Za sor tu Stanley su bile karakteristične najviše vrednosti prinosa, kao i najviše vrednosti pročavanih morfometrijskih i hemijskih osobina ploda. U pogledu pomenutih parametara sorta Valjevka je nadmašila sortu Kystendilska. Odstupanja u pogledu početka fenofaze cve tanja su utvrđena i između pojedinih eksperimentalnih godina. Uočene razlike između pojedinih eksperi mentalnih godina su bile veće u odnosu na razlike me đu sortama. Pored toga, prinos i morfometrijske oso bine ploda iste sorte su pokazali visoku zavisnost od uslova gajenja zastupljenih u pojedinim godinama. Na bazi dobijenih rezultata sorta Valjevka se može preporučiti za gajenje u regionu Trojan
In situ evaluacija autohtonih genotipova kruške (Pyrus communis L.) gajenih na području centralne i jugozapadne Srbije
No full textThis study presents the results of in situ evaluation of the main biological properties in 15 traditional pear cultivars and landraces grown in the regions of central and southwest Serbia. The assessed properties of these genotypes include: phenological properties (flowering phenophase and harvest maturity), pomological properties (physical, chemical – including bioactive compounds, and organoleptic) and field resistance to causal agents of diseases (pear scab and fire blight). The earliest onset of flowering was recorded in ‘Vodenjaja’ (April 02nd) and the latest in ‘Kantaruša’ (April 21st), with a 19-day interval between them. In terms of harvest maturity, the genotypes were classified into groups ranging from extremely early (‘Beli Mednjak’ – July 23rd) to late (Kantaruša’ and ‘Takiša’, both October 05th). The highest fruit weight was recorded in ‘Kantaruša’ (364.86 g), while the lowest was in ‘Takiša’ (20.49 g). The cultivar ‘Takiša’ exhibited the best fruit quality among the assessed genotypes, as determined by its chemical composition (soluble solids – 14.85%; total sugars – 10.33%). Regarding bioactive compounds, ‘Kantaruša’ was characterized by the highest values for total phenols (174.50 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW), antioxidant activity (70.97%) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (358.10 mmol TE 100 g-1 FW). The highest total anthocyanin content was found in ‘Lubeničarka’ (2.71 mg C3G 100 g-1 FW). All studied genotypes showed field resistance to fire blight, and most of them exhibited resistance to pear scab. Thus, Serbian pear genotypes appear to possess valuable traits that offer significant potential for use in future breeding programmes and production with reduced chemical inputs.Intenziviranje voćarske proizvodnje prilagođene zahtevima globalnog tržišta neminovno vodi zapostavljanju autohtonog materijala, što može prouzrokovati drastičan ili nepovratan gubitak ovog vrednog dela genofonda voćaka. Prepoznatljivost Instituta za voćarstvo u Čačku ogleda se upravo u korišćenju raznovrsnosti autohtonog genofonda voćaka u oplemenjivačkim programima, kao i u programima za direktno uvođenje u proizvodnju. U cilju daljeg proučavanja autohtonog materijala voćaka, u radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja najznačajnijih bioloških osobina 15 in situ genotipova kruške gajenih na različitim lokalitetima centralne i jugozapadne Srbije: Beli mednjak, Vodenjaja, Kajzerica, Kantaruša, Lubenjaja, Takiša, Crveni mednjak, K-GM/1, K-ČaJ/1, K-ČaJ/2, K-ČaJ/3, K-ČaJ/4, K-ČaJ/5, K-ČaJ/6 i K-ČaJ/7. Primenom međunarodno priznatog deskriptora (Pear Descriptors, IBPGR) i tehničkih uputstava za krušku (TG/15/1 i TG/15/3, UPOV), kao i korišćenjem standardnih laboratorijskih metoda ispitane su fenološke osobine (fenofaza cvetanja i vreme berbe), pomološke osobine (fizičke, hemijske – uključujući i sadržaj bioaktivnih jedinjenja, i senzoričke) i otpornost na prouzrokovače čađave pegavosti lista i krastavosti plodova [Venturia pirina Aderh.], kao i bakteriozne plamenjače [Erwinia amylovora (Burnill)] u poljskim uslovima. Najranije cvetanje zabeleženo je kod sorte ‘Vodenjaja’ (02. april), a najkasnije kod sorte ‘Kantaruša’ (21. april), sa razmakom od 19 dana između njih. Plodovi ispitivanih genotipova su sazrevali od 23. jula (Beli Mednjak; grupa izrazito ranih sorti) do 05. oktobra (Kantaruša i Takiša; grupa kasnih sorti). Najkrupnijim plodom odlikovala se sorta ‘Kantaruša’ (364,86 g; 92,18 mm; 92,00 mm), dok je najsitniji plod utvrđen kod sorte ‘Takiša’ (20,49 g; 31,12 mm; 34,93 mm). Sorta ‘Takiša’ je, na osnovu hemijskog sastava, pokazala najbolji kvalitet ploda (rastvorljive suve materije – 14,85%; ukupni šećeri – 10,33%). U pogledu bioaktivnih komponenti, sortu ‘Kantaruša’ karakterišu najviše vrednosti za ukupne fenole (174,50 mg galne kiseline na 100 g sveže mase ploda), antioksidativnu aktivnost (70,97%) i antioksidativni kapacitet izražen u Trolox ekvivalentima (358,10 mmol TE na 100 g sveže mase ploda). Najviši sadržaj ukupnih antocijana utvrđen je u plodu sorte ‘Lubeničarka’ (2,71 mg cijanidin-3-glukozida na 100 g sveže mase ploda). Genotip K-ČaJ/4 odlikuje se veoma atraktivnim plodovima. Simptomi karakteristični za prouzrokovača bakteriozne plamenjače kruške nisu uočeni u periodu ispitivanja kod proučavanih genotipova, dok su najviši stepen otpornosti na Venturia pirina Aderh. u poljskim uslovima ispoljile pet sorti (Kajzerica, Kantaruša, Lubeničarka, Takiša i Vodenjaja) i tri genotipa (K-ČaJ/4, K-ČaJ/6 i K-ČaJ/7). Sveobuhvatno posmatrano, autohtoni genotipovi kruške na prostoru Republike Srbije koji poseduju poželjne biološke osobine pružaju značajan potencijal za buduće programe oplemenjivanja, kao i za programe direktnog uvođenja u proizvodnju sa smanjenom upotrebom hemijskih sredstava u zaštiti.Dr Ivana Glišić je glavni i odgovorni urednik časopisa Voćarstvo (Journal of Pomology)
Nanoemulzija na osnovi dihidrokvercetina kot obetavni biostimulant za izboljšanje kakovosti plodov jagode
No full textNatural biostimulant products that enhance the growth, productivity, and nutritional quality of
fruits are becoming increasingly popular, particularly in challenging environmental conditions
like fluctuating temperatures, spring frosts, and excessive precipitation. This study aimed to
evaluate the effect of the dihydroquercetin-based biostimulant on the yield and fruit quality of
the strawberry cultivar 'Alba' grown in an open field condition. Biostimulant application
increased strawberry yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, while physical
traits, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and total sugars (TS), invert sugar
(IS) and sucrose (SUC) responded differently to the biostimulant. The application of
dihydroquercetin-based nanoemulsion negatively affected the content of TSS, TA, TS and IS
but not the external appearance of the strawberry (weight, dimensions, shape, index color and
firmness). These data suggested that dihydroquercetin-based treatment might maintain
physical traits while improving the content of bioactive compounds of strawberry fruit due to
the enhancement of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity.Naravni biostimulanti, ki izboljšujejo rast, rodnost in notranjo kakovost plodov, postajajo vse
bolj pomembni, zlasti pri spreminajočih se klimatskih spremembah , kot so nihanje
temperatur, spomladanske pozebe in prevelike količine padavin. Namen te študije je bil
oceniti učinek biostimulanta na osnovi dihidrokvercetina na rodnost in kakovost plodov
žlahtnega jagodnjaka sorte 'Alba', gojenega na prostem. Uporaba biostimulanta je povečala
pridelek, vsebnost skupnih fenolov in antioksidativni potencial, medtem ko so se druge
spremenljivke, kot so topna suha snov (TSS), titracijske kisline (TA), pH, vsebnost skupnih
sladkorjev (TS), invertnega sladkorja (IS) in saharoza (SUC), različno odzvale na uporabo
biostimulanta. Uporaba nanoemulzije na osnovi dihidrokvercetina je negativno vplivala na
vsebnost TSS, TA, TS in IS, ne pa na zunanji videz ploda (maso, velikost, obliko, barvo in
trdoto). Ti podatki kažejo, da bi lahko uporaba tega biostimulanta ohranila fizikalne lastnosti,hkrati pa povečala vsebnost bioaktivnih snovi v plodovih s povečanjem vsebnosti fenolov in
antioksidativne aktivnosti
Najznačajnije virusne bolesti maline
No full textDo danas je u svetskoj literaturi opisano preko 30 virusnih bolesti maline. Simptomi ovih obolјenja se ispolјavaju na različitim bilјnim organima. Najuočlјiviji su na listovima i plodovima. Na listovima se javlјa mozaik, crtičavost, šarenilo, hloroza i žutilo liske, nekroza lisnih nerava, uvijanje liske, skraćenje lisnih nerava i druge deformacije. Plodovi zaraženih bilјaka osetlјivih sorti su sitniji, sa manjim brojem koštunica i deformisani što smanjuje njihovu komercijalnu vrednost.
Ekonomski najznačajnije virusi maline su: virus nekroze crne maline (black raspberry necrosis virus, BRNV), virus žute mrežavosti rubusa (Rubus yellow net virus, RYNV), virus šarenila lista maline (raspberry leaf mottle virus, RLMV), virus žbunaste kržlјavosti maline (raspberry bushy dwarf virus, RBDV) i virus mrlјavosti lista maline (raspberry leaf blotch virus, RLBV).
Od navedenih virusa, u Srbiji je najrasprostranjeniji virus mrlјavosti lista maline koji je utvrđen u svim lokalitetima gde se gaji malina. Simptomi koje izaziva RLBV (šarenilo lišća, mrlјavost i pegavost) su identični sa oštećenjima koje prouzrokuje eriofidna grinja lista maline (Phyllocoptes gracilis). Kod sorte Vilamet u uslovima jake zaraze može dovesti do smanjenja mase ploda do 30%. Po značaju, izdvaja se i virus žbunaste kržlјavosti maline koji kod osetlјivih sorti (Miker) uslovlјava pojavu rehulјavih plodova. Virus nekroze crne maline ne izaziva vidlјive simptome kod komercijalno gajenih sorti crvene maline, a kod nas je dominantno potvrđen kod sorte Fertodi zamatos. Virus žute mrežavosti rubusa i virus šarenila lista maline su prisutni u velikom broju malinjaka, ali u pojedinačnim infekcijama ne izazivaju vidlјive simptome na sortama maline koje se gaje kod nas. Mešane infekcije, sa dva ili više virusa, su česte u malinjacima i kod tolerantnih sorti mogu izazvati simptome na listovima i plodovima i dovesti do smanjenja prinosa. Latentni virus maline (raspberry latent virus, RpLV) je osim u SAD, potvrđen samo u Srbiji. RpLV u mešanim infekcijama sa RBDV i RLMV može izazvati pojavu rehulјavih plodova. Rehulјavost plodova je sve češća pojava u malinjacima u našoj zemlјi, a uzroci su genetske prirode i/ili virusne infekcije. U toku su ispitivanja primarnog uzroka ove pojave.
Virusne bolesti se ne mogu lečiti i osnovne mere kontrole su: korišćenje zdravog sadnog materijala, prostorna izolacija zasada, izbor otpornih i tolerantnih sorti, krčenje i uništavanje zaraženih bilјaka i kontrola vektora